Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)

Overview

Qianlong Emperor was a Sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty and one of its longest-reigning rulers.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Chun Emperor	純皇帝
Temple name	Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong

Life and dates

Death

AD 1799 嘉慶四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 15
AD 1799 嘉慶四年春
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 118
AD 1799 高宗崩
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 98

Age

80
AD 1790 五十五年 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 51

Attested activity

AD 1755 二十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 194-195
AD 1760 越五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 195, 197
AD 1748 乾隆十三年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 3
AD 1756 乾隆二十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 11, 37
AD 1770 三十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 120
AD 1771 三十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 123, 127

Show 141 more source-backed claims

AD 1772 三十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 142, 145
AD 1773 三十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 150, 158
AD 1773 乾隆三十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passages 3, 9
AD 1799 嘉慶四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 15
AD 1775 乾隆四十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 431
AD 1784 四十九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passages 9-10
AD 1786 乾隆五十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 5, 7
AD 1786 乾隆五十一年十一月
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 166, 177
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 16
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 177
AD 1787 五十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 343, passages 15-16
AD 1787 八月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 185
AD 1787 十一月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 189
AD 1795 乾隆六十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 11
AD 1744 乾隆九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 27, passage 7
AD 1766 三十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 94
AD 1766 三十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 32, 66
AD 1772 三十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 104, 109, 115, 133, 136, 141, 147, 151, 156, 158, 189, 204-206
AD 1772 三十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 21, 31
AD 1774 三十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 217, 219, 227-228
AD 1767 三十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 177
AD 1770 三十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 112, passage 182
AD 1773 三十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 122, 217-218
AD 1771 三十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 99, 102-103
AD 1771 三十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 176
AD 1768 to AD 1769 三十四年前後
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 209, 229
AD 1755 to AD 1759 上以其言實
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 232
AD 1788 to AD 1793 上命芝元…五十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 104, 110
AD 1758 上授愛隆阿參贊大臣
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 53
AD 1758 上為賦回纛行
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 49
AD 1766 乾隆三十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 352, passages 4, 35
AD 1772 乾隆三十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passages 29, 62
AD 1765 to AD 1788 乾隆三十年 to 明年 after Taiwan settlement
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 153, 170
AD 1738 乾隆三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 93, passages 8-9
AD 1738 乾隆三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 59
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆中
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 21
AD 1760 乾隆中
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 87
AD 1744 乾隆九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 47
AD 1756 乾隆二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 57, 59
AD 1758 乾隆二十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 99, 107
AD 1757 乾隆二十二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 315, passages 8, 11
AD 1760 乾隆二十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 111
AD 1761 乾隆二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 9, 28
AD 1761 乾隆二十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 112; Draft History of Qing 340, passages 6-7
AD 1759 乾隆二十四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 164
AD 1737 乾隆二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 224
AD 1788 乾隆五十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 355, passages 5-6
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 210-211
AD 1790 乾隆五十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 86
AD 1793 乾隆五十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 87
AD 1785 乾隆五十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 85; Draft History of Qing 111, passage 156
AD 1736 乾隆元年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 6
AD 1736 乾隆元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 2, 7
AD 1795 乾隆六十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passages 121, 124
AD 1735 to AD 1744 乾隆初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 9, 23, 28, 31
AD 1736 to AD 1745 乾隆初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 5
AD 1736 to AD 1748 乾隆初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 239
AD 1747 to AD 1749 乾隆初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 115
AD 1736 乾隆初元
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 81
AD 1736 to AD 1750 乾隆初年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 25
AD 1746 乾隆十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 190
AD 1752 乾隆十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 58; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 87
AD 1748 乾隆十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 31; Draft History of Qing 105, passage 9; Draft History of Qing 312, passages 103-104
AD 1750 乾隆十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 33; Draft History of Qing 312, passages 53, 85
AD 1750 乾隆十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 61, 231
AD 1753 乾隆十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 63
AD 1749 乾隆十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 82
AD 1745 乾隆十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 192
AD 1745 乾隆十年六月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 102
AD 1782 乾隆四十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 114
AD 1782 乾隆四十七年正月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 83
AD 1778 乾隆四十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 169
AD 1784 乾隆四十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 25; Draft History of Qing 335, passages 136, 144
AD 1777 乾隆四十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 13, 15, 83-84, 87-88
AD 1779 乾隆四十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 16, 18
AD 1739 乾隆四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passage 108
AD 1739 乾隆四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 2
AD 1793 乾隆季葉
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 143-144
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆時
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 194
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆時憲
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 115
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆朝
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 342, passage 43
AD 1748 乾隆朝
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 12
AD 1770 乾隆朝
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 335, passages 27, 31
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆間
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 291
AD 1785 乾隆間南巡
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 351, passage 27
AD 1756 二十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 71
AD 1756 二十一年四月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 176
AD 1762 二十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 50, 52-54
AD 1758 二十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 40-41, 43-44
AD 1763 二十八年六月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 56, 63
AD 1759 二十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 126; Draft History of Qing 316, passage 183
AD 1759 二十四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 47
AD 1786 五十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 240, 243
AD 1786 五十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 40
AD 1788 五十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 103
AD 1788 五十三年春
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 196, 219
AD 1787 to AD 1790 五十二–五十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 128, 130
AD 1790 五十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 51; Draft History of Qing 328, passage 201
AD 1791 五十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 228
AD 1789 五十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 199
AD 1765 to AD 1769 先帝徵緬甸
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 215
AD 1796 to AD 1799 先帝頒師征討邪教
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 206
AD 1795 六十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 64
AD 1746 十一年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 312, passages 8, 14
AD 1735 十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 58
AD 1748 十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 104, 123, 169; Draft History of Qing 312, passages 24, 26; Draft History of Qing 326, passages 16, 23
AD 1748 十三年三月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 104
AD 1748 十三年正月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 66
AD 1747 十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passages 17, 23
AD 1750 十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passages 35, 48, 50; Draft History of Qing 326, passages 24, 26
AD 1753 十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 195, 202-203, 205
AD 1753 十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 30
AD 1749 十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 148-151; Draft History of Qing 312, passage 29
AD 1751 to AD 1784 南巡
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 336, passage 41
AD 1796 嘉慶元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 117
AD 1776 四十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 229; Draft History of Qing 326, passage 219
AD 1776 四十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 64, 66
AD 1782 四十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 33, 36
AD 1783 四十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 88
AD 1779 四十四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 230-231
AD 1736 大清乾隆元年
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 189
AD 1736 to AD 1795 帝搜三代鐘鼎
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 123
AD 1760 次年春
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 336, passages 168, 185
AD 1759 to AD 1765 瑚爾起疏言…呼倫貝爾總管
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 30
AD 1758 詔原之
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 45
AD 1790 逾年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 364, passages 5-6
AD 1735 雍正十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 337, passage 15
AD 1758 to AD 1759 霍集占之徒…和闐遂平
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 16, 21
AD 1756 青滾雜卜將叛
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 79
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 26, passages 7-8
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 441, passage 57
AD 1736 高宗初元
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 184
AD 1736 to AD 1796 高宗南巡
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 45
AD 1735 高宗即位
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 300, passage 28
AD 1799 高宗崩
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 98
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗時
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 377, passage 44
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗純皇帝
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 378, passage 116
AD 1735 to AD 1795 高宗臨御六十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 101
AD 1796 高宗訓政
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 445, passage 98
AD 1753 to AD 1761 高宗諭蔡新
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 110
AD 1735 to AD 1796 高宗運際昌明
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 16

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Ancestor of Yi Chun (奕純)
imperial great-grandfather 皇曾祖 · 3 generations
emperor's great-grandson 皇曾孫 · paternal line · 3 generations
Sources vary in certainty · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 12
Parent of Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝)
crown prince 皇太子
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 105, passages 121, 124
Ancestor of Yijing (奕經)
descendant 裔 · paternal line
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 378, passage 116
Parent of Eldest Imperial Son of Gaozong (皇長子)
eldest imperial son 皇長子
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 287, passage 108
Parent of Prince of Ding'an (定安親王)
eldest imperial son 長皇子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 15
Child of Empress Dowager (太后)
empress dowager 太后 · maternal line
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 32
Kin of Empress Dowager
empress dowager 皇太后
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 91
Spouse of Empress Xiaoxianchun (孝賢純皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 99, 104
Spouse of Empress Xiaoxian (孝賢皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 15
Parent of Yongcong (永琮)
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 31
Parent of Yongzhang (永璋)
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 37
Parent of Yonglian (永璉)
father 父
second imperial son 皇次子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passages 8-9
Parent of Yonghuang (永璜)
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 33
Parent of Yongji (永璂)
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 40

Key source chapters

Career and standing

emperor 帝
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 112, passage 182
posthumous rank, gold, and shrine as for Fu Qing 贈爵、賜金、立祠如傅清
AD 1750 乾隆十五年 · Granted · With Labdon (拉布敦)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 85
special imperial commendation 特詔嘉之
Granted · With Shu Lin (書麟)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 16
superior merit review 優敘
Granted · With Shu Lin (書麟)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 9
living shrine among the commanding generals at Jiayi 台灣嘉義立諸將帥生祠
Ordered for · With E Hui (鄂輝) · At Jiayi 嘉義
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 219
Held
AD 1796 嘉慶元年 · Retired emperor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passages 116-117

Show 7 more source-backed claims

Held
Emperor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 27, passage 7
Declined to punish
Pardon · With Fu Heng (傅恆)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 231
Granted
AD 1788 五十三年 · Pardon · With Ren Chengen (承恩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 129, 133
executed Gao Pu 誅高樸
AD 1777 乾隆四十二年 · Ordered execution · With Gao Pu (高樸)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 87
spared death, kept with the army, registered households 恕死，留軍，仍籍其家
Capital sentence commuted · Pardoned death · With Nusan (努三), Wuleideng (烏勒登)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 205
AD 1736 乾隆朝
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 351, passage 27
AD 1735 雍正十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 9; Draft History of Qing 337, passage 15

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 15
Qing 清
Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 189
Qing 清
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passages 3, 7; Draft History of Qing 105, passage 117
Qing 清
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 315, passage 8
Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 7
Qing 清
Relation Subject of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 9

Show 6 more source-backed claims

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 27, passage 7; Draft History of Qing 91, passage 81; Draft History of Qing 93, passages 291, 431; Draft History of Qing 111, passage 47; Draft History of Qing 142, passage 16; Draft History of Qing 301, passages 102, 104, 209, 239; Draft History of Qing 311, passages 104, 153, 169, 192; Draft History of Qing 312, passages 5, 17; Draft History of Qing 316, passages 3, 11, 107, 111, 183, 217, 232; Draft History of Qing 320, passages 9, 28, 83, 98; Draft History of Qing 328, passages 5, 7, 158; Draft History of Qing 329, passages 119, 177; Draft History of Qing 335, passage 42; Draft History of Qing 336, passages 162, 185; Draft History of Qing 337, passage 15; Draft History of Qing 342, passage 43; Draft History of Qing 343, passages 3, 9; Draft History of Qing 352, passage 35; Draft History of Qing 364, passage 6; Draft History of Qing 503, passages 21, 45, 123
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 194, 224; Draft History of Qing 112, passage 182; Draft History of Qing 319, passages 36, 40; Draft History of Qing 326, passages 6, 23, 50, 94, 147, 176, 217; Draft History of Qing 336, passage 41; Draft History of Qing 356, passage 206
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 49; Draft History of Qing 319, passage 242; Draft History of Qing 329, passage 31; Draft History of Qing 351, passage 27
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 196; Draft History of Qing 329, passage 104
Polity Qing 清朝 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 53
AD 1737 乾隆二年
At Southern Park 南苑 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 224

Works and attributed material

Poem on the Return of the Standard 回纛行
Relation Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 49
He Yuan Ji Lue 河源紀略
Relation Commissioned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 119
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · About Person Id Ren Chengen (承恩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 133
Edict · Author · Direct quotation · About Person Id Ren Ju (任舉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 123
Approved
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 27
Assessed Yuanjun to Grand Council
AD 1772 三十七年 · Speech · Speaker · With Song Yuanjun (宋元俊)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 37-38

Show 65 more source-backed claims

Instructed ritual officials not to prepare crown prince investiture regalia
AD 1795 乾隆六十年 · Edict · Author · With Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝) · Mode edict Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 124
Noted ransom offense and ordered inquiry
AD 1772 三十七年 · Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 41-43
Ordered reassessment of troop request
AD 1772 三十七年 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 36
Pardoned
Edict · Author · With Ai Long'a (愛隆阿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 45
Poem recalling old ministers
Poem · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 235
Rebuked Zhao Huan memorial
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passages 72-78
Recorded visits and tomb offerings
Poem · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 234
Reprimanded
Edict · Author · With Pu Jibao (普吉保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 163
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to San Bao (三寶) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 31
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年八月
Quoted edict · Author · With Chang Qing (常青)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 43-44
special edict approving that an only son might bear two sacrificial lines 特旨允以獨子兼祧
AD 1775 乾隆四十年 · Edict · Author · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 431
AD 1786 乾隆五十一年
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 7
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 21, 52
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Personal edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 24
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Quoted edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passages 39-40
AD 1753 乾隆十八年
Speech · Speaker · With Cai Xin (蔡新) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 110
AD 1777 乾隆四十二年
Edict · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passages 84, 87-88
AD 1747 十二年
Edict · Speaker · With Fu Qing (傅清)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passages 17-19
AD 1747 十二年
Order · Speaker · With Fu Qing (傅清)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 23
AD 1750 十五年
Edict · Speaker
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 35
AD 1790 逾年
Speech · Speaker · Summary expressed delight at discovering Ruan Yuan in his eightieth year · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Ruan Yuan (阮元)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 7
AD 1758 to AD 1759 霍集占之徒…和闐遂平
Edict · Author · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 16
narrative poem on the Bo'erqi campaign 博羅齊行
AD 1758 to AD 1759 霍集占之徒…和闐遂平 · Poem · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 21
Edict · Author · With Neqin (訥親)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 28-29
rebuked He Shen for shielding faults and concealing errors; dismissed but retained
Edict · Author · With Heshen (和珅)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 65
removed Chongwen Gate superintendency from He Shen
Edict · Author · With Heshen (和珅)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 44
Edict · Author · With Chai Daji (柴大紀) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 191, 197-199
Edict · Author · Direct quotation · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 127-128, 134-135
Edict · Speaker · With Xu Yuyou (許玉猷)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passages 105-106
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Gong Zhaolin (宮兆麟)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 147-148, 150
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Tu Erbing'a (圖爾炳阿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 72-75
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Min E'yuan (閔鶚元)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 212-214
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Lu Chao (盧焯)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 15-17, 27-29, 32-34
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Asiha (阿思哈)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 92-95
Edict · Author · With Yizhu (伊柱)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 184
Edict · Speaker · With Fu Qing (傅清)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 33
Edict · Author · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 291
Edict · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 189; Draft History of Qing 111, passages 164-166; Draft History of Qing 312, passage 53
Edict · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 48-53, 156-157, 231-234; Draft History of Qing 301, passages 221-226; Draft History of Qing 311, passages 104-105; Draft History of Qing 319, passages 219-227, 240-243
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic Aertai failed to plan supplies
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 109-110
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic handwritten praise of Guilin
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 133-134
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic Lang Ka treacherous; let tribes destroy him or wait for orders
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 52-54
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic let natives fight natives; do not apply interior law
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 43-44
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic native chiefs fighting is no business of Dajianlu
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 40
Edict · Speaker · Direct quotation · Topic rebuke of Kai Tai's deceitful handling of Lang Ka
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 56-62
永璉為朕嫡子...
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 9
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 110, 156-158; Draft History of Qing 335, passages 145, 147-148
Edict · Speaker · Topic do not compromise for temporary peace
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 94
Edict · Speaker · Topic rebuke of Guilin for not pressing Jinchuan
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 151
Edict · Speaker · Topic rebuke of Kai Tai for shielding Sun Hao
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 26
Inquiry · Speaker · With Wulana (伍拉納)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 201
Instruction · Speaker · With Ban Di (班第) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 104
Judgment · Speaker · With Kai Tai (開泰) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 23
Judgment · Speaker · Topic rebuke for not reporting Yang Chaodong earlier
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 47
ordered Fu Lu and Tsebudunjab to block Huojizhan's escape 命福祿偕策布登札布以兵堵霍集占竄俄羅斯路
Order · Author · With Fu Lu (福祿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 107
ordered garrison farming at Urumqi 命屯田烏魯木齊
Order · Author · With Yan Xiangshi (閻相師)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 152
Order · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passages 114, 119
inspection poem rewarding Fu Lu 制閱武詩獎之
Poem · Author · With Fu Lu (福祿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 111
Poem · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 209
Rebuke · Author · With Nusan (努三), Wuleideng (烏勒登)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 202-203
Speech · Speaker · With Tie Bao (鐵保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 62
The book was imperially approved—how can it be called a private work?
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 57
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 58-59
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 31
Statement · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passage 230

Events and relationships

Abolished ministerial self assessment
Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 58-60
Admonished
AD 1772 三十七年 · Administrative · Authority · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 148
Appointed commanding general
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Appointing authority · With Chang Qing (常青)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 177
Appointed
AD 1758 to AD 1759 霍集占之徒…和闐遂平 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 16
Approved withdrawal of the Tibet garrison
AD 1748 十三年 · Political · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 26
Approved all Aertai Sichuan proposals
Political · Ruler · With Aertai (阿爾泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 87

Show 132 more source-backed claims

Approved Guzhou enlistment request
AD 1753 十八年 · Political · Ruler · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 30
Approved waiving Lang Ka attestations and ordered him to obey
AD 1762 二十七年 · Political · Ruler · With Lang Ka (郎卡)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 50
approved dual-line succession for an only son and fixed the precedent 允以獨子兼祧，於是始定兼祧例
AD 1775 乾隆四十年 · Edict · Issuer · Approved
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 431
Awarded honor
AD 1772 三十七年 · Administrative · Authority · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 145
Birthday congratulations audience
AD 1790 乾隆五十五年 · Ritual · Host · With Nguyen Quang Binh (阮光平)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 86
Built shrine
Ritual · Patron · At the capital 京師
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 53
Came in person to mourn when the coffin returned
Ritual · Mourner
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 50
Commended Kai Tai for granary policy
AD 1748 十三年 · Political · Ruler · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 16, 23
Commuted death and reappointed
Legal · Sovereign · With Wuleideng (烏勒登)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 232
Commuted death sentence
AD 1771 三十六年 · Administrative · Authority · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 140
Decreed purchase restoration for public business demotions
AD 1770 三十五年 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 112, passage 182
Demoted Daxiong
Legal · Authority · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 171
Discontinued envoy tea assembly
AD 1736 乾隆初元 · Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 81
Dispatched armies against sectarians
Military · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 206
Eastern tour libation
Ritual · Sovereign
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passages 66, 68
Eightieth birthday
AD 1790 五十五年 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 51
Ended campaign recalled Fu Heng
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 215
Ennobled
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Appointing authority · With Chai Daji (柴大紀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 200
Exiled Guilin to Yili
AD 1772 三十七年 · Legal · Authority · With Guilin (桂林)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 158
realm borders expanded daily 版圖日廓
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆時 · Military · Sovereign · Expanded borders
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 194
Feasted returning army
Ritual · Host · At Fengze Garden 豐澤園
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 183
Fiftieth birthday
AD 1760 乾隆二十五年 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 111
Gathered bronzes and Qin Han tile ends
Cultural · Collector
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 123
grand review at the Southern Park; sat in the canopy hall 大閱，幸南苑，御帳殿
AD 1737 乾隆二年 · Military · Reviewer · Grand review at southern park · At Southern Park 南苑
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 224
retinue displayed; naoge and clear music performed; banners granted feast provisions 行宮外陳鹵簿，作鐃歌大樂，作清樂，賜各旗饌筵、羊豕、薪炭
AD 1737 乾隆二年 · Ritual · Sovereign · Grand review music and grants
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 227-230
Granted Aertai suicide
AD 1773 三十八年 · Legal · Authority · With Altai (阿爾泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 122
Granted hereditary rank
AD 1758 to AD 1759 霍集占之徒…和闐遂平 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 21
Granted perpetual hereditary rank
AD 1767 三十二年 · Ritual · Authority · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 177
Granted posthumous honors
Administrative · Ruler · With Ren Ju (任舉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 124
Granted posthumous titles
AD 1736 高宗初元 · Political · Authority
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 184
Granted then revoked Wen Fu posthumous honors
AD 1773 三十八年 · Ritual · Ruler · With Wen Fu (溫福)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 217-218
Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument 璣衡撫辰儀
AD 1744 乾隆九年 · Administrative · Commissioner · Imperially made · At Observatory Terrace 臺
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 27, passage 7
armies assembled; infantry advanced by ten-zhang measure 軍隊既齊，步軍整列進。以十丈為率
AD 1737 乾隆二年 · Military · Reviewer · Infantry advanced in review
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 225-226
Instructed mother to educate son
Administrative · Ruler · Counterpart Ids Ren Chengen (承恩), Mother of Ren Chengen
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 125
Investigated military supplies bureau
Legal · Authority
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 223
Issued six hundred piculs of grain
Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 78
Libation at Fu Heng house
Ritual · Mourner
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 232
Made a southern tour, summoned Chen Mengshuo, and bestowed silk and sable
Imperial tour · Emperor · With Chen Mengshuo (陳夢說)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 336, passage 41
Made armillary and chronographic instrument
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗 · Scholarly · Instrument maker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 7
Mourned Fu Qing and Labdon and published the affair
AD 1750 十五年 · Ritual · Mourner
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 48
Offered libations
Ritual · Officiant · With Yongcong (永琮)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 32
Offered libations
Ritual · Officiant · With Yonglian (永璉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passages 20, 22
Offered libations
Ritual · Officiant · With Yonghuang (永璜)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passage 36
Ordered Gu Guangxu to inspect the capital region
Political · Sovereign · With Gu Guangxu (顧光旭)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 336, passages 185-186
Ordered Jiang Heng's Thirteen Classics carved in stone; appointed him Directorate director of studies
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆中 · Cultural · Sovereign · With Jiang Heng (蔣衡)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 21
Ordered appointment
AD 1759 to AD 1765 瑚爾起疏言…呼倫貝爾總管 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 30
Ordered arrest
AD 1773 三十八年 · Administrative · Authority · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 159
Ordered campaign
AD 1788 to AD 1792 廓爾喀掠西藏 · Military · Sovereign · With Zhang Zhiyuan (張芝元) · At Tibet (Jilong and Nyalam) 西藏濟嚨、聶拉木
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 104
Ordered Daxiong stripped and arrested
Legal · Authority · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 175
Ordered factual report on Lang Ka
AD 1758 二十三年 · Political · Ruler · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 41
Ordered Fu Heng home entrusted Agui
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 217
Ordered investigation
AD 1782 四十七年 · Legal · Sovereign · With Heshen (和珅)
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33
Ordered Lesser Jinchuan suppressed first
AD 1771 三十六年 · Military · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 176
Ordered li cha remeasurement into shixian
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 8
Ordered memorial inclusion
AD 1778 乾隆四十三年 · Editorial · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 169
Ordered princes and Censorate to question Cao
AD 1786 五十一年 · Legal · Sovereign · With Cao Xibao (曹錫寶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 41
Ordered reinforcement
Administrative · Sovereign · With E Hui (鄂輝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 211
Ordered relief of tibet
Military · Sovereign · With E Hui (鄂輝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 223
Ordered verification against Veritable Records
AD 1795 六十年 · Administrative · Sovereign
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 64
Ordered verification of first grade nominations
Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 47
Ordered visit to dying Ma Qi
AD 1739 乾隆四年 · Ritual · Visitor dispatcher · With Maqi (馬齊)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 287, passage 108
Ordered wattled dikes retained
Political · Ruler · With San Bao (三寶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 21
Ordered withdrawal
Political · Authority · With Empress Xiaoshengxian (孝聖憲皇后)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 149
Ordered
AD 1756 乾隆二十一年 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 11
ordered capital banner officials on parents’ mourning to enter office after a hundred days while still wearing mourning 諭京旗文武官遇親喪，百日後即入署治事，持服如故
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆間 · Edict · Issuer · Ordered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 93, passages 291-292
Pacified xinjiang and jinchuan
AD 1736 to AD 1795 高宗 · Military · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 8
Pardoned Yuanjun son
AD 1776 四十一年 · Legal · Authority · With Son of Song Yuanjun (宋元俊之子)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 66
Permitted truce
Diplomatic · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 218
Permitted western etiquette bestowed wine
AD 1793 乾隆季葉 · Diplomatic · Host · With Macartney (瑪戛爾)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 143-144
Personally ranked Ruan Yuan first and promoted him
AD 1790 逾年 · Examination · Ruler · With Ruan Yuan (阮元)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 6
Planned inner abdication and fixed crown prince escort
AD 1795 乾隆六十年九月 · Political · Ruler · With Jiaqing Emperor (嘉慶帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 121
Praised and promoted Liangzhu
Political · Ruler · With Ma Liangzhu (馬良柱)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 203
Praised and promoted
Political · Sovereign · With Pu Jibao (普吉保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 158
Praised and rewarded
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Appointing authority · With Chai Daji (柴大紀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 181
Praised Daxiong
Political · Ruler · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 169
Praised Guilin and bestowed jade ring
AD 1772 三十七年 · Political · Ruler · With Guilin (桂林)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 147
Presented Zhou bronzes to temple
Gift · Donor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 84
Promoted
AD 1787 十一月 · Political · Appointing authority · With Chai Daji (柴大紀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 189
Qianlong shixian additions
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆時憲 · Calendrical · Reign authority
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 115
Questioned in person
AD 1774 三十九年 · Legal · Interrogator · With Yu Minzhong (於敏中)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 219
Ranked Wang Jie first in palace exam
Political · Ruler · With Wang Jie (王杰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 7
Reassigned commands
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Appointing authority
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 188
Rebuked and demoted Yong Gui
AD 1777 乾隆四十二年 · Political · Ruler · With Yong Gui (永貴)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 83
Rebuked court ministers over rice policy
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 48
Rebuked He Shen for reckless recommendation
Political · Sovereign · With Heshen (和珅)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 45
Rebuked
Administrative · Sovereign · With Wulana (伍拉納)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 199
Recalled and reassigned
AD 1749 乾隆十四年 · Personnel · Sovereign · With Jishan (紀山)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 82
Recalled
AD 1755 to AD 1759 從征準噶爾…逐剿諸回部 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Erqi (瑚爾起)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 14
Referred Daxiong case
Legal · Authority · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 174
Refused destruction of Collected Emendations
AD 1791 五十六年 · Scholarly · Sovereign · With Peng Yuanrui (彭元瑞)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 58
Refused request
AD 1777 乾隆四十二年 · Political · Ruler · With San Bao (三寶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 15
Rejected Aertai proposal and ordered campaign
AD 1771 三十六年 · Military · Ruler · With Altai (阿爾泰)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 99, 102
Removed from office
AD 1788 明年 · Political · Sovereign · With Pu Jibao (普吉保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 170
Renamed county
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Ruler · At Zhuluo to Jiayi 諸羅為嘉義
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 190
Replaced general
AD 1787 八月 · Political · Appointing authority · With Fukang'an (福康安)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 185
Retained in post
Legal · Sovereign · With Ding Chaoxiong (丁朝雄)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 328, passage 196
Retained Kai Tai after recommended dismissal
AD 1750 十五年 · Legal · Authority · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 24, 26
Retained Kai Tai after second recommended dismissal
AD 1759 二十四年 · Legal · Authority · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 47
Reviewed criminal dossiers
Legal · Judge
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 101
down through the Jiaqing period conducted according to precedent 迄嘉慶間，皆如故事行
AD 1737 to AD 1820 迄嘉慶間 · Ritual · Sovereign · Reviews continued through jiaqing
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 231
Revised and renamed emperor ceremonial guard categories
AD 1748 乾隆十三年 · Institutional · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 9
Revised code eight or nine times
Legal · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 102
Revoked all remaining honors
AD 1776 四十一年 · Legal · Authority · With Wen Fu (溫福)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 219
Sacrificed at Tangzi
AD 1748 十三年十一月 · Ritual · Officiant · At Tangzi 堂子
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 109
Saw Cao aimed at He Shen
AD 1786 五十一年 · Political · Sovereign · With Cao Xibao (曹錫寶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 40
Seal bestowal completed halberd guard arrayed
AD 1796 嘉慶元年 · Ritual · Retired emperor · At Palace of Tranquil Longevity 寧壽宮
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 117
Seized Yang Yingju
Legal · Authority · With Yang Yingju (楊應琚)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 356, passage 215
Sent physicians and ginseng
AD 1779 四十四年 · Ritual · Bestower · With Yu Minzhong (於敏中)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 230
Settled legal institutions
Legal · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 16
Muslim regions settled and Zanla and Cujin pacified, each with grand ceremonies 底定回疆，討平攢拉促浸，皆遞舉盛儀
AD 1760 越五年 · Military · Sovereign · Settled muslim regions and suppressed zanla cujin
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 197
Southern tour ordered stone seawalls
AD 1779 乾隆四十四年 · Ritual · Ruler · At Zhejiang 浙江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 18
Southern tour
AD 1761 乾隆二十六年 · Travel · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 112
Southern tour
Travel · Ruler · At Qiantang Buddhist temple 錢塘僧寺
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 45
Specially granted palace exam
AD 1752 乾隆十七年 · Examination · Authority · With Liang Tongshu (梁同書)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 87
Stripped and demoted
AD 1771 三十六年 · Administrative · Authority · With Dong Tianbi (董天弼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 134
Stripped Guilin and sent Fulunga to investigate
AD 1772 三十七年 · Legal · Authority · With Guilin (桂林)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 156
Stripped Kai Tai and sent him to Yili
AD 1763 二十八年 · Legal · Authority · With Kai Tai (開泰)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 56, 63
Stripped of office
AD 1771 三十六年 · Administrative · Authority · With Altai (阿爾泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 133
Stripped Wu Dai and had Sebuteng arrested
AD 1772 三十七年 · Legal · Authority · With Wu Dai (伍岱)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 206
Dzungars suppressed; Dawachi and Lubuzangdanjin sent to the capital in caged carts; ceremonies twice in one year 剿平準噶爾，獲達瓦齊暨青海羅卜藏丹津，先後檻入。一歲中兩行斯典
AD 1755 二十年 · Military · Sovereign · Suppressed dzungars and received captives · With Dawachi (達瓦齊), Lubuzangdanjin (羅卜藏丹津)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 195-196
Took notice of Song Yun
AD 1736 to AD 1795 乾隆朝 · Administrative · Ruler · With Song Yun (松筠)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 342, passage 43
Toured
Travel · Principal · At Zhejiang 浙江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 111
Traced blame
Political · Blamer · With Yu Minzhong (於敏中)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 239
Turned horse back
Travel · Ruler · At Miyun 密雲
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 33
Urged relief and granted titles
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年 · Political · Appointing authority · With Chai Daji (柴大紀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 184
over six years the victory song was performed four times 先後六歲，凱歌四奏
AD 1755 to AD 1760 先後六歲 · Ritual · Sovereign · Victory songs four times
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 198
Visited
AD 1769 三月 · Travel · Ruler · At Tianjin 天津
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 229-230
Wept on reading death report
Ritual · Ruler · With Ren Ju (任舉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 123
Relation Bestowed gift on · Person Chen Mengshuo (陳夢說)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 336, passage 41
Relation Sovereign of · Person Gu Guangxu (顧光旭)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 336, passage 185
Relation Patron of · Person Fu Heng (傅恆)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 110, 150-151
Relation Sovereign of · Person Kai Tai (開泰)
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 326, passages 23, 26

Assessments and attributes

Assessment commended his zeal · About Person Id Yong Gui (永貴) · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 59
Assessment exaggeration and concealed disaster reports · About Person Id Yong Gui (永貴) · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 55
Assessment devoted attention to the people's hardships · About Person Id Shu Lin (書麟) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 343, passage 9
Assessment favoring Manchus and showing partiality · About Person Id San Bao (三寶) · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 320, passage 15
Assessment approved and commended Gu Guangxu's memorial · With Gu Guangxu (顧光旭) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 336, passage 185
Assessment censured Guilin for not ordering Yuanjun to seize Jinchuan · With Guilin (桂林) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 31

Show 14 more source-backed claims

Assessment compared Minzhong's favor with Yan Song while denying Qing ministers could usurp authority · Mode named-source-report Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · With Yan Song (嚴嵩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passages 240-243
Assessment deeply admired Wang Wenzhi's stele calligraphy · With Wang Wenzhi (王文治) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 45
Assessment denounced Yuanjun for treachery and ingratitude · With Song Yuanjun (宋元俊) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passage 46
Assessment found Wuleideng's account truthful · With Wuleideng (烏勒登) · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 232
Assessment gauged the moment and weighed the situation, settled on a plan and fixed their resolve; hearts suffered yet achievement was great · With Fu Qing (傅清) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 48
Assessment moved to tears by Daji's memorial; judged him unmatched by famous generals of old · Mode self-report Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 329, passages 197-199
Assessment pinnacle of grandeur · Mode named-source-report Source Work commentators of the time 時論
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 198
Assessment rebuked Alantai for requesting more troops and stirring trouble · Mode ruler-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 71
Assessment Shu Ming's planning sound; Alantai evasive and dilatory · Mode ruler-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 72
Assessment Sun Hao showed favoritism; Kai Tai shielded his protégé · With Sun Hao (孫灝) · Mode named-source-report Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 26
Assessment 性矜明察; meticulous and keenly discerning · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 101
AD 1744 乾隆九年
Item Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument 璣衡撫辰儀 · Relation Commissioned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 27, passage 7
Item Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument 璣衡撫辰儀 · Relation Made
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 7
Item Shrine of Twin Loyalty 雙忠 · Relation Founded · At the capital 京師
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 312, passage 53

Source notes

Historicity historical
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 194-195, 224
Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 105, passage 116; Draft History of Qing 301, passage 9; Draft History of Qing 311, passage 169; Draft History of Qing 319, passage 219; Draft History of Qing 329, passages 31, 104; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 123
Value historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 112, passage 182; Draft History of Qing 328, passage 158; Draft History of Qing 336, passage 185

References in the histories

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History

399 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 26Volume 26 Treatises 1: Astronomy 1, Celestial Phenomena, Earth Shape, and Terrestrial Distances · 3 passages

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高宗又以舊記星紀，間有疏漏，御製璣衡撫辰儀，重加測候。 Qianlong, finding gaps in older star catalogs, built the Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument and remeasured the sky.

乾隆六十年以後，國史無徵，則從闕焉。 After Qianlong 60 the Veritable Records offer no material, so the account stops there.

今以康熙年間實測各省及諸蒙古高度、偏度，並乾隆時憲所增省分，與回疆部落、兩金川土司等，晝夜永短，節氣早晚，推得高度、偏度備列焉。 Here Kangxi surveys, Qianlong additions, Xinjiang, and Jinchuan observations yield revised polar altitudes and longitudinal offsets.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 27Volume 27 Treatises 2: Astronomy 2, Astronomical Instruments · 1 passage

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乾隆九年，高宗御製璣衡撫辰儀，並安置臺上。 In Qianlong 9 the Qianlong emperor built the Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument and set it on the Observatory Terrace.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 91Volume 91 Treatises 66: Rites 10, Bin Li · 1 passage

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筵宴日，且親賜卮酒。 On the banquet day, the emperor personally bestowed a cup of wine.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 93Volume 93 Treatises 68: Rites 12, Xiong Li Er · 4 passages

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高宗諭曰：「永璉為朕嫡子，雖未冊立，已定建儲大計，其典禮應視皇太子行。」 The Qianlong Emperor decreed: "Yonglian was my son by the empress. Though he had not yet been installed as heir, the plan to make him successor was already settled; his funeral observances should follow those of a crown prince."

十三年，高宗嗣服，議定聖祖忌辰，依陵寢四時大祭，用太牢，獻帛爵，讀祝文，遣官承祭，陵寢官悉陪祀，罷遣京官往。 In the thirteenth year, when Qianlong succeeded, the Sagely Ancestor's anniversary was fixed to follow mausoleum four-season great sacrifices with full ox, silks, libation cups, and prayers; an official presided with all mausoleum officials assisting; capital officials were no longer dispatched.

逮至高宗初元，始獲追諡。 Only at the beginning of Qianlong did they receive posthumous titles.

乾隆四十年，高宗特旨允以獨子兼祧，於是始定兼祧例。 In the fortieth year of Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong issued a special edict allowing an only son to continue two ancestral lines, thereby establishing the precedent for dual-line succession.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 105Volume 105 Treatises 80: Carriages and Dress 4 · 2 passages

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太上皇鹵簿，原定無之。 The original regulations made no provision for a retired emperor's halberd guard.

嘉慶元年，因授璽禮成，陳太上皇鹵簿於寧壽宮。 In the first year of Jiaqing, after the seal-bestowal rite was completed, the retired emperor's halberd guard was arrayed at the Palace of Tranquil Longevity.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 111Volume 111 Treatises 86: Selection and Examinations 6, Kao Ji · 7 passages

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乾隆九年，帝慮部、院堂官有瞻徇情面濫列一等者，敕大學士驗看，慎重甄別，不稱一等者裁去。 In Qianlong 9 (1744), fearing ministry chiefs favored protégés with first-grade ratings, the emperor ordered grand ministers to verify nominations and strike unworthy candidates.

十七年，帝以「內、外大臣親自簡擢，隨時黜陟，奚待三年？ In Qianlong 17 (1752) the emperor declared: "I personally appoint and dismiss inner and outer ministers at will—why wait three years?

先是京堂官無甄敘例，乾隆十五年，帝以三品以上堂官，具本自陳，部、院司員，皆令引見，而四、五品京堂不在自陳之列，亦無引見之例，吏部、都察院考語無實，龍鍾庸劣者得姑容，才具優長者無由見。 Previously fourth- and fifth-rank metropolitan officials had no promotion review: third-rank and above submitted self-assessments and ministry staff were presented, but fourth- and fifth-rank officials were neither assessed nor presented; Board evaluations were perfunctory, mediocre officials were tolerated, and able ones had no chance to advance.

十八年，敕吏部開列三品京堂事實，親為裁奪。 In Qianlong 18 (1753) the emperor ordered the Board to submit factual records on third-rank metropolitan officials for his personal decision.

五十年，帝以保薦卓異，向分正附，未明定限制，易開徼幸之漸。 In Qianlong 50 (1785) the emperor noted that primary and supplementary outstanding nominations lacked clear limits, encouraging opportunism.

乾隆二十四年，帝以八法參本內不謹、浮躁官，未將何事不謹、何事浮躁、一一聲敘，或有公事無誤而節目闊疏，才具有為而氣質粗率，上司以意見不洽，概登白簡，不無可惜。 In Qianlong 24 (1759) the emperor noted that careless and frivolous impeachments often lacked specifics; some capable officials were impeached for procedural looseness or coarse manner, or because superiors disliked them—wasteful of talent.

十五年，以各省所保總兵官鮮當意，諭曰：「年滿千總一項，類多猥瑣。 In Qianlong 15 (1750), because nominated regional commanders rarely satisfied the emperor, an edict declared: "Battalion commanders completing tenure are mostly petty and trivial.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 112Volume 112 Treatises 87: Selection and Examinations 7, Juan Na · 1 passage

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三十五年，帝念降革留任人員，因公處分，輒停升轉，詔許捐復。 In Qianlong 35, mindful that demoted-and-retained officials were often blocked from promotion for public-business punishments, the emperor decreed permitting restoration by purchase.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 142Volume 142 Treatises 117: Penal Law 1 · 2 passages

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高宗運際昌明，一代法制，多所裁定。 When Gaozong's reign coincided with a flourishing age, many of the legal institutions of that generation were definitively settled.

高宗臨御六十年，性矜明察，每閱讞牘，必求其情罪曲當，以萬變不齊之情，欲御以萬變不齊之例。 The Qianlong Emperor reigned for sixty years. By nature meticulous and keenly discerning, he scrutinized every criminal case that came before him, insisting that the facts and the sentence fit together justly. He sought to meet the infinite variety of human circumstances with an equally varied body of legal precedent.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 271Volume 271 Biographies 58: Xu Qianxue, Wang Hongxu, Gao Shiqi · 1 passage

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乾隆四十三年，國史館進鴻緒傳，髙宗命以郭琇劾疎載入，使後世知鴻緒輩罪狀。 In Qianlong 43 the Historiographical Institute submitted his biography; the Qianlong Emperor ordered Guo Xiu's impeachment memorial appended so posterity would know Wang Hongxu's offenses.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 283Volume 283 Biographies 70: Jue Luo Wu Mo Ne, Shu Lan, Tu Li Chen, He Guozong · 5 passages

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乾隆四十七年，高宗命侍衛阿彌達詣西寧祭河神，再窮河源。 In Qianlong 47 the Gaozong Emperor sent bodyguard Amita to Xining to sacrifice to the river god and once more trace the Yellow River to its source.

高宗命四庫館諸臣輯河源紀略識其事。 The emperor ordered Siku scholars to compile the He Yuan Ji Lue to document the discovery.

高宗即位，授內閣學士，遷工部侍郎。 When Qianlong acceded he was made grand secretary and vice minister of the Board of Works.

高宗既定準噶爾，乾隆二十一年，命國宗偕侍衛努克三、哈清阿率欽天監西洋人往伊犁，自巴里坤分西北兩路，測天度繪圖。 After Qianlong pacified Dzungaria, in Qianlong 21 Guozong was sent with bodyguards Nukesan and Haqing'a to lead Astronomical Bureau Europeans to Ili; from Barkol they split into northwest and southwest routes to measure latitude and survey maps.

國宗以明算事聖祖，又幸老壽，迨高宗朝，詣新疆測繪。 Guozong, expert in calculation, served the Sacred Ancestor and lived to great age; under Qianlong he went to Xinjiang to survey and map.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 287Volume 287 Biographies 74: Tong Guo Wei, Ma Qi, A Ling A, Kui Xu, E Lundai · 1 passage

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乾隆四年，病篤，高宗諭謂馬齊歷相三朝，年逾大耋，舉朝大臣未有及者，命和親王及皇長子視疾。 In Qianlong year 4, gravely ill, Emperor Gaozong said Ma Qi had served as chief minister through three reigns, was past great old age, and no court minister matched him; he ordered the Prince of He and the eldest imperial son to visit him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 300Volume 300 Biographies 87: Chen Qi Yuan, He Shijian, Tang Jizu, Ma Weihan, Yu Dian, Wang Yezi, Liu Erwei · 2 passages

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高宗即位，起江西驛鹽道副使。 When the Qianlong Emperor took the throne, Qiyuan was recalled as vice commissioner of the Jiangxi courier-and-salt circuit.

高宗即位，赦詔至，時目已失明，令吏誦案牘，諦聽，得邀赦典者，立出之而後上陳。 When the Qianlong Emperor took the throne, an amnesty arrived; though Shijian was by then completely blind, he had clerks read case files aloud and listened carefully—any prisoner eligible for amnesty he released immediately before reporting upward.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 301Volume 301 Biographies 88: Ne Qin, Fu Heng, Fu Ling An, Fu Long An, Fu Long An, Feng Shenjilun, Fu Chang An · 27 passages

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高宗即位，莊親王允祿、果親王允禮、鄂爾泰、張廷玉輔政，號「總理王大臣」。 When the Qianlong Emperor took the throne, Prince Zhuang Yunlu, Prince Guo Yunli, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu formed the regency styled the 'Chief Ministers in General Affairs.'

迨高宗，恩眷尤厚。 Under Qianlong his favor was especially deep.

十三年三月，孝賢純皇后從上南巡，還至德州崩，傅恆扈行，典喪儀。 In March 1748 Empress Xiaoxianchun accompanied the emperor on a southern tour and died at Dezhou on the return; Fu Heng had accompanied the journey and directed the mourning rites.

十一月，師行，上詣堂子告察，遣皇子及大學士來保等送至良鄉。 In November the army marched; the emperor sacrificed at the Tangzi and sent princes and Grand Secretary Lai Bao to escort Fu Heng to Liangxiang.

傅恆既行，上日降手詔褒勉。 After Fu Heng left, the emperor sent him personal edicts of praise each day.

傅恆道陝西，言驛政不修誤軍興，上命協辦大學士尚書尹繼善攝陝西總督，主饋運。 Passing through Shaanxi, Fu Heng reported that bad courier service was hindering the army; Yin Jishan was ordered to act as Shaanxi governor-general and handle supply.

入四川境，馬不給，上又命尹繼善往來川、陝督察。 In Sichuan horses were scarce; Yin Jishan was again ordered to supervise between Sichuan and Shaanxi.

上聞，賜雙眼孔雀翎，复固辭。 On hearing this the emperor gave him a double-eyed peacock feather, which Fu Heng again declined.

事聞，上褒傅恆明斷，命拜前賜雙眼孔雀翎，毋更固辭。 The emperor praised Fu Heng's decisiveness and told him to accept the peacock feather he had earlier refused.

上以金川非大敵，勞師兩載，誅大臣，失良將，內不懌。 The emperor thought Jinchuan no great foe, yet two years of war had cost ministers' lives and good generals, and he was displeased.

上以金川水土惡，賜傅恆人蓡三斤，並及諸將有差，屢詔召傅恆還。 He sent Fu Heng ginseng and rewards for the generals and repeatedly recalled him, citing Jinchuan's foul climate.

並力辭封賞，上不允，手詔謂：「匈奴未滅，無以家為，乃驃姚武人銳往之概。 He also refused honors; the emperor refused to accept and wrote: 'Until the Xiongnu are destroyed there is no home—that was Huo Qubing's spirit.

上復為賦詩，阿里袞感瘴而病，改將水師，旋卒。 The emperor wrote another poem; Aligun took miasma fever, switched to the fleet, and soon died.

傅恆以入告，上命罷兵，召傅恆還京。 Fu Heng reported the losses; the emperor ended the campaign and recalled him.

上令即馳驛還，而以軍事付阿桂。 The emperor ordered him home by relay post and left the army to Agui.

會緬甸酋懵駁遣頭人諾爾塔齎蒲葉書乞罷兵，傅恆奏入，上許其行成。 The Burmese chief Meng Bo sent Nuoerta with a palm-leaf plea for peace; Fu Heng reported it and the emperor agreed to truce.

上手詔謂：「用兵非得已，如以為非是，朕當首任其過。 The emperor wrote: 'War is never chosen lightly; if it was wrong, I should bear the blame.

十月，傅恆還駐虎踞關，上命傅恆會雲貴總督彰寶議減雲南總兵、知府員缺，釐正州縣舊制。 In the tenth month Fu Heng garrisoned Huju Pass and met Governor Zhang Bao to reform Yunnan's military and civil posts.

三月，上幸天津，傅恆朝行在。 In the third month the emperor went to Tianjin and Fu Heng attended him on the journey.

既而緬甸酋謝罪表久不至，上謂傅恆方病，不忍治其罪。 When Burma's apology lagged, the emperor spared Fu Heng because he was ill.

七月，卒，上親臨其第酹酒，命喪葬視宗室鎮國公，諡文忠。 In the seventh month he died; the emperor poured libation at his house, gave him a prince's funeral, and posthumous title Wenzhong.

其後上复幸天津，念傅恆於此復命，又經傅恆墓賜奠，皆紀以詩。 Later visits to Tianjin and offerings at Fu Heng's tomb were all remembered in the emperor's poems.

傅恆直軍機處二十三年，日侍左右，以勤慎得上眷。 For twenty-three years Fu Heng served on the Grand Council at the emperor's side and won favor by diligence.

故事，軍機處諸臣不同入見，乾隆初，惟訥親承旨。 By precedent councillors did not all attend together; early in Qianlong only Neqin took edicts.

上晚膳後有所諮訪，又召傅恆獨對，時謂之「晚面」。 After supper the emperor still summoned Fu Heng alone for consultation—the 'evening audience.'

上倚傅恆為重臣，然偶有小節疏失，即加以戒約。 The emperor relied on Fu Heng but admonished even small slips.

卒時未五十，上尤惜之。 He was not yet fifty when he died, and the emperor mourned him deeply.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 311Volume 311 Biographies 98: Ha Pan Long, Ren Ju, Ye Da Xiong, Ma Liangzhu, Ben Jin Zhong, Liu Shun · 9 passages

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十二年，命徵金川，隸總督張廣泗軍。 In Qianlong 12 (1747), he was ordered to campaign against Jinchuan under Governor-General Zhang Guangsi.

十三年，上諭謂：「在軍諸將狃於瞻對之役，庸懦欺矇，已成夙習。 In year thirteen the emperor declared: "The commanders in the field, spoiled by the Zhandui campaign, have made timidity and double-dealing a fixed habit.

時上方命舉真除，經略大學士訥親以舉死事聞，上閱疏為泣下，並諭：「舉忠憤激發，甘死如飴，而朕以小丑跳梁，用良臣於危地，思之深惻！」 The emperor had just ordered Ju's formal appointment when Commissioner-General Neqin reported his death in battle; reading the memorial, the emperor wept and declared: "Ju, roused by loyal wrath, met death as gladly as sweetness — yet I, over trifling rebels in revolt, put a good man in mortal danger; the thought wounds me deeply!"

承恩喪終入謝，上以尚幼，命傳諭其母善教之。 When Chengen came to court after mourning, the emperor, finding him still young, sent word to his mother to raise him with care.

上嘉其留心。 The emperor praised his careful attention to the matter.

上以大雄知事不可揜乃始奏劾，左授哈密總兵。 Because Daxiong had known of the affair yet reported and impeached only when it could no longer be hidden, the emperor demoted him to regional commander of Hami.

上以大雄疏不實，下部議； Finding Daxiong's report inaccurate, the emperor referred the case to the ministry for adjudication.

三十二年，上以綠營世職不得世襲罔替，下兵部察諸將有功者，俟襲次畢，賜恩騎尉世襲罔替，大雄與焉。 In Qianlong 32 (1767), because Green Standard hereditary offices could not pass in perpetuity, the emperor ordered the Board of War to review meritorious officers and, once their prescribed successions ended, grant their lines the perpetual hereditary rank of Commandant of Grace Cavalry; Daxiong was among them.

三十年，從將軍明瑞徵緬甸，進攻蠻結，克木卡十六，殪賊三，傷額，明日，仍裹創出戰。 In the thirtieth year of Qianlong (1765) he followed General Ming Rui against Burma, attacked Manjie, took sixteen wooden palisades, killed three rebels, was wounded in the forehead, and fought again the next day still bandaged.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 312Volume 312 Biographies 99: Fu Qing, La Bu Dun, Ban Di, E Rongan, Na Mu Zha Er, San Tai · 15 passages

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上諭傅清曰：「頗羅鼐更事多，黽勉事中國。 The emperor wrote to Fu Qing: "Polhané was seasoned in affairs and served the dynasty with steady diligence.

上命與珠爾默特那木札勒商榷，毋涉張皇。 The emperor told him to consult Gyurmé Namgyal and to avoid any show of alarm.

珠爾默特那木札勒請撤留藏兵，上從之。 Gyurmé Namgyal asked that the garrison troops in Tibet be withdrawn, and the emperor agreed.

上知珠爾默特那木札勒乖戾且為亂，命駐藏大臣復舊置二員，予傅清都統銜，自固原復往。 Seeing that Gyurmé Namgyal was defiant and heading toward rebellion, the emperor restored the two-man commission in Tibet, gave Fu Qing commander-in-chief rank, and sent him back from Guyuan.

紀山复疏謂珠爾默特那木札勒言其兄珠爾默特策布登將舉兵相攻，上命傅清途中诇虛實。 Jishan also reported Gyurmé Namgyal's claim that his brother Gyurmé Tseten was about to attack him. The emperor told Fu Qing to verify the story on the road to Lhasa.

是時上已遣侍郎拉布敦代紀山，因諭傅清，珠爾默特那木札勒乖戾且為亂，令熟計密奏。 The emperor had already dispatched Vice Minister Labdon to replace Jishan. He told Fu Qing that Gyurmé Namgyal was treacherous and likely to rebel, and ordered him to plan carefully and report in confidence.

上命副都統班第赴西藏，與傅清、拉布敦密謀取進止，仍詔傅清、拉布敦毋輕發，並密諭四川總督策楞勒兵為備。 The emperor sent Deputy Commander Bandi to Tibet to confer secretly with Fu Qing and Labdon on how to proceed, while also warning them not to strike prematurely and privately ordering Sichuan Governor Celeng to ready his forces.

事聞，上軫悼，宣示始末，謂其「揆幾審勢，決計定謀，心苦而功大」。 When word reached the throne the emperor mourned them and published the full story, praising them for "reading the moment, weighing the odds, settling on a plan, and fixing their resolve—hearts wrung with hardship, yet a great service done."

喪還，上臨奠。 When the coffin returned to the capital the emperor came in person to mourn.

上复降詔褒傅清、拉布敦，建祠京師，命曰雙忠。 The emperor issued another edict honoring Fu Qing and Labdon, built a shrine in the capital, and named it the Shrine of Twin Loyalty.

未終歲，上徵紀山還，復命赴藏。 Before the year was out the emperor recalled Jishan and ordered Labdon back to Tibet.

上聞，贈爵、賜金、立祠如傅清。 On hearing the news the emperor granted posthumous honors, bestowed gold, and ordered a shrine built as he had for Fu Qing.

剿鎮筸、永綏亂苗，兩閱月而畢，上嘉焉。 He put down the Miao revolts in Zhenqian and Yongsui within two months, and the emperor commended him.

時訥親、張廣泗師久無功，上諮班第，但言廣泗罪狀，語不及訥親。 Neqin and Zhang Guangsi had campaigned for months without success. When the emperor questioned Bandi, he cited only Zhang Guangsi's faults and said nothing about Neqin.

上諭曰：「班第雖職餉，然為本兵軍機大臣，軍事及將弁功罪，皆職掌所在，不得以督餉，一切置不問。」 The emperor replied: "Bandi may supervise provisions, but as Minister of War and Grand Councilor he is responsible for military operations and for the merit or blame of every officer. He cannot ignore those duties simply because he oversees supply lines."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 315Volume 315 Biographies 102: Gao Tianxi, E Shi, San Ge, He Qi, Tang Kalu, A Min Dao, Man Fu, Dou Bin, Duan Ji Bu, Nuo Er Ben · 32 passages

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乾隆二十二年，副將軍兆惠擊伊犁，天喜從參將邁斯漢赴援。 In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign, when Deputy General-in-Chief Zhaohui marched against Ili, Tianxi went as a subordinate of Colonel Maisihan to reinforce him.

巴里坤辦事大臣雅爾哈善以聞，上即奪邁斯漢官以命天喜。 Yarghashi, the minister resident at Barkul, reported the matter to the throne, and the emperor at once removed Maisihan from office and put Tianxi in command.

上賦詩惜之。 The emperor composed a poem lamenting his death.

上手詔詰責曰：「若謂地險，賊何以能行？ The emperor sent a personal edict of rebuke: "If the ground is too dangerous, how do the rebels manage to cross it?

上謂：「今當大雪，馬力應疲乏，尚能勦賊。 The emperor remarked, "There is heavy snow now, and the horses ought to be exhausted—yet you were still able to rout the rebels.

死事，上令仍視前鋒統領賜卹，諡果壯。 He died in action. The emperor ordered that he receive the condolence grants due a vanguard commander and honored him posthumously with the title Guozhuang.

死事，上命仍視副都統賜卹，諡剛勇。 He died in action. The emperor ordered that he receive the condolence grants due a vice commander and honored him posthumously with the title Gangyong.

乾隆十九年，命與侍衛海福將千人佐定西將軍永常討達瓦齊，遷寧夏將軍。 In the nineteenth year of the Qianlong reign he was ordered, together with imperial bodyguard Haifu, to lead a thousand men in support of Pacification-of-the-West General Yongchang's campaign against Dawachi, and was promoted to general at Ningxia.

永常劾和起兵不及額，而和起先疏言將九百人以往，留百人護輜重，上得永常疏，不之罪也。 Yongchang impeached He Qi for bringing fewer troops than required, but He Qi had already reported that he would advance with nine hundred men and leave a hundred to guard the baggage train. When the emperor read Yongchang's memorial, he declined to punish He Qi.

達什達瓦所屬宰桑訥默庫、曼集、烏達瑚們都等在軍私還游牧，命和起嚴鞫得實，以降人請予寬典，上不許，命正軍法。 The zaisangs Nemuku, Manji, Udahundu, and others under Dashdawa had slipped away from the army to return to their pastures. He Qi was ordered to investigate the matter rigorously and established the facts beyond dispute. Surrendered tribesmen pleaded for leniency, but the emperor refused and ordered them dealt with under military law.

乾隆十九年，賜副都統銜，命赴北路軍董理新降輝特台吉阿睦爾撒納、班珠爾等游牧地。 In the nineteenth year of the Qianlong reign he received the brevet rank of vice commander and was sent to the northern army to oversee the pastures of the newly surrendered Khoyit taijis Amursana, Banzhur, and others.

上以距耕時尚遠，責其瑣屑，命撤還。 The emperor replied that the planting season was still far off, rebuked him for fussing over trifles, and ordered him recalled.

上責其不當，左遷理籓院筆帖式。 The emperor rebuked him for overstepping his authority and demoted him to clerk in the Court of Colonial Affairs.

杜爾伯特游牧請移烏蘭固木：上並從其請。 and relocating Durbot pastures to Ulan Gom—the emperor approved every request.

遣兵攻之輝巴朗山，擒阿喇善等，並戮烏梁海五十餘戶，遂赴塔爾巴哈台逐捕阿睦爾撒納及哈薩克錫喇，賜御用荷包、鼻煙壺。 He sent troops against them at Huibolang Mountain, captured Alashan and others, and executed more than fifty Uriankhai households besides. He then pressed on to Tarbagatai in pursuit of Amursana and Kazakh Xila and was rewarded with an imperial purse and snuff bottle from the emperor's own hand.

師至塔爾巴哈台，糧罄馬乏，唐喀祿引師退，疏言遵旨撤兵，上怒，左授藍翎侍衛，佐定邊左副將軍納穆扎爾出北路。 When the army reached Tarbagatai, provisions ran out and the horses were exhausted. Tang Kalu withdrew the force and memorialized that he was obeying orders to pull back. The emperor was furious, demoted him to blue-plume imperial bodyguard, and sent him to assist Pacification Left Deputy General-in-Chief Namuzhar on the northern route.

降人和碩齊，上擢用至散秩大臣，至是令護哈薩克來使入邊，上命納穆扎爾遣唐喀祿將二百人迎之。 Among the surrendered leaders was Khoshuuchi, whom the emperor had promoted as far as minister without portfolio. He was now ordered to escort the Kazakh envoy across the border, and the emperor directed Namuzhar to send Tang Kalu with two hundred men to meet him.

阿睦爾撒納竄俄羅斯，上命唐喀祿偕和碩齊駐額爾齊斯偵禦。 When Amursana fled into Russia, the emperor ordered Tang Kalu and Khoshuuchi to hold the Irtysh line on reconnaissance and defense.

二十三年三月，土爾扈特舍棱等謀走俄羅斯，上命偕和碩齊逐捕。 In the third month of the twenty-third year, when the Torghut Shelen and others plotted to flee to Russia, the emperor ordered Tang Kalu and Khoshuuchi to pursue and capture them.

乾隆元年，準噶爾乞和，撤軍，阿敏道還京，授鑲藍旗察哈爾總管。 In the first year of the Qianlong reign the Zunghars sued for peace and the army withdrew. A Mindao returned to the capital and was appointed commander of the Chahar Bordered Blue Banner.

上奪永常官，以策楞代將。 The emperor removed Yongchang from office and put Celeng in command.

策楞不即遣，上詰責之。 Celeng did not send him at once, and the emperor rebuked him for the delay.

二十二年，上諭諸將檄霍集占送阿敏道還，不從，謀加害。 In the twenty-second year the emperor ordered the generals to demand Khojijaha's return of A Mindao. Khojijaha refused and plotted to kill him.

乾隆二十二年，遷都統，駐巴里坤。 In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign he was promoted to commander-in-chief and stationed at Barkul.

沙拉斯、嗎唬斯既降复叛，掠台站，上命滿福自阿勒輝往剿，又令巴里坤辦事大臣阿里袞帥師與會。 Shalasi and Mahusi had surrendered but rebelled again and raided the courier stations. The emperor ordered Man Fu to move from Alehui against them and directed minister resident at Barkul Arigun to bring troops to join the operation.

上以滿福雖為賊所愚，愍其捐軀，命如陣亡例議卹，諡武毅，祀昭忠祠，圖形紫光閣。 Though Man Fu had been fooled by the rebels, the emperor pitied his sacrifice and ordered condolence grants on the same terms as for death in battle. He was posthumously honored with the title Wuyi, enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty, and portrayed in the Hall of Purple Splendor.

乾隆初，累遷提督，自廣東移廣西。 Early in the Qianlong reign he rose to provincial commander, transferring from Guangdong to Guangxi.

上製詩惜之。 The emperor composed a poem lamenting his death.

乾隆二十二年，上令選兵千佐定邊將軍兆惠出西路。 In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign the emperor ordered a thousand picked troops to assist Pacification General Zhaohui on the western route.

上懲端濟布惟事姑息，命靖逆將軍雅爾哈善按治。 The emperor, angered that Duanjibu had been too indulgent, ordered Pacification General Yarghashi to investigate and discipline him.

上聞，命貸端濟布罪。 When word reached the court, the emperor ordered Duanjibu's offense pardoned.

賊逃入蘇巴什山，复偕齊努渾入山搜戮：溫詔嘉焉。 the survivors fled into Subashi Mountain. He entered the mountains again with Qinuhun to hunt them down, and the emperor warmly praised him in an edict.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 316Volume 316 Biographies 103: Hu Er Qi, Ai Long A, Ba Linga, Shu Ming, Fu Lu, Qi Likeqi, Yan Xiangshi, Yi Zhu, Nu San, Wu Leideng · 23 passages

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上命瑚爾起偕鄂實、三格副哈寧阿，將千人駐濟爾哈朗、巴里坤適中地，捕琿齊及沙喇斯、瑪呼斯部眾。 The emperor ordered Hu Erqi, together with Eshi and Sange assisting Haning'a, to take a thousand men and garrison the midpoint between Jierhalang and Barkol to capture Hunchi and the bands of Shalasi and Mahusi.

上以索倫兵從征久，召瑚爾起及副都統鄂博什率以還，瑚爾起等仍請從軍。 Because the Solon troops had been on campaign so long, the emperor recalled Hu Erqi and Vice Commandant Eboshi to lead them home, but Hu Erqi and his men still asked to stay with the army.

上獎諭，即授正白旗蒙古副都統。 The emperor praised him in edict and at once appointed him Mongol vice commandant of the Plain White Banner.

上賦博羅齊行紀事，賜瑚爾起雲騎尉世職。 The emperor composed a narrative poem on the Bo'erqi campaign and granted Hu Erqi a hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captaincy.

上命瑚爾起以副都統為呼倫貝爾總管，董其事。 The emperor ordered Hu Erqi, while retaining his vice commandant rank, to serve as commander of Hulun Buir and oversee the project.

上為賦回纛行，獎其能戰。 The emperor composed a poem on the return of the standard and praised their prowess in battle.

上授愛隆阿參贊大臣，令與定邊右副將軍富德援兆惠。 The emperor appointed Ai Long'a campaign counselor and ordered him, with Pacification of the Frontier Right Vice General Fu De, to relieve Zhao Hui.

敕參贊大臣阿蘭泰往捕治，阿蘭泰請益兵，上責其紛擾。 The emperor ordered campaign counselor Alantai to go and capture him; when Alantai asked for more troops, the emperor rebuked him for stirring up trouble.

訥默庫就擒，上以舒明籌策得宜，而阿蘭泰推諉遲誤，奪阿蘭泰三等男爵畀舒明。 When Nemuku was captured, the emperor found Shu Ming's planning sound but Alantai evasive and dilatory; he stripped Alantai of his third-class baronage and gave it to Shu Ming.

噶勒雜特宰桑根敦降，上授佐領，使與丹畢游牧同處。 When the Galazat zaisang Genden submitted, the emperor made him assistant banner commander and had him pasture together with Danbi.

都爾伯特台吉伯什阿噶什、烏巴什降，上授伯什阿噶什親王、烏巴什貝子，游牧額爾齊斯，舒明為陳請留屯哈達青吉勒。 When the Dorbet taiji Boshigashi and Ubashi submitted, the emperor made Boshigashi a prince and Ubashi a beise, with pasture on the Irtysh; Shu Ming memorialized asking that they remain garrisoned at Hadaqingjile.

策淩烏巴什、巴圖博羅特及達瑪林等部眾貧甚，疏請賑，上為發米六百石。 The followers of Tsewang Ubashi, Batubolot, Damalin, and others were desperately poor; he memorialized for relief, and the emperor issued six hundred piculs of grain.

上聞和托輝特青滾雜卜將叛，命舒明诇之。 When the emperor heard that the Khotogoid Chinggunjab was about to rebel, he ordered Shu Ming to investigate.

上命侍衛巴寧阿勒泰將三百人為舒明佐。 The emperor ordered bodyguard Baning'altai to lead three hundred men to assist Shu Ming.

上命福祿偕策布登札布以兵堵霍集占竄俄羅斯路。 The emperor ordered Fu Lu, together with Tsebudunjab, to block Huojizhan's escape route into Russia.

上巡浙江，福祿督駐防兵肄武，制閱武詩獎之。 During the emperor's tour of Zhejiang, Fu Lu supervised the garrison in military drill, and the emperor composed an inspection poem to reward him.

上命屯田烏魯木齊。 The emperor ordered garrison farming at Urumqi.

師還，上御豐澤園宴勞，賜伊柱緞十二、白金五百。 When the army returned, the emperor feasted the troops at Fengze Garden and granted Yizhu twelve bolts of silk and five hundred taels of white silver.

伊柱復出領屯田，為置台守望，疏渠灌溉，農隙督佃伐木作屋以居，上諭令加意開拓。 Yizhu went out again to lead garrison farming, set up courier stations for guard duty, dredged irrigation canals, and in farming intervals had tenants cut timber and build houses; the emperor instructed him to press on with development.

努三獲逃人特赫拜哈都，未聞上。 Nusan captured the fugitive Tekebai Hadu but did not report it to the emperor.

上詰責努三、烏勒登，下定北將軍班第等按治。 The emperor rebuked Nusan and Wuleideng and ordered Pacification of the North General Bandi and others to investigate and punish them.

努三、烏勒登自陳收牲畜匿以自私事始薩賴爾，上以薩賴爾新降，不知法度，責努三等不得以此諉過。 Nusan and Wuleideng admitted that the seizure and concealment of livestock for private gain had begun with Salai'er; the emperor held that Salai'er had only recently submitted and did not know the regulations, and rebuked Nusan and the others for trying to shift the blame onto him.

上以其言實，貸死，授三等侍衛，在乾清門行走。 The emperor found his account truthful, commuted the death sentence, appointed him third-class bodyguard, and ordered him to serve at the Gate of Heavenly Purity.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 319Volume 319 Biographies 106: Yu Minzhong, He Shen Son: Feng Shenyinde, Younger Brother: He Lin, Su Linga · 12 passages

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上面詰，敏中引罪，詔切責之曰：「內廷諸臣與內監交涉，一言及私，即當據實奏聞。 The emperor questioned him in person; Minzhong confessed guilt, and an edict sternly rebuked him, saying, "When inner-court ministers deal with eunuchs, if a single word touches private affairs, they must report it truthfully to the throne.

既而浙江巡撫王亶望以貪敗，上追咎敏中。 Later Zhejiang Governor Wang Tanwang was ruined by corruption, and the emperor traced blame back to Minzhong.

會加恩中外大臣，加太子太保，充經筵講官。 At the time the emperor was extending favor to ministers at court and abroad. He Shen was given the title Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and appointed lecturer at the imperial lectures.

五十一年，御史曹錫寶劾和珅家奴劉全奢僭，造屋踰制，帝察其欲劾和珅，不敢明言，故以家人為由。 In the fifty-first year Censor Cao Xibao impeached He Shen's household slave Liu Quan for arrogating prerogatives and building houses in violation of regulations. The emperor saw that Cao really wished to impeach He Shen himself but dared not say so openly, and so used the household member as his pretext.

部員湛露擢廣信知府，上見其年幼，不勝方面，斥和珅濫保。 Ministry clerk Zhan Lu was promoted to prefect of Guangxin. The emperor saw that he was young and unfit for a regional post and rebuked He Shen for reckless recommendation.

廷臣遷就原議，上並切責之。 Court ministers went along with the original proposal, and the emperor sharply rebuked them all.

上八旬萬壽，命和珅偕尚書金簡專司慶典事。 For the emperor's eightieth birthday, He Shen and Minister Jin Jian were ordered to manage the celebration affairs exclusively.

內閣學士尹壯圖疏論各省庫藏空虛，上為動色，和珅請即命壯圖往勘各省庫，以侍郎慶成監之。 Academician Yin Zhuangtu memorialized that the provincial treasuries were empty. The emperor was visibly moved. He Shen requested that Yin Zhuangtu be sent at once to inspect the treasuries of every province, with Vice Minister Qing Cheng supervising.

和珅嫉之，毀元瑞所編不善，且言非天子不考文。 He Shen envied this. He slandered Yuanrui's compilation as poor and further said that only the Son of Heaven may emend texts.

上曰：「書為御定，何得目為私書耶？」 The emperor said, "The book was imperially approved—how can it be called a private work?"

和珅乃使人撰考文提要舉正以攻之，冒為己作進上，訾提要不便士子，請銷毀，上不許。 He Shen then had others compose emendations against the Collected Emendations, passed them off as his own work and presented them to the throne, criticized the Collected Emendations as inconvenient for students, and requested their destruction. The emperor did not permit it.

又廷試武舉發策，上命檢實錄。 Also, at the military metropolitan examination he drafted the policy questions, and the emperor ordered verification against the Veritable Records.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 320Volume 320 Biographies 107: San Bao, Yong Gui, Cai Xin, Cheng Jingyi, Liang Guozhi, Ying Lian, Peng Yuanrui, Ji Yun, Lu Xixiong, Lu Feichi · 23 passages

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二十六年，上幸熱河，坐蹕路不修，命以道銜駐哈密。 In Qianlong 26, while the emperor was at Rehe, San Bao was punished for neglecting repairs along the imperial route and was sent to Hami with intendant's rank.

上以偏護滿洲，顯分軒輊，拒不允。 The emperor judged that he was favoring Manchus and showing clear partiality, and refused.

浙江海塘自老鹽倉以上皆柴塘，上南巡，諭改築石塘。 Above Laoyancang the Zhejiang coast was protected by wattled seawalls; during his southern tour the emperor ordered them replaced with stone dikes.

會上亦降旨令留柴塘為重關保障，與三寶議合。 The emperor then ordered that the wattled dikes be retained as a second line of defense, in agreement with San Bao's plan.

巡撫王亶望以贓敗，三寶坐未舉劾，部議當奪職，上命留任。 When Governor Wang Tanwang fell in a corruption scandal, San Bao was faulted for not having impeached him; although the ministry recommended dismissal, the emperor kept him in office.

四十九年，扈蹕熱河，以疾還京師。 In Qianlong 49 he escorted the emperor to Rehe, then returned to Beijing because of illness.

為直隸布政使時，高宗幸熱河，至密雲，值大霖雨，水盛漲。 While he was Zhili administration commissioner, the Qianlong Emperor traveled to Rehe; at Miyun torrential rain had swollen the rivers.

上欲策騎亂流渡，三寶諫曰：「千金之子，坐不垂堂。 The emperor meant to ride through the churning current; San Bao remonstrated: "A man of priceless worth does not court danger under a crumbling eave.

今以萬乘輕狎波濤，使禦駟有失，臣等雖萬段，何可追悔？」 If Your Majesty, lord of ten thousand chariots, treats the flood lightly and the imperial horses come to grief, though we servants be torn limb from limb, what remedy would there be?"

上曰：「滿洲舊俗宜親習勞勚，顧不可耶？」 The emperor said: "Manchu custom calls for sharing hardship firsthand—surely that is fitting?"

三寶復曰：「上方奉太后乘輿同臨幸，即上渡河安便，不識奉太后何所？」 San Bao replied: "Your Majesty is traveling with the empress dowager's carriage; even if the crossing is safe for you, how is the empress dowager to cross?"

上動容，為之回轡。 The emperor was moved and turned his horse back.

總督喀爾吉善再劾，上為奪洪銓職。 Governor-General Ka'erjishan joined the impeachment, and the emperor dismissed Hongquan.

御史範廷楷因劾永貴瞻徇，上難其代，命寬之。 Censor Fan Tingkai then impeached Yong Gui for partiality; the emperor was reluctant to replace him and ordered the matter set aside.

上責其張皇，既又聞永貴陳災狀有所諱飾，乃命奪職，赴北路軍董理糧餉。 The emperor rebuked him for exaggeration; learning later that Yong Gui had glossed over the disaster reports, he stripped him of office and sent him to manage provisions on the northern campaign.

永貴既抵巴里坤，具以軍事上聞，上嘉其奮勉，予三等輕車都尉世職，令從兆惠自額林沁畢爾罕進兵。 On reaching Barkol Yong Gui reported fully on the campaign; the emperor commended his zeal, granted a hereditary third-rank commandery chariot captaincy, and ordered him to advance with Zhaohui from Elinqin Bi'erhan.

上責永貴市恩，削職奪花翎，令以三品頂帶赴烏什辦事。 The emperor accused Yong Gui of trading favors, stripped his rank and peacock feather, and sent him to Ush with a third-rank cap.

永貴如葉爾羌，訊得實，聞上。 Yong Gui went to Yarkand, confirmed the charges, and reported to the throne.

上為誅高樸，手詔嘉永貴持正，並謂：「永貴罪不至貶。 The emperor executed Gao Pu and wrote personally to praise Yong Gui's integrity, adding: "Yong Gui's offense did not warrant demotion.

高宗崩，伊江阿因奏事附書和珅勸節哀。 After the Qianlong Emperor's death, Yijiang'a attached to a routine memorial a note urging Heshen to moderate his mourning.

即家命為上書房總師傅，辭，高宗諭之曰：「非令汝即來供職，待後日耳。」 At home he was named chief tutor of the Upper Study but declined; the Qianlong Emperor told him: "I am not asking you to take up duty at once—only for some later day."

二十五年，上五十壽，入京師祝嘏。 In Qianlong 25, for the emperor's fiftieth birthday, he went to Beijing to offer congratulations.

二十六年，南巡，覲行在。 In Qianlong 26 he had an audience with the emperor during the southern tour.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 326Volume 326 Biographies 113: Kai Tai, A Er Tai, Gui Lin, Wen Fu · 31 passages

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疏上，以留心積貯嘉之。 The emperor commended him for his care in maintaining grain reserves.

上以灝瞻徇，何得但言未諳，知為開泰門生，斥其徇庇，下吏部嚴議，議奪官，命留任。 The emperor said Hao had shown favoritism and asked how Kai Tai could dismiss it as mere ignorance; learning that Hao was Kai Tai's protégé, he rebuked Kai Tai for shielding him. The Board of Civil Appointments recommended stripping his rank, but the emperor allowed him to remain in office.

事聞，上謂：「番目相攻，於打箭爐何與？」 When word reached the throne, the emperor said: "When native chiefs fight among themselves, what business is that of Dajianlu?"

上諭曰：「番民挾仇攻擊，不必繩以內地官法。 The emperor instructed: "When native tribesmen attack one another over old grudges, there is no need to apply the laws of the interior provinces.

上責開泰何以不先奏，下吏部議，奪官，命仍留任。 The emperor rebuked Kai Tai for not having reported this sooner; the Board recommended stripping his rank, but the emperor allowed him to remain in office.

開泰以郎卡與諸土司皆不協，令毋取結，疏聞，上許之，命嚴諭郎卡知恩守法。 Because Lang Ka was at odds with all the neighboring chieftains, Kai Tai waived the attestations; the emperor approved and ordered Lang Ka sternly reminded to show gratitude and obey the law.

上諭曰：「郎卡狼子野心，即使詰責伏罪，豈肯永守約束？ The emperor instructed: "Lang Ka is treacherous by nature; even if rebuked into submission, how could he be trusted to keep his word forever?

上聞郎卡使人詣成都，開泰許進謁，撫慰之，而陰令九土司進兵，諭曰：「郎卡於綽斯甲布等屢肆欺凌，眾土司合力報復。 The emperor learned that Lang Ka had sent envoys to Chengdu; Kai Tai received them and offered reassurance while secretly ordering the nine chieftains to advance. He instructed: "Lang Ka has repeatedly bullied Zhuosijia and others; the chieftains are joining forces to retaliate.

上皆從其請。 The emperor approved all his proposals.

疏聞，上戒毋遷就苟安。 When he reported this, the emperor warned him not to settle for a temporary peace at the cost of principle.

上責阿爾泰議非是，決策用兵，令定邊右副將軍溫福視師，佐以侍郎桂林，諭斥阿爾泰掩飾偷安，奪大學士、總督，留軍治餉，以桂林代為總督。 The emperor rejected Aertai's proposal, decided to use force, appointed Pacification Commissioner on the Right Wen Fu to command the campaign with Vice Minister Guilin as his deputy, rebuked Aertai for covering up problems and seeking an easy peace, stripped him of his grand secretary and governor-general posts, kept him with the army to manage supplies, and replaced him with Guilin as governor-general.

師克約咱，上以阿爾泰鑄大砲利軍行，予散秩大臣銜。 When the army captured Yozai, the emperor credited Aertai's cast cannon with aiding the campaign and granted him minister-without-portfolio rank.

三十七年，與總兵宋元俊劾桂林覆軍諱敗，上為罷桂林，即命阿爾泰攝總督。 In the thirty-seventh year he and regional commander Song Yuanjun impeached Guilin for annihilating his force and concealing defeat; the emperor dismissed Guilin and immediately had Aertai act as governor.

上謂：「阿爾泰專領轉餉，何不早籌畫？ The emperor said: "Aertai was put solely in charge of supply transport—why did he not plan ahead?

上責其倚老負恩，始終不肯以國事為念，命逮問。 The emperor rebuked him for relying on his age and betraying imperial favor, never putting state affairs first, and ordered his arrest.

阿爾泰初至四川，上以天壇立燈竿，下四川求楠木。 When Aertai first reached Sichuan, the emperor had lamp poles erected at the Temple of Heaven and ordered Sichuan to supply nanmu timber.

語聞上，上心慊之。 When word reached the emperor, he took offense.

三十八年，獄具，擬斬，上命賜自盡。 In the thirty-eighth year the case was concluded; decapitation was recommended, but the emperor ordered him granted suicide.

疏請添調黔、陝兵五千益師，上許益陝、甘兵三千。 He memorialized requesting five thousand additional troops from Guizhou and Shaanxi; the emperor approved three thousand from Shaanxi and Gansu.

上嘉其措置合宜，手詔謂：「無意中用汝，竟能得力。 The emperor praised his arrangements and wrote in his own hand: "I appointed you almost by chance, yet you have proved effective.

上獎桂林甚合機宜，促元俊乘勝深入取索諾木。 The emperor praised Guilin's timing and urged Yuanjun to press the victory and capture Suonuomu.

上嘉其功，賜御用玉韘。 The emperor praised his achievement and bestowed an imperial jade archer's ring.

上以革布什咱既复，正當乘勝進剿金川，攻其無備，責桂林失算。 The emperor said that with Gebushizan recovered, Guilin should have pressed the victory against Jinchuan while the enemy was unprepared, and rebuked him for poor judgment.

上奪桂林職，命額駙、尚書、公福隆安馳往按治，尋奏所劾皆虛，惟官兵傷損不即察奏屬實； The emperor stripped Guilin of office and ordered imperial son-in-law, minister, and duke Fulunga to investigate on the spot; Fulunga soon reported that the charges were largely false, except that Guilin had failed to report promptly on casualties among officers and soldiers;

上以桂林在軍日親曲糱，止圖安逸，不能與士卒同甘苦，致北山梁傷損多兵，不得為無罪，命戍伊犁。 The emperor said that in camp Guilin personally attended to brewing, sought only comfort, could not share hardship with his soldiers, and caused heavy casualties on the northern ridge—he could not be held guiltless—and ordered him exiled to Yili.

上命先剿小金川，且勿聲大金川罪。 The emperor ordered that Lesser Jinchuan be suppressed first and that Greater Jinchuan's complicity not be proclaimed.

上將進討大金川，溫福等疏言：「前此張廣泗徵金川，十路、七路分合不常，實祗有六路，皆以抵勒烏圍、噶爾依為主。 The emperor was preparing to advance against Greater Jinchuan; Wen Fu and others memorialized: "When Zhang Guangsi campaigned against Jinchuan before, accounts spoke of ten or seven routes with shifting combinations—in fact there were only six routes, all aimed chiefly at Lewuwei and Ga'eryi.

因密疏聞上，溫福亦疏劾伍岱。 He therefore sent a secret memorial to the emperor; Wen Fu also memorialized to impeach Wu Dai.

上命豐升額及額駙色布騰巴勒珠爾按治。 The emperor ordered Fengsheng'e and imperial son-in-law Sebuteng Balzhu'er to investigate the matter.

溫福又言色布騰巴勒珠爾朋比傾陷，上為奪伍岱職，令色布騰巴勒珠爾逮詣熱河行在，獄成，戍伍岱伊犁。 Wen Fu also claimed that Sebuteng Balzhu'er had formed a faction to frame him; the emperor stripped Wu Dai of office, ordered Sebuteng Balzhu'er arrested and sent to the Rehe traveling palace; when the case was concluded, Wu Dai was exiled to Yili.

上初聞溫福死，詔予一等伯爵，世襲罔替，祀昭忠祠。 When the emperor first heard of Wen Fu's death, he decreed him a first-class earl with perpetual hereditary succession and enshrinement in the Temple of Loyalty.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 327Volume 327 Biographies 114: Liu Zao, Yang Yingju, Yang Zhongying, Su Erxiang, Ming Rui · 37 passages

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乞皇上慎始慮終，為天地惜物力，為國家培元氣，來歲諸工酌量停減。」 I beg Your Majesty to be careful at the outset and thoughtful to the end, to spare material resources for Heaven and Earth, to nurture the vital energy of the state, and to suspend or scale back the various works next year as appropriate."

上嘉納。 The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial.

上聞，諭曰：「如此方不愧四知！」 When the Emperor heard of it, he remarked, "Only in this way is one worthy of the Four Knowings!"

會大學士張廷玉乞歸失上指，因獎藻，謂其知君臣休戚相關大義，以媿廷玉，加藻內閣學士銜，賜人葠二斤，命歸養母。 At the time Grand Secretary Zhang Tingyu's request to retire had displeased the Emperor; the Emperor therefore praised Zao, saying that he understood the great principle that ruler and minister share weal and woe alike, so as to shame Zhang Tingyu. He granted Zao the title of Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, bestowed two jin of ginseng, and ordered him home to care for his mother.

二十九年，例行大計，巡撫圖爾炳阿未至，藻疏請先期舉行，上嘉之，旋授雲貴總督。 In the twenty-ninth year, at the regular grand evaluation of officials, Governor Tu Erbing'a had not yet arrived; Zao memorialized asking that it be held early. The Emperor commended this, and soon afterward appointed him Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou.

尋奏瓊詔等未死，請治貪功輕進之罪，上以「瓊詔、明浩等遇賊敗逃，又復妄言敗沒。 Soon afterward he memorialized that Qiongshao and the others were not dead and asked that they be punished for greed for merit and rash advance. The Emperor said, "Qiongshao, Ming Hao, and the others met the rebels and fled in defeat, yet falsely reported themselves lost in battle.

藻聞上怒，惶迫自殺，巡撫常鈞疏報。 When Zao heard of the Emperor's anger, he killed himself in panic; Governor Chang Jun memorialized to report it.

上令應琚至普洱，為求醫治療，傷平，傳旨逮問。 The Emperor ordered Yingju to go to Pu'er to seek medical treatment for him; when his wounds healed, an edict was sent to arrest and interrogate him.

常鈞旋奏藻死，上复詔責其張皇畏葸，旅襯歸葬，不得聽其家立碑書歷官事實。 Chang Jun soon memorialized that Zao was dead. The Emperor again issued an edict reproaching his alarm and timidity, ordered his coffin sent home for burial, and forbade his family to erect a stele recording his official career.

巡撫黃廷桂薦其才，高宗曰：「若能進於誠而擴充之，正未可量也。」 Governor Huang Tinggui recommended his talent; the Gaozong said, "If he can advance in sincerity and build upon it, his future is indeed hard to measure."

應琚曰：「屬國陪臣無上交。」 Yingju said, "Attendant ministers of a tributary state have no presentation to make to the superior court."

好語諭遣之，稱旨。 He received them with kind words of instruction and sent them on their way; this pleased the Emperor.

復以陝、甘非一督能治，請更西安總督為川陝總督，四川總督為巡撫，甘肅巡撫為總督，上遂命應琚督甘肅，陝西提鎮受節制，進太子太師。 He further argued that Shaanxi and Gansu were beyond the capacity of a single governor-general to govern, and requested that the Xi'an governor-general be renamed Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general, the Sichuan governor-general be reduced to provincial governor, and the Gansu governor be promoted to governor-general. The Emperor then ordered Yingju to govern Gansu with Shaanxi's commanders and brigades under his command, and promoted him to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

帝嘉納，下其疏示中外。 The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial, and circulated it throughout the court and the provinces.

上移應珺雲貴總督視師。 The Emperor transferred Yang Yingju to Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou to take command of the army.

上以為能，賜珍物，官其孫茂齡藍翎侍衛。 The Emperor considered him capable, bestowed precious objects, and appointed his grandson Maoling a Blue Plume Imperial Bodyguard.

永昌知府陳大呂懼更初議，應琚乃往永昌受降，並為文檄緬，侈言水陸軍五十萬陳境上，不降即進討。 Yongchang Prefect Chen Dalv feared a reversal of the earlier plan; Yingju therefore went to Yongchang to accept surrender and also drafted a proclamation to Burma exaggerating that five hundred thousand land and water troops were arrayed on the border—if they did not submit, he would advance to chastise them.

緬遂大發兵溯金沙江而上。 Burma then sent a large army up the Jinsha River.

應琚聞警即遘疾，上命楊廷璋往代，遣侍衛福靈安攜御醫往診； When Yingju heard the alarm he immediately fell ill; the Emperor ordered Yang Tingzhang to replace him and sent Bodyguard Fuling'an with imperial physicians to examine him;

上察其偽，數訶責。 The Emperor perceived the deceit and reprimanded him repeatedly.

上視所進地圖，疑寇既屢敗，何以尚據內地土司境，降旨駁詰。 The Emperor examined the map submitted and wondered how, if the rebels had suffered repeated defeats, they could still hold territory within the domains of interior native offices; he issued an edict to refute and question the report.

應琚恐，乃上言大舉徵緬，調湖廣、川、滇軍五萬，五路並進，請敕暹羅夾攻，朝論皆斥之。 Yingju in fear then memorialized proposing a great campaign against Burma, mobilizing fifty thousand troops from Huguang, Sichuan, and Yunnan to advance in five columns, and requesting orders to Siam for a pincer attack—all were denounced at court.

上以重英且降緬，下其子長齡獄。 The Emperor thought Chongying was about to surrender to Burma and imprisoned his son Changling.

上大悅，進道員，釋長齡出獄，比以蘇武之節，御製蘇楊論旌之。 The Emperor was greatly pleased, promoted him to circuit intendant, released Changling from prison, compared him to the integrity of Su Wu, and composed the Discourse on Su and Yang to honor him.

三十五年，雲貴總督彰寶以緬甸表貢久不至，遣爾相齎檄往諭，被留，迫使上書阿桂申表貢之議。 In the thirty-fifth year, because Burma's tribute memorial had long failed to arrive, Governor-General Zhang Bao of Yunnan and Guizhou sent Erxiang bearing a proclamation to instruct them; he was detained and forced to write to Agui proposing the restoration of tribute.

上謂爾相且降緬，命甘肅疆吏執爾相妻孥致京師，子一、女二死於獄，妻死於道。 The Emperor thought Erxiang was about to surrender to Burma and ordered the border officials of Gansu to seize his wife and children and bring them to the capital; one son and two daughters died in prison, and his wife died on the road.

上命阿桂傳諭，令其詣京師，引見，授游擊，賜詩亦比以蘇武。 The Emperor ordered Agui to instruct him to come to the capital, granted him an audience, appointed him guerrilla officer, and in bestowing a poem also compared him to Su Wu.

明瑞疏陳素誠狂縱激變，及參贊納世通虐回民，阻援師，副都統弁塔哈掩敗妄奏諸狀，上令尚書阿桂至軍，按誅納世通、弁塔哈。 Ming Rui memorialized that Such eng's arrogance and license had provoked the uprising, that Coordinator Nashitong had abused the Muslims and blocked relief troops, and that Vice Commander-in-Chief Biantaha had concealed defeats and filed false reports; the Emperor ordered Minister Agui to the army to investigate and execute Nashitong and Biantaha.

上以明瑞得渠魁，未詳鞫為亂狀，亂回至圍急始縛獻首惡，不可輕宥，所措置皆不當，與阿桂同下部議，奪職，命留任。 The Emperor held that although Ming Rui had obtained the ringleader, he had not thoroughly investigated the facts of the rebellion; the rebel Muslims had only bound and presented the chief culprit when the siege grew desperate and could not be lightly pardoned; all his dispositions were improper. He and Agui were both referred to the Board, stripped of office, and ordered to remain at their posts.

旋條上善後事，如所請。 Soon afterward he submitted a detailed plan for post-pacification measures, and it was approved as requested.

捷聞，上大悅，封一等誠嘉毅勇公，賜黃帶、寶石頂、四團龍補服，原襲承恩公畀其弟奎林。 When news of the victory arrived the Emperor was greatly pleased. He enfeoffed Ming Rui as Duke of the First Rank, Sincere and Commendable, Resolute and Brave, granted him a yellow belt, jeweled finial, and surcoat with four-dragon roundels, and transferred the original inheritance of Duke of Enfeoffment to his younger brother Kuilin.

明瑞令別軍出大道，若將奪渡口，而督軍從間道繞至天生橋上游，乘霧徑渡，進據山梁。 Ming Rui sent a separate force out on the main road as if to seize the crossing, while he himself led the army by a hidden path around to the upper reaches of Tiansheng Bridge, crossed directly through the fog, and seized the hill ridge.

明旦賊聞聲，蟻附上山。 At dawn the rebels heard the signals and swarmed up the mountain like ants.

上聞明瑞深入，命全師速出。 When the Emperor heard that Ming Rui had penetrated deeply, he ordered the entire army to withdraw quickly.

事聞，上震悼，賜祭葬，諡果烈。 When word arrived the Emperor was shaken with grief, granted sacrificial funeral rites, and gave him the posthumous title Guolie.

額爾登額及提督譚五格坐失機陷帥，逮詣京師，上廷鞫，用大逆律磔額爾登額，囚其父及女，並族屬戍新疆； E'erdeng'e and Regional Commander-in-Chief Tan Wuge were punished for missing their opportunity and causing the commander's destruction; they were arrested and brought to the capital. The Emperor tried them at court, had E'erdeng'e dismembered under the law of great treason, imprisoned his father and daughter, and exiled his clansmen to Xinjiang;

譚五格亦棄市，而以其明日祭明瑞及扎拉豐阿、觀音保，上親臨奠。 Tan Wuge was also executed in the market. On the following day, when sacrifices were offered to Ming Rui, Zhala Feng'a, and Guanyinbao, the Emperor personally attended.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 328Volume 328 Biographies 115: Chang Qing, Lan Yuanmei, Cai Panlong, Liang Chaogui, Pu Ji Bao, Ding Chaoxiong, E Hui, Shu Liang · 21 passages

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上以台灣在海外，不可輕縱，諭勿使蔓延疏脫。 The emperor considered Taiwan distant and unstable territory that could not be treated lightly, and ordered that the affair must not be allowed to spread or escape control through negligence.

移會兩廣督臣防範，上責其張皇。 He notified the governors of the two Guang provinces to guard against spillover, and the emperor criticized him for overstating the danger.

奏入，上以常青年逾七十，能如此勇往督戰，手詔嘉獎，授其子刑部筆帖式喜明三等侍衛，馳驛往省，並賜御用搬指。 When the memorial reached court, the emperor praised Chang Qing in a personal edict for pressing the fight at over seventy, made his son Ximing—a Ministry of Punishments clerk—a third-rank bodyguard, sent him post-haste to visit his father, and granted an imperial thumb ring.

上韙之，下部優敘。 The emperor approved the plan and ordered a favorable record of merit in the ministries.

爽文之徒莊錫舍出降，擒偽軍師番婦金孃，請檻車送京師，上命授錫舍守備。 Shuangwen's follower Zhuang Xishe defected, and the rebels' female aboriginal strategist Jin Niang was taken; he asked to send her to the capital in a prison cart, and the emperor made Xishe a garrison commander.

上命陝甘總督福康安往視師。 The emperor sent Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general Fuk'anggan to take command of the campaign.

上以兵分力薄，飭常青調度失當。 The emperor rebuked Chang Qing for poor coordination, saying his forces were spread too thin.

上以其屢稱遇雨路仄收兵，傳旨嚴飭。 The emperor, weary of repeated excuses about rain, mud, and narrow trails, sent a stern rebuke.

上又聞賊诇知軍中暑濕多病，常青機事不密，又不督兵深入，屢詰責。 The court also learned that rebels had spied out the army's heat-sickness and that Chang Qing's plans leaked and he would not drive troops forward; he was rebuked again and again.

上諭令親援大紀，待福康安至，合軍進攻。 The emperor ordered him to relieve Daji in person and, once Fuk'anggan arrived, to combine forces for a general assault.

上獎普吉保勇往，累擢福建汀州鎮總兵。 The emperor praised Pu Jibao's bold advance and raised him by stages to garrison commander of Tingzhou in Fujian.

林爽文為亂，總督常青檄普吉保會剿，五十二年，率水師渡台灣，迭破賊鹿仔港、八卦山，上嘉其奮勉。 When Lin Shuangwen rebelled, Governor-General Chang Qing summoned Pu Jibao to the joint campaign; in Qianlong 52 he crossed to Taiwan at the head of the fleet, took Lugang and Baguashan in turn, and won the emperor's praise for his zeal.

明年，上念台灣初定，慮普吉保不能勝，命解任。 The next year, mindful that Taiwan had only just been settled and doubting Pu Jibao was equal to the post, the emperor ordered him removed.

既，福康安劾柴大紀受陋規，言朝雄為安平協副將時亦有此，當奪職戍軍台，上以朝雄攻東港戰有功，命留任。 Later Fuk'anggan impeached Chai Daji for taking mean bribes and said Chaoxiong had done the same as Anping's deputy commander and should be dismissed and sent to the military penal colony; the emperor, weighing his service at Donggang, let him keep his post.

上責總督伍拉納，伍拉納以屬朝雄，督舟師出海，遇諸大麥洋，俟其近，發大砲，斃數酋，明灼窮蹙，躍入海，官軍鉤致，俘以歸。 The emperor rebuked Governor-General Wulana, who handed the hunt to Chaoxiong; Chaoxiong put the fleet to sea, met the pirates at Zhudamaiyang, waited until they were close, and opened with heavy guns, killing several chiefs; Mingzhuo, trapped, leapt into the water, was gaffed up by government sailors, and brought in alive.

上諮伍拉納朝雄在官狀，伍拉納言朝雄督水師捕盜有勞，命還任。 The emperor asked Governor-General Wulana about Ding Chaoxiong's performance in office. Wulana reported that Chaoxiong had distinguished himself directing the navy in the pursuit of pirates, and the court ordered him restored to his post.

將軍福康安討台灣亂民林爽文，上命鄂輝率四川屯練降番濟師。 When General Fuk'anggan marched against the Taiwan rebel Lin Shuangwen, the emperor ordered E Hui to lead Sichuan militia, trained levies, and surrendered tribal auxiliaries to reinforce the campaign.

上命台灣嘉義立諸將帥生祠，鄂輝與焉。 The emperor ordered living shrines erected at Jiayi in Taiwan to honor the commanding generals, and E Hui was numbered among them.

鄂輝朝熱河行在。 E Hui presented himself to the emperor at the traveling palace in Rehe.

上促鄂輝還四川，與提督成德帥師赴援，又命侍郎巴忠往按。 The emperor pressed E Hui to return to Sichuan and, together with commander Cheng De, lead a relief force into Tibet, while also dispatching Vice Minister Ba Zhong to conduct an on-site investigation.

上命將軍福康安督師討廓爾喀，責鄂輝誤用巴忠議致復生事，奪官，予副都統銜駐藏，聽福康安指揮，福康安令督餉。 The emperor placed General Fuk'anggan in overall command of the campaign against the Gurkhas, held E Hui responsible for having followed Ba Zhong's counsel and thereby inviting a renewed crisis, stripped him of office, and assigned him to Tibet with the rank of vice banner commander under Fuk'anggan's command; Fuk'anggan then put him in charge of provisioning the army.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 329Volume 329 Biographies 116: Song Yuanjun, Xue Cong, Zhang Zhiyuan, Dong Tianbi, Chai Daji · 25 passages

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上責桂林不令元俊乘勝取金川。 The emperor censured Guilin for failing to let Yuanjun press the victory and seize Jinchuan.

元俊旋與散秩大臣阿爾泰劾桂林欺誑及諸罪狀，上為奪桂林職，令阿爾泰署四川總督，命額駙、尚書、公福隆安按治。 Yuanjun then joined Minister Without Portfolio Altai in impeaching Guilin for deceit and other offenses. The emperor removed Guilin from office, appointed Altai acting Governor-General of Sichuan, and sent Imperial Son-in-Law, Minister, and Duke Fu Long'an to conduct an inquiry.

上以元俊請益師，未免張皇，令福隆安會阿爾泰、阿桂與元俊詳悉覈計。 The emperor regarded Yuanjun's request for reinforcements as unduly alarmist and ordered Fu Long'an to confer with Altai, Agui, and Yuanjun on a full reassessment.

上諭軍機大臣，謂：「元俊能治事，熟番情； The emperor told the Grand Council: "Yuanjun is capable and knows the frontier tribes well;

尋，福隆安疏陳所劾桂林狀不實，上以方進兵，元俊熟番情，諸事不必窮究； Soon afterward Fu Long'an reported that the charges against Guilin did not hold up. With the campaign underway and Yuanjun's expertise on the frontier indispensable, the emperor said not every accusation need be pursued to the end;

上乃怒，責元俊奸狡負恩，命奪職逮問，籍其家。 The emperor flew into a rage, denounced Yuanjun for treachery and ingratitude, stripped him of rank, ordered his arrest, and confiscated his property.

上命留總兵，還所籍財產。 The emperor ordered Yuanjun kept on as regional commander and his confiscated property returned.

其得罪，上亦知其枉。 When he fell from favor, the emperor knew the punishment was unjust.

阿桂為疏請，赦其子還。 Agui memorialized on his behalf, and the emperor pardoned his son and allowed him to come home.

廓爾喀掠西藏濟嚨、聶拉木，上命芝元率屯練降番往討之。 When Gurkhas raided Jilong and Nyalam in Tibet, the emperor ordered Zhiyuan to lead garrison militia and surrendered tribesmen against them.

郭羅克部劫西藏入貢喇嘛，上命天弼按治，未得其渠，詔責其苟且。 When Golok tribesmen robbed Tibetan tribute-bearing lamas, the emperor ordered Tianbi to investigate and punish them. He failed to capture the ringleaders, and an edict censured his half-hearted effort.

天弼疏請罪，上以天弼所將兵本少，總督阿爾泰不預策應援，宥其罪，諭以「當奪勉。 Tianbi memorialized asking to be punished. The emperor noted that Tianbi's force had been small to begin with and that Governor-General Altai had failed to plan supporting relief, and pardoned him with the admonition: "You must strive to redeem yourself.

上以阿爾泰師久無功，奪官。 The emperor stripped Altai of rank for his army's prolonged failure.

上聞，命貸死，留軍中。 When word reached the emperor, he commuted the death sentence and kept Tianbi with the army.

上以溫福已得布朗郭宗進克底木達，天弼所克不過空寨，疏語頗鋪張，手敕戒之。 The emperor noted that Wenfu had already taken Bulangguozong and advanced to capture Dimuda, while Tianbi had seized only empty stockades; his memorial overstated the achievement, and the emperor personally admonished him.

上先命天弼駐丹壩，旋命移駐布朗郭宗，軍中傳賊來犯。 The emperor had first ordered Tianbi to garrison Danba, then to move to Bulangguozong. Rumors spread through camp that the enemy was coming.

時天弼方屯美諾，上命奪官逮治。 Tianbi was then encamped at Meinuo. The emperor ordered him stripped of rank and arrested.

上以仕簡、承恩師久無功，授總督常青將軍，渡台灣視師。 With Shijian's and Chengen's forces stalled, the emperor appointed Governor-General Chang Qing as commanding general and sent him to Taiwan to take charge.

上嘉大紀勞，賜荷包、奶餅，下部議敘。 The emperor praised Daji's exertions, sent him a purse and milk cakes, and referred his merits to the ministries for commendation.

上促常青赴援，予大紀壯健巴圖魯名號，參贊軍務。 The emperor pressed Chang Qing to march to the relief, granted Daji the title of Brave and Strong Batur, and appointed him campaign adviser.

八月，上以常青衰老不能辦賊，命福康安為將軍，仍令大紀參贊； In the eighth month, finding Chang Qing too aged to suppress the rebels, the emperor appointed Fukang'an as general while keeping Daji as campaign adviser;

上移大紀水師提督，而以陸路提督授攀龍。 The emperor promoted Daji to Naval Regional Commander and gave the Army Regional Commander post to Panlong.

上以諸羅被圍久，縣民困守，奮力向義，更縣名為嘉義。 Because Zhuluo had endured a long siege and its people had fought with loyal resolve, the emperor renamed the county Jiayi, "Praise of Righteousness."

賊攻城益急，上密諭大紀：「不必堅執與城存亡，如遇事急，可率兵力戰，出城再圖進取。」 As the siege intensified, the emperor secretly told Daji: "You need not die with the city. If matters grow desperate, lead your troops in a fighting breakout and plan your next move from outside."

上手詔謂：「所奏忠肝義，披覽為之墮淚！ The emperor wrote back in his own hand: "Your memorial of loyal heart and righteous courage moved me to tears!

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 335Volume 335 Biographies 122: Fu Senga, Yi Leitu, Hu Gui, Yu Jin Ao, Yin Dexi, Gang Ta · 3 passages

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伊勒圖以聞，高宗命加意撫綏，俾得所。 Yi Leitu reported the arrival to the throne, and the Qianlong Emperor ordered that they be settled with particular care.

高宗諭曰：「冒險已可嘉，豈有復令出私財償米之理？」 The Qianlong Emperor replied: "Your willingness to brave the seas is praise enough—how could I ask you to make good the grain from your own funds?"

金鼇嘗預千叟宴，高宗賜之酒，命賦詩記事，金鼇辭不能詩。 Jin'ao once attended the Banquet for a Thousand Elders; the Qianlong Emperor offered him wine and asked him to compose a commemorative poem, but Jin'ao begged off, saying he was no poet.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 336Volume 336 Biographies 123: Ye Shikuan, Chen Mengshuo, Jie Xi, Zhou Fanghao, Jin Rong, Zhang Weiyin, Gu Guangxu, Shen Shanfu, Fang Ang, Tang Shibi, Zhang Chongzhi · 2 passages

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值上南巡，召見，素知其在刑部有能名，賜綺貂。 During the emperor's southern tour he was summoned to audience. The emperor, who had long known his reputation for competence at the Ministry of Punishments, rewarded him with a fur robe of fine sable.

奏入，上善之。 The emperor received the memorial and commended it.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 337Volume 337 Biographies 124: Lu Chao, Tu Er Bing A, A Si Ha, Gong Zhaolin, Yang Jingsu, Min Eyuan · 46 passages

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十三年，高宗即位，焯疏言被水州縣不成災，上諭曰：「被水雖不成災，仍須加意賑恤，毋使小民失所。」 In 1735, when the Qianlong Emperor took the throne, Chao reported that flood-hit districts had not technically qualified as disaster areas. The emperor replied: 'Even if the floods have not risen to the level of a declared disaster, you must still relieve the people with special care and keep the poor from losing their livelihoods.'

乾隆元年，請查丈建陽民田，上諭曰：「小民畏查丈如水火。 In 1736 he asked to survey and remeasure civilian land in Jianyang. The emperor warned: 'Ordinary people fear land surveys as they fear fire and water.

上諭曰：「所奏各條皆是。 The emperor replied: 'Every point in your memorial is sound.

五年，上諭曰：「盧焯至浙江，沽名邀譽，舉鄉賢名宦，絡繹不絕。 In 1740 the emperor said: 'Since Lu Chao arrived in Zhejiang he has been currying favor, nominating local worthies and celebrated officials in an endless stream.

六年，左都御史劉吳龍劾焯營私受賄，上解焯任，命總督德沛、副都統旺扎爾按治，事皆實，請奪官刑訊。 In 1741 Left Censor-in-chief Liu Wulong accused Chao of corruption and bribery. The emperor removed him from office and ordered Governor-general Depè and Vice Banner Commander Wangzhar to investigate; every charge was proved, and they recommended stripping his rank and putting him to the question.

德沛等以聞，上諭責辦理不妥。 Depè reported the incident, and the emperor rebuked them for mishandling the case.

十六年，上南巡，閱海塘，念焯勞，召還。 In 1751, on a southern tour, the emperor inspected the seawall, remembered Chao's service, and recalled him.

宏謀未至，上命發歸化城米運金川饋軍，急驛諭宏謀。 Before Hongmou arrived, the throne ordered grain from Guihua City shipped to supply the Jinchuan campaign and sent an urgent courier to inform Hongmou.

上嘉焯知大體，合機宜，實授湖北巡撫。 The emperor praised Chao for understanding the larger situation and acting appropriately, and confirmed him as governor of Hubei.

上責焯負恩，奪官，戍巴里坤。 The emperor accused Chao of betraying his favor, stripped his rank, and exiled him to Barkol.

總督碩色論劾，上責圖爾炳阿欺隱徇庇，奪官，逮京師，下刑部治罪，坐監守自盜，擬斬監候。 Governor-general Shuose memorialized against him; the emperor condemned Tu Erbing'a for covering up the case and showing favoritism, stripped his rank, had him brought to Beijing, and referred him to the Board of Punishments, which convicted him of custodial embezzlement and sentenced him to beheading, commuted after review.

十七年，上以圖爾炳阿贓未入己，釋出獄。 In 1752 the emperor ruled that Tu Erbing'a had not personally profited from the shortfall and released him from prison.

二十二年，上南巡，江蘇布政使夏邑彭家屏以病告家居，覲徐州行在，入對，言鄉縣被水。 In 1757, on the emperor's southern tour, Jiangsu treasurer Peng Jiaping of Xiayi, who had retired on grounds of illness, came to the traveling palace at Xuzhou, was granted an audience, and reported flooding in his home district.

上諮圖爾炳阿，圖爾炳阿奏收成至九分，上責圖爾炳阿文過。 The emperor asked Tu Erbing'a, who reported a harvest of ninety percent; the emperor rebuked him for whitewashing the situation.

圖爾炳阿又奏「去歲被水尚未成災」，上斥為怙惡不悛。 Tu Erbing'a then reported that 'last year's floods have not yet amounted to a disaster,' and the emperor denounced him as incorrigible.

遣員外郎觀音保密察災狀得實，上奪圖爾炳阿官，髮烏里雅蘇台效力。 He sent Vice Director Guanyinbao to investigate in secret and confirmed the disaster. The emperor stripped Tu Erbing'a of his rank and sent him to serve at Uliastai.

上發徐州，夏邑民張欽、劉元德詣行在訴知縣孫默諱災及治賑不實，上親鞫，元德言諸生段昌緒指使。 As the emperor left Xuzhou, Xiayi residents Zhang Qin and Liu Yuande came to the traveling palace to accuse Magistrate Sun Mo of concealing the disaster and bungling relief. The emperor questioned them personally, and Yuande said the student Duan Changxu had put them up to it.

上復遣侍衛成林會圖爾炳阿至夏邑按治，於昌緒家得傳鈔吳三桂檄。 The emperor again sent Bodyguard Cheng Lin with Tu Erbing'a to investigate in Xiayi, where they found copied proclamations of Wu Sangui in Changxu's house.

上諭曰：「圖爾炳阿察出逆檄，緝邪之功大，諱災之罪小。 The emperor said: 'Tu Erbing'a uncovered the seditious proclamation; his merit in rooting out sedition is great, and his offense in concealing the disaster is small.

上嘉其言得要。 The emperor praised his advice as sound.

上諭之曰：「賑濟蠲緩，重者數百萬，少亦數十萬，悉動正帑，從無顧惜。 The emperor told him: 'Relief, tax remission, and deferments cost millions in the worst cases and hundreds of thousands in the least—all paid from the regular treasury without hesitation.

學政謝溶生劾阿思哈婪賄派累，命尚書劉統勳、侍郎常鈞等按鞫，得實，擬絞。 Provincial education commissioner Xie Rongsheng impeached Asiha for extortion and corrupt levies. The emperor ordered Minister Liu Tongxun, Vice Minister Chang Jun, and others to investigate; the charges proved true and strangulation was recommended.

上責其畏難，解任，以副都統銜在領隊大臣上行走。 The emperor accused him of shrinking from hardship, removed him from office, and assigned him to serve under the expedition commander with assistant commandant's rank.

旋召為吏部侍郎，入對失上指，奪官，戍伊犁。 He was soon recalled as vice minister of the Board of Civil Appointments, but in audience he displeased the emperor, was stripped of rank, and exiled to Ili.

阿思哈初撫江西，上眷之獨厚。 When Asiha first governed Jiangxi, the emperor favored him unusually.

廣西巡撫衛哲治入覲，上問各省督撫孰為最劣，哲治引罪，上謂：「姑置汝！」 When Guangxi governor Wei Zhezhi came to court, the emperor asked who among the provincial governors was the worst. Zhezhi took the blame himself. The emperor said: 'Never mind you for now—'

上遣侍郎期成額會總督定長按治，如兆麟讞； The emperor sent Vice Minister Qicheng'e with Governor-General Ding Chang to investigate; the case followed Zhaolin's findings;

雲南軍營需硝，敕兆麟籌畫，兆麟以廣西舊存硝七萬七千餘斤運剝隘，复撥通省營貯火藥二十萬斤繼運，得旨嘉許。 When Yunnan's military camps needed saltpeter, the emperor ordered Zhaolin to arrange supply. He shipped over 77,000 jin of saltpeter stored in Guangxi to Bo'ai, then forwarded 200,000 jin of gunpowder from Guangxi arsenals. The emperor praised the effort.

上斥其冒昧，勗令詳慎。 The emperor rebuked his impulsiveness and urged greater care.

兆麟復奏請簡發知府三員赴貴州，上以「此端一開，各省效尤，妨吏部選法； Zhaolin then asked that three prefects be specially sent to Guizhou. The emperor warned: 'Open that door and every province will follow, undermining the Board's appointment system;

上曰：「觀音保人已粗率，今尚以兆麟為粗率，則粗率更甚可知。」 The emperor said: 'Guanyinbao is already a rough man; if even he finds Zhaolin crude, Zhaolin must be rougher still.'

四十一年，東巡，兆麟迎駕，詔與三品銜。 During the emperor's 1776 eastern tour, Zhaolin met the procession and was granted third-rank insignia.

上命景素具車馬濟師，令分守河西。 The emperor ordered Jingsu to supply transport for the army and hold the west bank of the river.

四十一年，上東巡，臨視臨清毀橋斷道及亂民竄據所在，景素述當時戰狀，上嘉其勞，賜黃馬褂。 During the 1776 eastern tour the emperor inspected Linqing, where bridges had been destroyed and rebels had held ground. Jingsu described the fighting; the emperor praised his service and granted him a yellow jacket.

得旨嘉獎。 The emperor approved and commended the plan.

薦於易簡為布政使，上以易簡為大學士敏中弟，責景素。 He recommended Yu Yijian as treasurer, but the emperor rebuked him because Yijian was the younger brother of Grand Secretary Minzhong.

鶚元窺上指欲寬侍堯，獨奏言：「侍堯歷任封疆，勤幹有為，中外推服。 Eyuan sensed that the emperor wished to spare Shiyao and alone memorialized: 'Shiyao has served on the frontiers with diligence and ability, and is respected throughout the bureaucracy.

上從之，侍堯得復起。 The emperor agreed, and Shiyao was restored to office.

上責鶚元隱忍瞻徇，知其事而不舉，降三品頂戴，停廉俸。 The emperor rebuked Eyuan for covering up the affair and showing favoritism—he had known but not reported it. His rank insignia was reduced to third grade and his integrity stipend suspended.

上諭曰：「得雨二三寸未為霑足，焉能種雜糧？ The emperor replied: 'Two or three inches of rain is not enough to soak the fields—how can anyone plant secondary crops?

上諮鶚元，鶚元猶庇瑍不以實陳，乃遣尚書慶桂、侍郎王昶按治； The emperor questioned Eyuan, who still shielded Yin and did not tell the truth. The emperor then sent Minister Qinggui and Vice Minister Wang Chang to investigate;

上責鶚元玩視民瘼，徇情骫法，命置重典。 The emperor condemned Eyuan for neglecting the people's welfare and bending the law out of favoritism, and ordered severe punishment.

獄具，擬斬立決，命改監候。 The verdict recommended immediate execution; the emperor commuted the sentence to imprisonment pending review.

圖爾炳阿匿災至面謾，反誅告者； Tu Erbing'a concealed a disaster even to the emperor's face, yet those who reported it were punished;

兆麟口給，鶚元迎上指，至不勝疆政而始去之。 Zhaolin was glib, Eyuan read the emperor's mind—only when they proved unfit for frontier rule were they finally removed.

高宗常謂：「朕非甚懦弱姑息之主，不能執法。」 The Qianlong Emperor often said: 'I am not so weak and indulgent that I cannot enforce the law.'

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 340Volume 340 Biographies 127: Wang Jie, Dong Gao, Zhu Gui · 19 passages

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高宗熟視字體如素識，以昔為尹繼善繕疏，曾邀宸賞，詢知人品，即拔置第一。 The Qianlong Emperor studied his calligraphy as if it were already familiar—he had once written drafts for Yin Jishan and won the emperor's notice—and on learning who he was, promptly placed him first.

陛辭日，賜高宗御用玉鳩杖、御製詩二章，以寵其行，有云：「直道一身立廊廟，清風兩袖返韓城。」 On the day of his farewell audience he received the Qianlong Emperor's personal jade dove staff and two imperial poems to honor his departure; one line read: "With upright conduct he stood alone in the hall of state; with clear wind in both sleeves he returns to Hancheng."

乾隆二十八年進士，殿試進呈卷列第三，高宗因大臣子，改二甲第一。 He took his jinshi in 1763; his palace-examination paper ranked third, but because he was a senior minister's son the Qianlong Emperor placed him first in the second class instead.

初，邦達善畫，受高宗知。 Bangda had been skilled at painting and won the Qianlong Emperor's notice.

屬稿未竟，和珅取白高宗曰：「嗣皇帝欲市恩於師傅。」 Before the draft was finished, Heshen told the Qianlong Emperor, "The heir apparent wishes to curry favor with his tutor."

高宗色動，顧誥曰：「汝在軍機、刑部久，是於律意云何？」 The Qianlong Emperor's expression changed; he turned to Gao and said, "You have long served on the Grand Council and at the Board of Justice—what is your view of this under the law?"

高宗默然良久，曰：「汝大臣也，善為朕輔導之。」 The Qianlong Emperor was silent a long while, then said, "You are a great minister—guide him well for me."

高宗謂劉墉、紀昀、彭元瑞三人皆資深，墉遇事模棱，元瑞以不檢獲愆，昀讀書多而不明理，惟誥在直勤勉，超拜東閣大學士，明詔宣示，俾三人加愧勵焉。 The Qianlong Emperor said Liu Yong, Ji Yun, and Peng Yuanrui were all senior: Liu Yong was equivocal in affairs; Peng Yuanrui had been censured for misconduct; Ji Yun read widely but lacked sound judgment—only Gao, diligent in regular duty, was promoted over their heads to Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion, with an explicit edict to shame and spur the three.

誥既以喪歸，川、楚兵事方亟，高宗欲召之，每見大臣，數問； After Gao returned home in mourning, the Sichuan and Huguang campaigns were urgent; the Qianlong Emperor wished to recall him and asked repeatedly whenever he saw senior ministers;

會駕出，誥於道旁謝恩，高宗見之，喜甚，命暫署刑部尚書，素服視事，不預典禮，專辦秋讞及軍營紀略，且曰：「誥守制已逾小祥，不得已用人之苦心，眾當共諒。」 When the imperial carriage went out, Gao gave thanks by the roadside; the Qianlong Emperor saw him and was greatly pleased, ordering him temporarily to act as minister of justice in plain mourning dress, excluding him from ceremonies but putting him in charge of autumn assizes and military summaries, and saying: "Gao's mourning has already passed the lesser anniversary; the bitter necessity of using him—everyone should understand."

四年春，高宗崩，和珅伏誅，命誥复直軍機，晉太子太保。 In the spring of 1799 the Qianlong Emperor died; Heshen was executed; Gao was ordered back to regular Grand Council duty and promoted to Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

高宗山陵禮成，命題神主，晉太子太傅。 When the Qianlong Emperor's mausoleum rites were completed, he was ordered to compose the spirit-tablet inscription and was promoted to Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

十二年，高宗實錄告成，詔以誥在館八年，始終其事，特加優獎，賜其父邦達入祀賢良祠。 In 1807 the Qianlong Veritable Records were completed; an edict noted that Gao had spent eight years in the project office and seen it through from start to finish, gave him special commendation, and granted his father Bangda enshrinement in the Shrine of Worthies.

高宗重其學行，累遷侍讀學士。 The Qianlong Emperor valued his learning and conduct; after repeated promotions he rose to reader-in-waiting of the Hanlin Academy.

和珅忌之，授受禮成，珪進頌冊，因加指摘，高宗曰：「陳善納誨，師傅之職宜爾，非汝所知也。」 Heshen envied him; when the succession rites were completed Gui presented a eulogy booklet and was criticized for it; the Qianlong Emperor said, "To present good counsel and accept admonition is a tutor's proper duty—this is not for you to understand."

四年正月，高宗崩，仁宗即馳驛召珪，聞命奔赴。 In the first month of 1799 the Qianlong Emperor died; the Jiaqing Emperor at once sent post-horses to summon Gui; on hearing the order he rushed to obey.

上以是命遵高宗諭，遣詣裕陵謝。 Because this appointment followed the Qianlong Emperor's instruction, the emperor sent him to the Yuling mausoleum to give thanks.

高宗實錄成，特賜祭，擢長子錫經為四品京堂。 When the Qianlong Veritable Records were completed, sacrificial rites were specially granted and his eldest son Xijing was promoted to fourth-rank capital office.

王杰、董誥、硃珪皆高宗拔擢信任之臣，和珅一再間沮，卒不屈撓。 Wang Jie, Dong Gao, and Zhu Gui were all ministers the Qianlong Emperor selected and trusted; Heshen repeatedly obstructed them, yet in the end they did not yield.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 342Volume 342 Biographies 129: Bao Ning, Song Yun Son: Xi Chang, Fu Jun, Dou Xinchuan, Bo Qi Tu · 1 passage

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繙譯生員，考授理籓院筆帖式，充軍機章京，能任事，為高宗所知。 Having qualified as a translation licentiate, he passed the examination for a clerkship in the Court of Colonial Affairs, served on the Grand Council staff, showed himself capable in office, and won the notice of the Qianlong emperor.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 343Volume 343 Biographies 130: Shu Lin Younger Brother: Guang Hou, Jue Luo Ji Qing, Jue Luo Zhang Lin, Fei Chun, Bai Ling, Bo Lin · 2 passages

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帝以書麟盡心民瘼，予優敘。 The emperor rewarded him with a superior merit review for his devoted attention to the people's hardships.

黃、運兩河漫溢，帝因兩江總督李世傑未諳河工，命書麟佐之。 When the Yellow River and Grand Canal burst their banks, the emperor ordered Shu Lin to assist Governor-General Li Shijie of the Two Jiangs, who was inexperienced in hydraulic engineering.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 351Volume 351 Biographies 138: Shen Chu, Jin Shisong, Zou Bingtai, Dai Liankui, Wang Yixiu Son: Zong Cheng, Huang Yue · 5 passages

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服闋，會高宗南巡，迎鑾道左，回京督順天學政。 After mourning he greeted the Qianlong Emperor during a southern tour and, on returning to Beijing, took charge of Shuntian education.

五十年，帝御乾清宮，賜千叟宴。 In Qianlong 50 the emperor held the Thousand Elders Banquet in the Palace of Heavenly Purity.

四十八年，高宗釋奠禮成，因下詔增建辟雍。 In Qianlong 48, after the emperor's ceremonial offerings at the academy, he ordered construction of the Hall of the Circular Moat.

高宗實錄成，賜宴禮部，懿修以尚書主席。 When the Qianlong Veritable Records were completed, the court held a banquet at the Ministry of Rites with Yixiu, as minister, presiding.

沈初、金士松，高宗舊臣，獲恩禮終。 Shen Chu and Jin Shisong, veterans of the Qianlong reign, enjoyed imperial favor to the end of their lives.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 352Volume 352 Biographies 139: Jiang Cheng, Jin Guangti, Zu Zhiwang, Han Feng · 1 passage

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晟自為曹郎，以治獄明慎受知高宗，敭歷中外，至是凡三入佐刑部。 From his days as a bureau secretary, his careful and lucid handling of criminal cases had won Qianlong's trust. He had served widely in the capital and in the provinces, and by now had entered the Ministry of Punishments as its second-in-command three times.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 353Volume 353 Biographies 140: Da Chun | Son: Sa Bin Tu, Tie Bao Younger Brother: Yu Bao, He Ying, Jue Luo Gui Fang · 2 passages

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鐵保慷慨論事，高宗謂其有大臣風。 Tie Bao debated state affairs with bold candor, and Emperor Qianlong said he had the bearing of a great minister.

高宗親試八旗翰詹，與兄鐵保並被擢，時比以郊、祁，軾、轍。 Emperor Qianlong personally examined the Banner Hanlin and Heir Apparent's household; he and his elder brother Tie Bao were both advanced, and contemporaries likened them to two earlier pairs of brothers: Song Jiao and Song Qi, and Su Shi and Su Zhe.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 355Volume 355 Biographies 142: Kui Lun, Guang Xing, Chu Peng Ling · 1 passage

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嘗入覲，高宗詢家世，魁倫陳戰功甚悉。 On one audience at court, the Gaozong Emperor asked about his lineage, and Kui Lun recounted his family’s battle honors at length.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 356Volume 356 Biographies 143: Hong Liangji, Guan Shiming, Gu Jiqi, Li Zhongzhao, Shi Chengzao · 9 passages

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四年，高宗崩，仁宗始親政。 In 1799 the Qianlong emperor died and the Jiaqing emperor took the reins himself.

大學士硃珪書起之，供職，與修高宗實錄，第一次稿本成，意有不樂。 Grand Secretary Zhu Gui recalled him by letter. He resumed office and worked on the Qianlong Veritable Records, but when the first draft was done he was deeply dissatisfied.

乾隆初年，純皇帝宵旰不遑，勤求至治，其時如鄂文端、硃文端、張文和、孫文定等，皆侃侃以老成師傅自居。 In the early Qianlong years the emperor labored from dawn to midnight in pursuit of perfect government. Men such as E Wenduan, Zhu Wenduan, Zhang Wenhe, and Sun Wending spoke plainly and styled themselves seasoned mentors of the throne.

純皇帝固聖不可及，而亦眾正盈朝，前後左右皆嚴憚之人故也。 The emperor's sagacity was beyond compare, but it also helped that upright men filled the court and that everyone around him was someone to be feared.

純皇帝大事之時，即明發諭旨數和珅之罪，並一一指其私人，天下快心。 At the Qianlong emperor's death the throne had openly listed Heshen's crimes and named his creatures one by one, to the nation's relief.

純皇帝因內閣學士許玉猷為同姓石工護喪，諭廷臣曰：'諸臣縱不自愛，如國體何？ The late emperor, learning that Grand Secretariat academician Xu Yuyou had a stonemason of the same surname attend his mourning, told the court: 'Even if you ministers care nothing for yourselves, what of the dignity of the state?'

四年春，上疏，略曰：「竊見三年以來，先帝頒師征討邪教，川、陝責之總督宜綿，巡撫惠齡、秦承恩； In the spring of 1799 he submitted a memorial that began: "For three years now the late emperor has sent armies against the sectarians. Sichuan and Shaanxi fall to Governor-General Yi Mian and Grand Coordinators Hui Ling and Qin Cheng'en;

欽惟先帝昔徵緬甸，見楊應琚挑撥掩覆之罪，立予拿問。 Consider how the late emperor, campaigning in Burma, found Yang Yingju guilty of provocation and concealment and had him seized at once for trial.

先帝嚴究軍需局，察出四川漢州知州與德楞泰互爭報銷，及湖北道員胡齊崙侵餉數十萬，一則追賠，一則拿究。 The late emperor cracked down on the military supplies bureau, found the Hanzhou prefect in Sichuan disputing accounts with Degengtai, and Hubei circuit intendant Hu Qilun embezzling hundreds of thousands in pay—one ordered to repay, the other seized for trial.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 364Volume 364 Biographies 151: Ruan Yuan, Wang Tingzhen, Tang Jinzhao · 2 passages

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逾年大考，高宗親擢第一，超擢少詹事。 The following year, in the palace examination, the Gaozong Emperor personally placed him first and exceptionally promoted him to junior vice-president of the Secretariat.

召對，上喜曰：「不意朕八旬外復得一人！」 When summoned for audience, the emperor said with delight, "I never thought that after my eightieth year I should gain another man like this!"

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 377Volume 377 Biographies 164: Bao Guixing, Gu Chun, Wu Xiaoming, Chen Hong, E Mushune, Xu Faji · 1 passage

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先是嘉慶中蓴在史館，撰和珅傳，及進禦，經他人竄改，和珅曾數因事被高宗詰責，並未載入傳。 Earlier, during the Jiaqing reign, Chun had been in the Historiography Office and drafted Heshen's biography. By the time it reached the throne others had altered it, omitting the many occasions on which Emperor Gaozong had censured Heshen for misconduct.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 378Volume 378 Biographies 165: Huang Juezi, Jin Yinglin, Chen Qingyong, Su Tingkui, Zhu Qi · 1 passage

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臣亦知奕經為高宗純皇帝之裔，皇上親親睦族，不忍遽加顯戮。 I know that Yijing is a descendant of the Qianlong Emperor, and that Your Majesty, cherishing imperial kin, is reluctant to execute him outright.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 1 passage

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其時高宗西北拓地數千里，東西諸國讋憚天威，府庫充盈，物力豐盛，園工取之內帑而民不知，故皆樂園之成。 At that time the Qianlong Emperor extended the northwest frontier by thousands of li; states east and west feared Heaven's majesty; the treasuries were full and resources abundant; park works were paid from the inner purse without the people knowing, so all rejoiced in the park's completion.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 445Volume 445 Biographies 232: Wu Kedu, Zhu Yixin, Tu Keshou, An Weijun, Wen Ti, Jiang Chunlin · 1 passage

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十五年，太后歸政，仁守慮僉人讒構兩宮，易生嫌隙，疏請依高宗訓政往事：「凡部院題本、尋常奏事，如常例； In 1889 the empress dowager returned power. Renshou feared that malicious men would sow discord between the two palaces and easily breed suspicion. He memorialized asking that the precedent of the Gaozong Emperor's regency be followed: "All routine memorials from ministries and boards and ordinary reports shall follow usual practice;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 13 passages

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高宗復召入對，以覃恩贈父繼濩如其爵。 The Qianlong Emperor summoned him again for audience and, under a general amnesty, posthumously ennobled his father Jihuo to the same rank as his own title.

乾隆三年，上幸學，召廣棨陪祀。 In the third year of Qianlong the Emperor visited the Imperial Academy and summoned Guang Qi to assist at the sacrifice.

獻親耕耤田頌、視學大禮慶成賦。 He presented an ode on the Emperor's ceremonial plowing of the sacred field and a fu celebrating the completion of the imperial school visit.

四年，朝京師，祝上萬壽。 In the fourth year he came to the capital to congratulate the Emperor on his longevity.

六年，疏劾曲阜知縣毓琚不職，毓琚亦訐廣棨居鄉不法，下巡撫按治，上原廣棨而譴毓琚。 In the sixth year he memorialized against Qufu magistrate Yu Ju for dereliction of duty. Yu Ju in turn accused Guang Qi of misconduct at home. The case was sent to the provincial governor for investigation; the Emperor excused Guang Qi and punished Yu Ju.

昭煥，字顯明，十三年正月，上東巡，釋奠孔子廟，禦詩禮堂。 Zhao Huan, whose style was Xianming. In the first month of the thirteenth year the Emperor toured the east, offered libation at the Temple of Confucius, and visited the Hall of Poetry and Rites.

昭煥方幼，命其族人舉人繼汾等進講。 Zhao Huan was still a child, so the Emperor ordered his kinsman, presented scholar Jifen, and others to lecture in his place.

親制孔子廟碑，勒石大成門外。 The Emperor personally composed the temple stele and had it engraved in stone outside the Gate of Great Accomplishment.

上諭曰：「昭煥疏言皇莊，此必沿前代舊習，然亦止應稱官莊。 The Emperor said: "Zhao Huan writes of an 'imperial estate'—no doubt an old habit from earlier dynasties—but he should have called it only the official estate.

下吏議，當奪爵，上命寬之。 The officials recommended stripping his title, but the Emperor ordered leniency.

三月，上東巡，釋奠孔子廟，謁林。 In the third month the Emperor toured the east, offered libation at the Temple of Confucius, and visited the Kong Forest.