Liu Yong (劉墉) | 24 Histories

Overview

Liu Yong was a Calligrapher and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Nickname	the thick-ink Chancellor	濃墨宰相

Life and dates

Death

AD 1804 劉墉歿
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 154

Attested activity

AD 1770 to AD 1805 並時與劉墉相埒
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 54
AD 1804 劉墉歿
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 154
AD 1796 嘉慶元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 340, passages 103, 110
AD 1799 嘉慶四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 11
AD 1782 四十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33; Draft History of Qing 322, passage 170
AD 1782 四十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52

Show 3 more source-backed claims

AD 1770 to AD 1805 大學士劉墉
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135
AD 1644 to AD 1911 清一代
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
AD 1760 to AD 1795 高宗中年後
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 281, 283

Key source chapters

Career and standing

calligrapher 書人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
Hunan governor 湖南巡撫
Held formerly
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52
grand secretary 大學士
Held · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶四年 · Western Year: AD 1799
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 12
Grand Secretary 大學士
AD 1782 四十七年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52
Left Censor-in-Chief 左都御史
AD 1782 四十七年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 170
Grand Secretary 大學士
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Censor-in-Chief 都御史
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Lived under
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 154
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Lived under
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 54
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 170; Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135
Polity Qing 清朝 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 283

Learning and skills

Skill plaque script 榜書 · Level ranked · Domain calligraphy 書
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 207
Skill running script 行書 · Level ranked · Domain calligraphy 書
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Skill small regular script 小真書 · Level ranked · Domain calligraphy 書
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
Skill regular and running script 正、行書 · Level leading
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 154
Skill calligraphy 書 · Level renowned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 54, 56

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · About Person Id Jing Daoqian (荊道乾)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52
For a thousand years there has been nothing like this work! 千數百年無此作矣！
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135

Events and relationships

Investigated with He Shen
AD 1782 四十七年 · Legal · Investigator · With Heshen (和珅)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 319, passage 33
placed in capable grade, lower rank for running script 能品下，行書
Critical · Subject · Ranked · With Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
placed in capable grade, upper rank for plaque script 能品上，榜書
Critical · Subject · Ranked · With Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 207
placed in marvelous grade, lower rank for small regular script 妙品下，小真書
Critical · Subject · Ranked · With Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
Sent to investigate
AD 1782 四十七年 · Legal · Investigator · At Shandong 山東
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passages 170, 172
Relation Secretly consulted with · Person Feng (灃) · Mode named-source-report Source Work commentators 論者
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 283

Assessments and attributes

capable grade, lower rank: running script 能品下，行書
Assessment capable grade, lower rank · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
capable grade, upper rank: plaque script 能品上，榜書
Assessment capable grade, upper rank · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 207
Assessment equivocal in affairs · Mode imperial-judgment Source Person Id Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 110
marvelous grade, lower rank: small regular script 妙品下，小真書
Assessment marvelous grade, lower rank · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 206
Assessment nicknamed the thick-ink Chancellor; ranked among finest with Yao Nai by Bao Shichen · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 54, 56
Assessment praised Deng's work as unmatched for a millennium · With Deng Shiru (鄧石如) · Mode named-person-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Assessment the foremost incorrupt official · With Jing Daoqian (荊道乾) · Mode speech Speaker Liu Yong (劉墉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 52

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 322, passage 170; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 135

References in the histories

Search passages

History

14 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 319Volume 319 Biographies 106: Yu Minzhong, He Shen Son: Feng Shenyinde, Younger Brother: He Lin, Su Linga · 1 passage

Open chapter

四十七年，御史錢灃劾山東巡撫國泰、布政使於易簡貪縱營私，命和珅偕都御史劉墉按鞫，灃從往。 In the forty-seventh year Censor Qian Feng impeached Shandong Governor Guo Tai and Provincial Administration Commissioner Yu Yijian for greed, indulgence, and private profit. He Shen was ordered to join Censor-in-Chief Liu Yong in the investigation, and Qian Feng went along.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 322Volume 322 Biographies 109: Dou Guangnai, Li Shufang, Fan Yibin, Cao Xibao, Xie Zhending, Qian Feng, Yin Zhuangtu · 2 passages

Open chapter

四十七年，灃疏劾山東巡撫國泰、布政使於易簡吏治廢弛，貪婪無饜，各州縣庫皆虧缺，上命大學士和珅、左都御史劉墉率灃往按。 In the forty-seventh year Feng impeached Shandong Governor Guotai and Commissioner Yu Yijian for ruined governance and insatiable greed; treasuries throughout the province were short. The Emperor sent Grand Secretary Heshen and Left Censor-in-Chief Liu Yong with Feng to investigate.

灃劾國泰發庫藏掩覆，論者謂劉墉密與灃商榷，蓋亦有力焉。 Feng's exposure of Guotai's padded treasury is said to have had Liu Yong's secret support.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 340Volume 340 Biographies 127: Wang Jie, Dong Gao, Zhu Gui · 1 passage

Open chapter

高宗謂劉墉、紀昀、彭元瑞三人皆資深，墉遇事模棱，元瑞以不檢獲愆，昀讀書多而不明理，惟誥在直勤勉，超拜東閣大學士，明詔宣示，俾三人加愧勵焉。 The Qianlong Emperor said Liu Yong, Ji Yun, and Peng Yuanrui were all senior: Liu Yong was equivocal in affairs; Peng Yuanrui had been censured for misconduct; Ji Yun read widely but lacked sound judgment—only Gao, diligent in regular duty, was promoted over their heads to Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion, with an explicit edict to shame and spur the three.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 353Volume 353 Biographies 140: Da Chun | Son: Sa Bin Tu, Tie Bao Younger Brother: Yu Bao, He Ying, Jue Luo Gui Fang · 2 passages

Open chapter

仁宗知其屈抑，至嘉慶四年，詔：「達椿因曠班被譴，其過輕，當時劉墉亦緣此降官； Emperor Renzong knew he had been treated unfairly. In 1799 an edict declared: 'Da Chun was censured for absenteeism, yet the fault was slight; Liu Yong was demoted for the same reason at the time;

今劉墉已為大學士，達椿尚未遷擢，加恩補授內閣學士兼副都統。」 Liu Yong is already a grand secretary, while Da Chun has still not been advanced. Let favor be shown by restoring him as academician of the Grand Secretariat with concurrent duty as deputy lieutenant-general.'

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 146: Yue Qi, Jing Daoqian, Xie Qikun, Li Diantu, Zhang Shicheng, Wang Shaolan, Li Yichou, Qian Kai, He Shunwu · 1 passage

Open chapter

四十七年，遷甘肅寧夏同知，入覲，大學士劉墉曾官湖南巡撫，稱之曰：「第一清官也。」 In the forty-seventh year he was transferred to be subprefect of Ningxia in Gansu; when he came to court, Grand Secretary Liu Yong, who had once served as Hunan governor, said of him, "The foremost incorrupt official."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 503Volume 503 Biographies 290: Yi Shu Er · 7 passages

Open chapter

文治書名並時與劉墉相埒，人稱之曰「濃墨宰相，淡墨探花」。 Wenzhi's reputation in his day rivaled that of Liu Yong; people nicknamed them 'the thick-ink Chancellor and the light-ink Flower of the Court.'

後包世臣極推鼐書，與劉墉並列上品，名轉出文治上。 later Bao Shichen championed Yao's calligraphy, ranking it with Liu Yong's among the finest, and Yao's reputation eventually eclipsed Wenzhi's.

薦於尚書曹文埴，偕至京師，大學士劉墉、副都御史陸錫熊皆驚異曰：「千數百年無此作矣！」 He was recommended to the Minister Cao Wenzhuan and accompanied him to the capital; the Grand Secretary Liu Yong and the Vice Censor-in-chief Lu Xixiong both exclaimed in wonder, 'For a thousand years there has been nothing like this work!'

論者謂自劉墉歿，正、行書以伯坰為第一。 Critics held that after Liu Yong's death, Bokan ranked first in regular and running script.

妙品下二人，劉墉小真書，姚鼐行草書。 marvelous grade, lower rank, two artists: Liu Yong in small regular script and Yao Nai in running-cursive script.

能品上七人，釋邱山真及行書，宋玨分榜書，傅山草書，姜宸英行書，鄧石如草書，劉墉榜書，黃乙生行榜書； Capable grade, upper rank, seven artists: the monk Qiushan in regular and running script, Song Jue in clerical plaque script, Fu Shan in cursive script, Jiang Chenying in running script, Deng Shiru in cursive script, Liu Yong in plaque script, and Huang Yisheng in running plaque script;