Overview
Heshen was a Qing Official and Statesman.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Zhizhai | 致齋 | Zhizhai |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1799 四年正月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 109
- AD 1799 四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 277
- AD 1799 仁宗親政Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 133
- AD 1799 和珅誅Cause ExecutionDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 176
- AD 1799 和珅伏法ExecutionDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 126, 139, 167
- AD 1799 嘉慶四年春executed 伏誅Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 118
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- already brought to law by time of memorial 其人雖已致法Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 84
Attested activity
- AD 1799 嘉慶四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 24
- AD 1799 嘉慶四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 74
- AD 1787 五十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 17
- AD 1795 六十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 70-71
- AD 1798 三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 69
- AD 1769 乾隆三十四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 4
Show 43 more source-backed claims
- AD 1760 to AD 1795 乾隆中Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 124
- AD 1784 to AD 1790 乾隆中至五十五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 359, passages 139-141
- AD 1786 乾隆五十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 340, passages 18, 22
- AD 1795 乾隆六十年九月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 88
- AD 1784 乾隆四十九年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 362, passages 63, 66
- AD 1786 to AD 1796 乾隆末，和珅勢漸張Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 228
- AD 1785 乾隆末Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 117
- AD 1775 乾隆間Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 351, passage 76
- AD 1786 五十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 40
- AD 1792 五十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 60; Draft History of Qing 343, passage 104
- AD 1788 五十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 49
- AD 1790 五十五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 50
- AD 1791 五十六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 54
- AD 1799 仁宗親政Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 133
- AD 1795 六十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 61; Draft History of Qing 322, passages 144-145; Draft History of Qing 343, passage 111
- AD 1776 to AD 1799 卷319列傳題名Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 1
- AD 1776 to AD 1799 和珅Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 335
- AD 1799 和珅伏法Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 126, 128, 139, 167
- AD 1778 to AD 1798 和珅用事Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 356, passages 193-194
- AD 1799 和珅誅Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 176
- AD 1797 嘉慶二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 67
- AD 1799 嘉慶四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 19; Draft History of Qing 355, passages 11, 34
- AD 1776 四十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 7
- AD 1782 四十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33; Draft History of Qing 322, passages 170-171, 177
- AD 1780 四十五年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 9
- AD 1783 四十八年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 37
- AD 1781 四十六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 164
- AD 1781 四十六年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 18-19, 21
- AD 1775 四十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 6
- AD 1799 四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 276-277
- AD 1799 四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 26
- AD 1799 四年正月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 87, 109
- AD 1794 to AD 1799 在藏凡五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 342, passages 68-69
- AD 1787 to AD 1788 定台灣Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 235
- AD 1791 to AD 1792 定廓爾喀Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 236
- AD 1788 to AD 1791 尋起為山西巡撫Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 21
- AD 1785 to AD 1786 居三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 120
- AD 1793 to AD 1795 時和珅愈專政Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 189, 192, 217
- AD 1790 to AD 1799 時和珅為步軍統領Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 283
- AD 1796 to AD 1799 柄政久；川楚匪亂至伏誅Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 70, 74, 87, 109
- AD 1799 蓋即為和珅發也Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 184
- AD 1790 to AD 1796 高宗倦勤Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 181
- AD 1799 高宗崩Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 98-99
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kin of Younger brother of Heshen's concubine (和珅妾弟)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 145
- Spouse of Concubine of Heshen (和珅妾)concubine 妾Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 145
- Parent of Fengshen Yinde (丰紳殷德)father 父
son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 16, 125; Draft History of Qing 351, passage 76 - Kin of Wulana (伍拉納)relative by marriage 姻戚 · MarriageDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 111
- Sibling of Helin (和琳)younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblingsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 1, 98, 141
- Kinship Role secondary wives · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 91
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 319 Volume 319 Biographies 106: Yu Minzhong, He Shen Son: Feng Shenyinde, Younger Brother: He Lin, Su Linga 60 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 322 Volume 322 Biographies 109: Dou Guangnai, Li Shufang, Fan Yibin, Cao Xibao, Xie Zhending, Qian Feng, Yin Zhuangtu 21 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 340 Volume 340 Biographies 127: Wang Jie, Dong Gao, Zhu Gui 12 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 356 Volume 356 Biographies 143: Hong Liangji, Guan Shiming, Gu Jiqi, Li Zhongzhao, Shi Chengzao 9 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 343 Volume 343 Biographies 130: Shu Lin Younger Brother: Guang Hou, Jue Luo Ji Qing, Jue Luo Zhang Lin, Fei Chun, Bai Ling, Bo Lin 8 passages
Origins and identity
- Ethnicity Manchu 滿洲Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 2
- Line Niohuru clan 鈕祜祿氏Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 2
Career and standing
- chief minister in power 執政Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 120
- chief minister 首輔Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 109
- inner-court minister 樞廷Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 335
- acting minister of War 兼署兵部尚書ActingDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 32
- Chancellor of the Hanlin Academy 翰林院掌院學士AD 1792 五十七年 · Appointed concurrentlyDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 60
- Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall 文華殿大學士AD 1786 五十一年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 43
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- chief director of the stone classics project 正總裁AD 1791 五十六年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 54
- concurrent manager of the Ministry of Revenue 兼管戶部AD 1797 嘉慶二年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 68
- Grand Councilor 軍機大臣AD 1776 四十一年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 7
- vice minister of Revenue 戶部侍郎AD 1776 四十一年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 7
- lecturer at the imperial lectures 經筵講官AD 1782 四十七年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 36
- councilor of state 議政大臣AD 1780 四十五年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 13
- Associate Grand Secretary 協辦大學士AD 1783 四十八年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 39
- chief director of the National History Bureau 國史館正總裁AD 1783 四十八年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 37
- director of the Manchu Classics project 清字經館總裁AD 1783 四十八年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 37
- superintendent of the Wenyuan Pavilion 文淵閣提舉閣事AD 1783 四十八年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 37
- imperial commissioner 欽差大臣AD 1781 四十六年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 19
- chief director of Siku Quanshu project 四庫全書館正總裁AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 17
- chief grand minister of imperial bodyguard 領侍衛內大臣AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 17
- imperial presence grand minister 御前大臣AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 15
- third-class bodyguard 三等侍衛AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 5
- duty at Gate of Heavenly Purity 直乾清門AD 1775 四十年 · AssignedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 6
- grand minister of Imperial Household Department 內務府大臣AD 1776 四十一年 · ConcurrentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 7
- deputy commander-in-chief 副都統AD 1775 四十年 · ConcurrentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 6
- commander of Metropolitan Garrison 步軍統領ConcurrentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 8
- commander-in-chief 都統ConcurrentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 15
- minister managing Mongol affairs 兼理籓院尚書事ConcurrentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 17
- Governor-General 總督AD 1780 四十五年 · Considered not appointed · Negated trueDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 12
- manager of the Ministry of Revenue 管理戶部AD 1783 四十八年 · ContinuedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 39
- powerful minister 權相AD 1792 五十七年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 105
- manager of the Court of Colonial Affairs 管理籓院AD 1795 六十年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 63
- Grand Secretary 大學士AD 1782 四十七年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 170
- Grand Secretary 大學士AD 1799 四年 · HeldDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 276
- Assisting Grand Secretary 協辦大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 120
- director of imperial camp affairs 總理行營事務HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 8
- Grand Council minister 軍機HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 77, 119
- Grand Councilor 軍機大臣HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Grand Secretary 大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passages 235-236; Draft History of Qing 322, passage 71
- manager of Ministry of Revenue accounting 兼管戶部報銷HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 95
- manager of three treasuries of Revenue 管理戶部三庫HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 32
- Metropolitan Infantry Commander 步軍統領HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 283
- superintendent of Chongwen Gate tax office 崇文門稅務監督HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 8
- minister of Revenue 戶部尚書AD 1780 四十五年 · PromotedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 13
- imperial bodyguard 御前侍衛AD 1775 四十年 · PromotedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 6
- Chongwen Gate superintendent 崇文門監督AD 1786 五十一年 · RemovedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 44
- instructor to newly passed jinshi 教習庶吉士AD 1795 六十年 · Served asDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 61
- palace examination reader 殿試讀卷官AD 1795 六十年 · Served asDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 61
- palace examination paper reader 讀卷官AD 1795 廷試 · ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 72
- manager of the Ministry of Punishments 管刑部AD 1797 嘉慶二年 · Transferred toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 67
- Minister of Personnel 吏部尚書AD 1783 四十八年 · Transferred toDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 39
- Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保AD 1782 四十七年 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 36
- double peacock feathers 雙眼花翎AD 1783 四十八年 · GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 37
- first-rank baron 一等男爵AD 1783 四十八年 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 38
- hereditary Light Chariot Commandant 輕車都尉世職AD 1783 四十八年 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 38
- third-rank Light Chariot Commandant 三等輕車都尉AD 1769 乾隆三十四年 · InheritedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 4
- duke 公爵AD 1798 三年 · Promoted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 69
- third-rank Loyal and Assisting Count 三等忠襄伯AD 1788 五十三年 · Promoted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 49
- Already in prisonAD 1799 高宗崩 · ImprisonedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 99
- ExecutedExecution · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶四年 · Western Year: AD 1799Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 19
- ExperiencedPoor in youthDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 3
- Held powerDominated courtDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 342, passage 68
- HeldAD 1786 to AD 1796 乾隆末 · Rising powerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 228
- HeldIn powerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 193
- HeldPowerful ministerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 70
- Wielded powerDominant ministerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 117
- CondemnedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 276
- Crimes enumerated in open edicts at Qianlong's deathAuthority Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 74
- left a serious Mongol case memorial unsent 於蒙古重獄置未奏Demotion · Demoted one rank but retainedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 63
- rebuked for shielding faults and concealing errors 護過飾非Dismissal with retention · Dismissed from office but retained to serveDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 65
- execution 誅Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 133
- confiscation of household 籍全家AD 1799 仁宗親政 · Household confiscatedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 133, 135
- RebukedAD 1781 四十六年 · Imperial rebuke · Mode edictDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 29-30
- SentencedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 109
- SufferedAD 1799 和珅誅 · ExecutionDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 176
- executed 伏誅AD 1799 嘉慶四年春 · SufferedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 118
- SufferedAD 1799 四年正月 · Arrested and triedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 87
Places and affiliations
- Qing 清Relation Associated withStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 74
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 276; Draft History of Qing 318, passage 164; Draft History of Qing 319, passages 2, 4, 126, 176, 181; Draft History of Qing 320, passages 98, 335; Draft History of Qing 322, passages 170, 192; Draft History of Qing 335, passage 117; Draft History of Qing 342, passage 68; Draft History of Qing 343, passage 104; Draft History of Qing 346, passage 117; Draft History of Qing 352, passage 24; Draft History of Qing 359, passage 140
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
- At duty room inside the inner right gate or near the construction office outside Longzong Gate 內右門內直廬或隆宗門外近造辦處直廬 · Relation Worked atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 197
- At east-facing lodge south of Ruyi Gate at the Yuanming Garden 圓明園如意門外南順牆東向直廬 · Relation Worked atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 215
- At Jizhou 薊州 · Relation Business inDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 107
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- At Jizhou 薊州 · Relation Tomb atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 102
- At Rehe traveling palace 熱河行在 · Relation Accompanying emperorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 121
- At Tongzhou 通州 · Relation Business inDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 107
- AD 1760 to AD 1795 乾隆中Organization Plain Yellow Banner 正黃旗 · Relation Transferred toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 124
- AD 1799 得罪後Organization Plain Red Banner 正紅旗 · Relation Registered inDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 124
- Organization Grand Council 軍機處 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Organization Plain Red Banner 正紅旗 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 2
- Organization Sticky Pole Office 黏桿處 · Relation Assigned toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 5
Learning and skills
- EarnedCredential licentiate 文生員Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 3
Works and attributed material
- Siku Quanshu 四庫全書Relation Chief directorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 17
- Emendations against the Collected Emendations 考文提要舉正Relation Presented as own workDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 58
- biography in National History Bureau 國史館列傳Relation Subject ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 139
- Reported Yunnan laxityMemorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 11
- Spoke at the palace gate insisting the accused be convicted as rebelsAD 1792 五十七年 · Speech · SpeakerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 104
- Speech · Speaker · Addressed to the Emperor (上) · Paraphrased · Extent Unit Ids s0071Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 71
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- Speech · Speaker · With Emperor (上) · ParaphrasedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 123
- only the Son of Heaven may emend textsSpeech · Speaker · Mode quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 56
- Speech · Speaker · Speaker Heshen (和珅)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 362, passage 67
Events and relationships
- Abused powerPolitical · ActorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 70-73
- Advanced ahead and directed four column attackMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 20-21
- Altered ancestral precedents and introduced private adherents for over ten yearsPolitical · Power holderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passages 84-85
- Altered mongol audience orderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 97
- Arrested Wang ShuxunDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 283
- Backed generals in chuan chu warMilitary political · PatronDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 74
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- Blamed generals for disobedienceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 24
- Blocked peacock feather grants to Qing ChengDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 346, passages 117-118
- Blocked publication and altered stone classicsAD 1791 五十六年 · Scholarly · ObstructorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 59
- Capital inspection merit nomination suspendedAD 1795 六十年 · Administrative · SubjectDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 66
- Charges not substantiatedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 41
- Concealed kuishu memorialDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 96
- Concealed su linga infirmityDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 98
- Concealed Tu Qinbao death delayed and impeached generalsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 29
- Controlled memorials tribute garrison censorsAdministrative · ActorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 119-121
- Could not saveDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 177
- Dismissed grand council listeesDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 100
- DownfallPolitical · Fallen ministerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 26
- Drafted military exam policy questionsAD 1795 六十年 · Examination · DrafterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 64
- Entered inner palace by sedanDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 90
- ExecutedLegal · ExecutedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 126
- Failed and fellAD 1799 卒以是敗 · Political · SubjectDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 181
- Fell from powerAD 1799 嘉慶四年 · Political · Fallen ministerDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 24
- Fell from powerAD 1799 仁宗親政 · Political · Fallen ministerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 148
- Had slave demolish and rebuild houseDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 42
- Held powerAD 1787 五十二年 · Political · Dominant ministerDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 17
- Hid gold and silverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 106
- Hoarded gemsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 104
- Hoarded pearlsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 103
- Hoarded silver clothingDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 105
- Household slave impeached as pretextDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 40
- Hung court beads under lamp and spoke before mirrorPersonal · Actor · Mode hearsayDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 128
- Illegal nanmu houses and gardensDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 101
- Investigated Li Shiyao in YunnanDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 9, 11
- Monopolized revenue ministryDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 95
- Nearly impeachedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 194
- ObstructedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 75
- Operated pawnshopsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 107
- Ordered destruction of evidenceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 121
- Ordered to investigate withDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33
- Ordered to manage eightieth birthday celebrationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 51
- Ordered to return to capitalAD 1781 四十六年 · Political · RecalledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 30
- Presented ruyi before announcementDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 88
- Presented Yunnan proposalsPolitical · ReporterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 14
- Promoted for merit after captureDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 69
- Protected household tutorsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 99
- Received merit evaluation after Gorkha pacificationAD 1792 五十七年 · Military · Rewarded officialDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 60
- Received mourning advice letterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 98
- Requested ban on rice hoardingAdministrative · Proposer · At capital 京師Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 47
- Requested transfer without major prosecutionDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 46
- Rewarded after pacificationAD 1783 四十八年 · Military · Rewarded official · At Shi Feng Fort, Gansu 甘肅石峰堡Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 38
- Rode into yuanmingyuanDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 89
- Secretly favored accusedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 34
- Sent inspector under supervisorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 52
- Sent to investigateAD 1782 四十七年 · Legal · Investigator · At Shandong 山東Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 170, 172
- Showed congratulatory poemDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 80
- Showed no sorrow at illnessDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 93
- Signed grand council rescripts alonePolitical · ActorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 77
- Slandered compilation and commissioned counter emendationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 56, 58
- Son granted marriage to Princess HexiaoDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 16
- Supervised campaign and was defeatedAD 1781 四十六年 · Military · SupervisorDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 164
- Supervised Salar campaignDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 18-19, 21
- Suppressed military reportsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 92
- Tomb called he lingDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 102
- Took great offense when Dong Er was convicted insteadAD 1792 五十七年 · Political · Offended ministerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 106
- Took palace women as secondary wifeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 91
- Tried to intimidateDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 171
- Urged tearing memorialsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 94
- Wielded powerAD 1790 to AD 1796 高宗倦勤 · Political · Power holderDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 181
- Fuchang'an fawned on him 福長安阿附Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 276
- Relation At odds with · Person Agui (阿桂)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Relation Colleague of · Person Agui (阿桂)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 19-20
- Relation Rival of · Person Agui (阿桂)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 31, 75-76
- Relation At odds with · Person Wang Jie (王杰)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Relation Opponent of · Person Wang Jie (王杰)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 79
- Relation Investigated · Person Li Shiyao (李侍堯)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 9, 11
- Relation Opposed by · Person Song Yun (松筠)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 342, passage 68
- Relation Patron of · Person Guo Tai (國泰)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 83
- Relation Protector of · Person Guo Tai (國泰)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 171, 177
- Relation At odds with · Person Fu Chang'an (福長安)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Relation Recommender of · Person Zhan Lu (湛露)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 45
- Relation Master of · Person Liu Quan (劉全)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 40; Draft History of Qing 322, passage 120
- Relation Resented · Person Dou Guangnai (竇光鼐)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 71
- Relation Resented · Person Shu Lin (書麟)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 21
- Relation Resented · Person Li Shijie (李世傑)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 21
- Relation At odds with · Person Dong Gao (董誥)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Relation Student of · Person Wu Shenglan (吳省蘭)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 80
- Relation Colleague of · Person Ji Huang (嵇璜)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 78
- Relation Favorite of · Person Gaozong (高宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 181
- Relation Enemy of · Person Feng (灃)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 217
- Relation Served alongside · Person Guozhi (國治)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 335
- Relation Political rival of · Person Guan Shiming (管世銘)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passages 193-194
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment abused government (亂政) · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 231
- Assessment compared to Cao Cao and Wang Mang · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 110
- Assessment corrupt powerful minister · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Hong Liangji (洪亮吉)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passages 74, 84
- Assessment crimes warranted great treason · Mode collective-memorialDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 109
- Assessment envied Peng Yuanrui · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 56
- Assessment favor surpassed every other official at court · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 17
Show 16 more source-backed claims
- Assessment furious after A Gui exposed false blame · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 28
- Assessment Gaozong had repeatedly rebuked him; biography omitted these rebukes · Mode historian-judgment Speaker Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 140
- Assessment greedy and wanton while relying on favor · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 181
- Assessment increasingly monopolized government · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 192
- Assessment influence so fierce none at court dared impeach him · Mode named-source-report Speaker Emperor Renzong (仁宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 134
- Assessment Jiaqing Emperor's discussion of Li Fuguo was directed at him · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 184
- Assessment rebuked for reckless recommendation of Zhan Lu · Mode named-person-report Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 45
- Assessment secretly favored Guo Tai · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 34
- Assessment the examination was tainted by favoritism because Guangnai had repeatedly been Zhejiang education commissioner · Assessor Person Id Heshen (和珅) · With Dou Guangnai (竇光鼐) · Mode allegation Speaker Heshen (和珅)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 71
- Assessment treacherous · Mode named-person-judgment Source Person Id Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 86
- AD 1788 五十三年Item purple bridle 紫韁 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 49
- AD 1790 五十五年Item four-panel patched robe 四開褉袍 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 50
- AD 1790 五十五年Item yellow belt 黃帶 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 50
- Item confiscated houses, gems, gold, silver, pearls 所鈔家產 · Relation PossessedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 101, 103-106
- Item confiscated property of more than 200,000 貲產至二十馀萬 · Relation PossessedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 135
- Item eastern pearl court beads 正珠朝珠 · Relation Possessed · Negated falseDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 128
Source notes
- Historicity historical
- Value historicalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 335
- Had managed the Chongwen Gate superintendency for eight years before removalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 44
References in the histories
145 passages
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