Gao Huan (高歡) | 24 Histories

Overview

Gao Huan was a Northern Qi Grand Ancestor.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Heiliuhun	賀六渾	Helühun
Posthumous name	Shenwu	神武	Shénwǔ
Temple name	Gaozu	高祖	Gaozu

Life and dates

Birth

Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 11

Death

AD 547 武定五年春
At Jinyang 晉陽
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 63
AD 547 武定五年正月丙午
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 3, passage 20
AD 547 神武崩
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 38, passage 122
AD 547 高祖崩
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passages 38, 148; Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 46
AD 547 高祖葬後
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 139
AD 547 高祖崩於晉陽
At Jinyang 晉陽
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 49, passage 101

Show 1 more source-backed claim

court practices after his death avoided black-clad monks
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 132

Attested activity

AD 527 to AD 529 大通初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 32, passage 96
AD 547 武定五年春
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 63
AD 520 to AD 547 active with Empress Lou before Northern Qi
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 9, passages 4, 6
AD 547 context
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 17, passage 150
AD 531 中山之敗後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 73
AD 531 to AD 547 中興至武定
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 13, passages 4, 148

Show 102 more source-backed claims

AD 533 二年正月
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 245, 248
AD 531 to AD 532 信都起兵
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 4
AD 538 to AD 539 元象中
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 7, passage 3; Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 15
AD 534 to AD 547 先王與梁主和好十有餘年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 33, passage 10
AD 531 六月庚子
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 183, 219, 221
AD 546 十一月，庚子
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
AD 546 十二月，己卯
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 309
AD 532 及平鄴
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 22, 26
AD 538 四年河橋
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 17, passage 42
AD 528 to AD 529 圍侃十餘重
Directly stated · Book of Liang 39, passage 95
AD 545 大同十一年
Dated from the passage context · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passages 3, 6; zizhitongjian:159:s0003a
AD 537 大統三年
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 23, passage 35
AD 542 大統八年
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 39, passage 19
AD 536 天平三年
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 19
AD 534 to AD 537 天平中
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 33, passage 88; Book of Northern Qi 43, passage 12
AD 534 天平初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 26, passage 35
AD 532 太昌初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 66
AD 532 太昌初
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 77
AD 525 孝昌元年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 43
AD 525 to AD 547 孝昌至武定
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 128, 146, 151
AD 530 孝莊誅尒朱榮
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 89
AD 534 to AD 547 寄以心腹至譴讓
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 43-44, 47
AD 530 to AD 531 建明前後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 90, 98-99
AD 532 從破尒朱於韓陵
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 11
AD 529 從高祖東征邢杲
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 8
AD 546 攻玉壁
Dated from the passage context · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 270
AD 532 旣而神武至洛陽；七月壬寅
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 231, 235
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 74, 77, 79
AD 534 to AD 547 東魏
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 31, passages 79, 84
AD 531 to AD 547 東魏權臣時期
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 132
AD 531 to AD 547 東魏霸府
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
AD 543 東魏高仲密請舉州來附；戰于邙山
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 25, passages 207, 209
AD 547 武定五年正月丙午
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 3, passage 20
AD 543 to AD 550 武定初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 29, passages 62-63
AD 546 武定四年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 54-55; Book of Northern Qi 17, passage 36
AD 546 武定四年十一月
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 3, passage 19
AD 532 永熙元年正月壬午
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 198
AD 537 沙苑之敗
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 227; Book of Northern Qi 26, passages 38, 45; Book of Zhou 20, passages 232-233
AD 537 沙苑敗後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 14
AD 543 河陰之戰
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 27, passage 66
AD 540 to AD 547 渙童幼時
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 118
AD 532 破四胡於韓陵
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 149
AD 531 to AD 547 神武
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 10
AD 534 to AD 547 神武在晉陽
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 38, passage 116
AD 532 to AD 547 神武帝
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 183
AD 540 to AD 547 神武時
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 39, passages 61, 63
AD 500 to AD 525 神武生…為函使六年…自是乃有澄清天下之志
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 2, 11, 15, 19, 23, 30, 32
AD 532 to AD 547 神武皇帝
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 11, passages 60, 86
AD 532 神武至信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 34, passage 47
AD 534 to AD 547 神武親簡丞郎
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 39, passages 5-6
AD 531 to AD 547 神武巡泰州
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 210
AD 531 to AD 532 神武鎮晉州
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 204
AD 534 to AD 547 義旗之始至高祖故舊
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160
AD 531 to AD 532 至中興廢立
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passages 43, 48
AD 528 to AD 542 與高祖謀誅之至興和四年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 11, 50
AD 532 to AD 545 舉義至武定
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 17, passages 17, 32
AD 531 起兵信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 14, passages 220-221
AD 532 起義
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 27, passage 6
AD 531 起義信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 18-20
AD 534 通使於齊神武
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 17, passage 13
AD 536 遣侯景以輕騎邀之
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 32, passages 230, 234
AD 543 邙山之役
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 43, passage 110
AD 532 閏三月
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 202, 205, 211
AD 532 韓陵之戰
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 49, passage 27
AD 496 to AD 547 高歡
Strongly inferred · Book of Wei 31, passage 242
AD 534 to AD 547 高歡主政東魏
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 220-221
AD 534 to AD 547 高祖
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 139
AD 531 高祖之為晉州
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 12
AD 534 高祖之討斛斯椿
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 70
AD 534 to AD 547 高祖入朝還晉陽
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 178
AD 532 高祖入洛
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 112
AD 534 高祖入討斛斯椿
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 27, 30, 37
AD 547 高祖崩
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 46
AD 531 to AD 547 高祖懲其寬怠
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 47, passage 5
AD 534 to AD 547 高祖撥亂反正
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 46, passage 6
AD 531 高祖於信都起義
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 109
AD 534 to AD 547 高祖東巡
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 29, passage 80
AD 532 高祖自晉陽出滏口，行至襄垣
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 13-17
AD 532 高祖舉義
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 7
AD 531 to AD 547 高祖舉義山東
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 25, passage 6
AD 531 to AD 532 高祖起義
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 60
AD 532 to AD 547 高祖霸王
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 17, passages 255, 259
AD 531 魏中興初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 64-65
AD 538 魏元象元年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 6, passages 1, 3
AD 534 to AD 537 魏天平中
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 35, passage 11
AD 534 魏孝武與齊神武有隙
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 32, passage 215
AD 534 魏孝武西遷
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 43, passage 28
AD 531 魏普泰元年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 157, 162-168, 171, 178-180
AD 531 魏普泰元年三月
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 157, 159-160
AD 531 魏普泰元年二月
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 157
AD 530 to AD 531 魏普泰元年前（敘事緊接普泰元年二月）
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 145-146, 157
AD 531 魏普泰元年四月癸巳
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 157, 161
AD 531 魏普泰元年是月
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 157-158
AD 537 魏末
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 17, passage 82
AD 545 魏蘭陵公主出塞嫁蠕蠕
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 64
AD 534 to AD 547 齊神武
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 18, passage 30; Book of Zhou 21, passage 145
AD 531 to AD 543 齊神武出牧晉州至河陰
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 15, passages 237-238, 240-242
AD 537 齊神武寇沙苑
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 10, passage 217
AD 534 齊神武所害
Strongly inferred · Book of Zhou 10, passage 17
AD 534 齊神武稱兵
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 26, passage 88
AD 534 齊神武舉兵入洛
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 260
AD 535 齊神武配後
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 28, passage 125

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Consort Lou (婁妃)
consort 妃 · Primary marriage · AD 545 大同十一年
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0061c; zizhitongjian:159:s0061g; zizhitongjian:159:s0061h
Spouse of Rouran Princess (茹茹公主)
marry their princess 娶其女 · Marriage
Marriage · AD 545 大同十一年
Rouran princess 茹茹公主 · Marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 9, passages 18, 20; zizhitongjian:159:s0061e; zizhitongjian:159:s0061f
Ancestor of Xiaowan (孝琬)
legitimate grandson 嫡孫 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Wenxiang (文襄)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 86
Descendant of Gao Yin (高隱)
sixth-generation ancestor 六世祖 · paternal line · 6 generations
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 3
Child of Mother of Pang Cangying (蒼鷹母)
adopted son 義子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 70
Betrothed to Empress Wuming (武明皇后)
betrothed 聘 · Betrothal
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 15
Parent of Prince Huan of Shangdang (上黨王渙)
brother implies shared father 其弟
father 父
Strongly inferred · Book of Zhou 21, passage 153; Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 218
Kin of Lingshan (靈山)
clansman younger brother 族弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 220
Spouse of Dache (大車)
concubine 妾 · Favored concubinage
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0006c
Spouse of Empress Xiaozhuang of Wei (魏孝莊皇后)
took her in marriage 納之 · Marriage
concubine 妾 · Favored concubinage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 23; zizhitongjian:159:s0006c
Spouse of Consort Zheng (鄭妃)
consort 妃 · Secondary marriage
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 220, 224
Parent of Lady Gao (高氏)
daughter 女
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 21, passage 188
Parent of Daughter of Gao Huan (高祖女)
daughter 女
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 181
Parent of Duke Yang of Taiyuan (太原公洋)
Duke of Taiyuan 太原公
Strongly inferred · zizhitongjian:159:s0303b; zizhitongjian:159:s0340g
Sibling of Lady Changshan (常山君)
elder sister 姊 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 41
Parent of Wenxiang (文襄)
eldest son 長子 · paternal line
father 父 · paternal line
father 父
heir apparent 世子
son 子
son and heir 父子、世子
temple heir of Gaozu 世宗
Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 3, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 86; Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 46-48; Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 97; Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 116, 123; Book of Northern Qi 30, passages 28, 35; Book of Northern Qi 31, passages 79, 81; Book of Northern Qi 47, passage 54; Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 103; Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 37; Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 61; Book of Zhou 18, passage 162; Book of Northern Qi 6, passage 4; Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 220, 223; zizhitongjian:159:s0303c; zizhitongjian:159:s0019e
Spouse of Lou Zhaojun (婁昭君)
empress dowager 太后
empress 后
husband 夫 · Primary marriage
Empress Dowager Lou 婁太后
empress 后 · Primary marriage
Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 116; Book of Northern Qi 7, passages 1, 28, 31; Book of Northern Qi 9, passages 4-5, 7; Book of Northern Qi 3, passage 1
Spouse of Empress Wuming (武明後)
Empress Wuming 武明後
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 46-48
Spouse of Empress Dowager Wuming (武明皇太后)
empress 后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 6, passages 1-2
Spouse of Empress Wuming (武明後)
empress 後
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 151
Spouse of Empress Lou Wuming (武明皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 18, 33
Spouse of Empress Wuming née Lou (武明婁皇后)
empress 皇后
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Emperor Wenxuan of Qi (齊文宣帝)
father of Qi imperial house 齊神武
Strongly inferred · Book of Zhou 21, passages 145, 151
Parent of Emperor Wucheng (武成)
father 父 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 86
Parent of Empress Yongxi of Wei (魏永熙后)
father 父
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 46
Parent of Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi (文宣帝)
father 父
son 子
Yang 洋 · paternal line
Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 6, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3; Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 116; Book of Northern Qi 39, passages 62, 74; Book of Northern Qi 31, passages 79, 86; Book of Northern Qi 47, passage 175; Book of Northern Qi 3, passages 1, 29
Parent of Emperor Xiaozhao (孝昭帝)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 6, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3; Book of Northern Qi 7, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 31, passages 79, 84
Parent of Gao Qia (高洽)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Emperor Wucheng (武成帝)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 7, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao Shi (高湜)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 190
Parent of Gao Yan (高淹)
father 父
fourth son 第四子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 52
Parent of Gao Huan (高渙)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao Ji (高濟)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao Run (高潤)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao You (高浟)
father 父
fifth son 第五子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 61
Parent of Gao Jie (高湝)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao Jun (高浚)
father 父
third son 第三子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3-4
Parent of Gao Yu (高淯)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Parent of Gao Ning (高凝)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 3, 213
Parent of Princess Huaiyang (淮陽公主)
father 父
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 34, passage 184
Parent of Concubine's Daughter of Gao Huan (高歡庶女)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 34, passage 73
Sibling of Elder sister of Gao Huan (神武同產姊)
full elder sister 同產姊 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 11
Kin of Duan Xiaoxian (段孝先)
kinsman 親戚
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0340k
Child of Gao Shu (高樹)
late father 皇考
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 7, 11
Child of Lady Han (韓氏)
late mother 皇妣
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 11
Kin of Sizong (思宗)
nephew 從子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 36
Sibling of Paternal aunt of Emperor Xiaozhao (親姑)
sibling 兄/弟 · paternal line
paternal aunt 姑 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 6, passage 121
Kin of Sheng (盛)
paternal great-uncle 從叔祖
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 2
Kin of Yongle (永樂)
son of father's elder cousin 從祖兄子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 10
Kin of Yuan Shao (元韶)
son-in-law 婿
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 46, passage 101
Parent of Run (潤)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 220
Parent of Qia (洽)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 234
Parent of Jie (湝)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 161
Parent of Gao Ji (高濟)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 203
Parent of Huan (渙)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 116
Parent of Yu (淯)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 146
Parent of Gao Jie (高湝)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 183
Parent of Father of Prince of Ande
son 子
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 10, passages 175, 183
Spouse of Younger Sister of Han Gui (韓軌妹)
took as consort 所納 · Concubinage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 218
Spouse of Lesser Lady Erzhu (小尒朱氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Feng (馮氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Grand Lady Erzhu (大尒朱氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Han (韓氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Wang (王氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Mu (穆氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady You (游氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Zheng (鄭氏)
wife 妻 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Sibling of Gao Chen (高琛)
younger brother 家弟
younger brother 弟
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 10; Book of Northern Qi 13, passage 2
Kin of Xianguo (顯國)
younger cousin of the paternal clan 從祖弟
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 33
Kin of Gao Yue (高岳)
younger paternal cousin 從父弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passage 117
Kin of Guiyan (歸彥)
younger paternal-clan kinsman 族弟
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 137
Sibling of Princess of Leling (樂陵長公主)
younger sister 妹 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 162

Kinship Role sons · Count 15
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 3
Kinship Role sons · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 178

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

lived as the Xianbei 同鮮卑
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 12
sixth-generation ancestor Yin 六世祖隱
Line paternal · Ancestor Person Id Gao Yin (高隱) · Generation Distance 6
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 3

Career and standing

garrison courier for six years 為函使六年
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 23
military commander 將帥
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 116-117
hereditary governor of Ding Province 世襲定州刺史
AD 532 世襲定州刺史 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 232
trusted commander 親信都督
AD 525 to AD 528 孝昌以後至明帝崩前 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 73
Grand Chancellor 大丞相
AD 532 孝武旣卽位 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 232
commander of provincial and garrison troops 統州鎮兵
AD 530 to AD 531 建明前後 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 116-117

Show 33 more source-backed claims

Grand Eastern Headquarters 大行臺
AD 532 復授神武大行臺 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 270
Pillar-of-State Grand General 天柱大將軍
AD 532 授…天柱大將軍 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 232
Grand Preceptor 太師
AD 532 授…太師 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 232
vanguard 前鋒
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 75
Grand Chancellor 大丞相
AD 532 永熙元年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 199
Grand Preceptor 太師
AD 532 永熙元年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 199
Pillar-of-State Grand General 柱國大將軍
AD 532 永熙元年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 199
Inspector of Jin Province 晉州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 87
squad chief 隊主
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 15
Pillar-of-State Grand General 天柱大將軍
AD 532 神武辭天柱 · Declined
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 233
Eastern Route Grand Chief 東道大行臺
AD 531 魏普泰元年四月癸巳 · Granted
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 161
First Chief of the Garrison Peoples 第一鎮人酋長
AD 531 魏普泰元年四月癸巳 · Granted
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 161
Chief Clerk to Erzhu Rong 榮長史
AD 527 to AD 529 大通初 · Held
Directly stated · Book of Liang 32, passage 96
Governor of Jin Province 晉州刺史
AD 531 高祖之為晉州 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 12
Chancellor 丞相
Held
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passages 6, 19, 270
chief of the third garrison peoples 第三鎮人酋長
Promoted to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 82
commander-in-chief of all armies within and without 都督中外諸軍
Resigned
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 309
garrison courier 函使
Transferred
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 19
Duke of Pingyang Commandery 平陽郡公
AD 530 建明 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 98-99
Baron of Tongdi 銅鞮伯
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 79
fief totaling 150,000 households 封並前十五萬戶
AD 532 增封並前十五萬戶 · Granted
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 232
Prince of Bohai 渤海王
AD 531 魏普泰元年三月 · Offered
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 159
reduction of 50,000 households 減戶五萬
AD 532 減戶五萬 · Reduced
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 233
Emperor Shenwu 神武
AD 561 to AD 565 武成朝 · Posthumously honored
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 132
Prince of Bohai 渤海王
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 159
Duke of Pingyang Commandery 平陽郡公
Held
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 99
Fell ill
Illness
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270ad
Held
Garrison chief
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 82
Suffered
AD 546 武定四年 · Illness
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 55, 57, 60, 62
家貧
Poor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 15
unable to punish 不能罪
Declined · With Zu Ting (祖珽)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 85
execution 斬
AD 532 斬之 · Executed · With Erzhu Tianguang (尒朱天光), Erzhu Dulü (尒朱度律)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 237
execution 斬
AD 532 皆斬之 · Executed · With Qiao Ning (橋甯), Zhang Ziqi (張子期)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 250

Places and affiliations

Eastern Wei 東魏
Relation Ruled as regent
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passages 4, 148
Eastern Wei 東魏
Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 15, passages 16, 19
Eastern Wei 東魏
Relation Ruled
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 18, passage 30
Polity Eastern Wei court under Gao Huan 高祖 · Relation Led
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 26, passage 35
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Commanded in
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 25, passages 206-207
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Commanded
Strongly inferred · Book of Zhou 32, passages 220, 226, 230

Show 55 more source-backed claims

Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Dominated
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Dominated
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 178; Book of Northern Qi 34, passage 47
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Led
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 221; Book of Zhou 10, passage 217; Book of Zhou 20, passage 260
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Led
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 232
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Led
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 39, passage 19
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Ruled as hegemon
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 25, passages 6-7; Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 5
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Ruled as paramount
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 27, passages 6, 8
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 12, 16; Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160; Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 227
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 55, 63; Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 30, 44; Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 132
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 60
Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passages 237, 240; Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 7; Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 61; Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 270
Polity Eastern Wei 魏 · Relation Dominated
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 68
Polity Northern Qi 齊 · Relation Posthumously honored as emperor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 2
Polity Northern Wei 北魏 · Relation Active under
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 90, 99
Polity Northern Wei 北魏 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 43, 79, 157, 159, 231; Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 43
Polity Northern Wei 北魏 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 183, 198-199
Polity Northern Wei 魏 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 6, 15, 19; Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 8
Polity Qi / Eastern Wei 齊 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 23, passage 35
Polity Name Eastern Wei / Northern Qi 東魏/北齊 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 43, passage 28
At Tiao in Bohai 渤海蓚
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 2
AD 531 六月庚子
At Xindu 信都 · Relation Raised troops at
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 183, 221
AD 532 壬辰，還鄴
At Ye 鄴 · Relation Returned to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 234
AD 532 建大丞相府而定居焉
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Settled at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 241
AD 532 永熙元年正月壬午
At Ye 鄴 · Relation Captured
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 198
AD 532 神武至洛陽
At Luoyang 洛陽 · Relation Entered
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 231
AD 532 遂自滏口入
At Fukou Pass 滏口 · Relation Entered through
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 238
AD 532 閏三月
At Hanling 韓陵 · Relation Fought at
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 205, 211
AD 532 閏三月
At Zimo 紫陌 · Relation Encamped at
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 203
At Bing Province 幷州 · Relation Moved to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 63
At Dawang Mountain 大王山 · Relation Camped at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 151
At Heyang 河陽 · Relation Encamped at
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 25, passage 207
At Huaishuo garrison 懷朔鎮 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 15, 19
At Huize Marsh 回澤 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 33-34
At Ji Province 冀州 · Relation Seized
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 157
At Jianxing 建興 · Relation Traveled through
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 20
At Jin Province 晉州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 87
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Relied on armies of · Mode speech Speaker Lu Rou (盧柔)
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 32, passage 220
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Based at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Departed from
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 128
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Held as base
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 151
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 150
At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation Returned to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 178
At Luoyang 洛陽 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 23, 26-27
At northern frontier 北邊 · Relation Raised at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 12
At Shandong 山東 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 163
At Shangdang Ward 上黨坊 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 150
At Shangdang 上黨 · Relation Campaign reached
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 76
At Southern Residence 南宅 · Relation Residence
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 71
At Tuanjiao 團焦 · Relation Lodged at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 63, 72
At Xindu 信都 · Relation Halted at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 157
At Xindu 信都 · Relation Rose at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 49, passage 27
At Xiurong 秀容 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 49
At Yangqu Stream 陽曲川 · Relation Headquartered at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 118
At Ye 鄴 · Relation Encamped at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 155
At Yiping Tomb 義平陵 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 36

Works and attributed material

Denounced Erzhu
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 186
Forged
Letter · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 164
Letter · Author · Addressee nobles at Ye 鄴下諸貴
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 30, passages 28-30
Speech · Speaker · Quote true · Addressed to Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 54, 56, 58-60
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Cui Xuan (崔暹)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 30, passages 9-10, 32-35
Letter · Author · Addressed to Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 97

Show 31 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 93, 111-112, 115, 134-135, 137-138
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0023 · With Duan Rong (段榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 23
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0036 · With Duan Shao (段韶)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 36
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0041 · With Duan Shao (段韶)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 41
Final testament · Speaker · With Wenxiang (文襄) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 62
Historian appraisal · Subject · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
Memorialized to dismiss Sun Teng from office and send him on external appointment
Memorial · Author · With Sun Teng (孫騰) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 26
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation · Mode direct-quotation Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 10; zizhitongjian:159:s0010a
Message · Speaker · With Wei Xiaokuan (韋孝寬)
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270d
Raised righteousness at Xindu (silent subject continued from prior units)
Narrative action · Agent · Paraphrased
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 18
Speech · Speaker · With Sima Ziru (司馬子如)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 43, passage 21
Speech · Speaker · With Wenxiang (文襄)
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 340; zizhitongjian:159:s0340a; zizhitongjian:159:s0340c; zizhitongjian:159:s0340d; zizhitongjian:159:s0340e; zizhitongjian:159:s0340f; zizhitongjian:159:s0340g; zizhitongjian:159:s0340h; zizhitongjian:159:s0340i; zizhitongjian:159:s0340j; zizhitongjian:159:s0340k; zizhitongjian:159:s0340l
Speech · Speaker · With Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 38, passage 121
Speech · Speaker · With Zhao Yanshen (趙彥深)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 38, passage 120
Speech · Speaker · With Gao Guiyan (高歸彥)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passage 28
Speech · Speaker · With Duan Shao (段韶) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 59-60
The Mangshan Temple stele was called peerless—who should write the Dingguo Temple stele now? 昔作芒山寺碑文時稱妙絕今定國寺碑當使誰作詞
Speech · Speaker · With Chen Yuankang (陳元康) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 92
Speech · Speaker · With Wei Jing (尉景) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passages 45, 49
Speech · Speaker · With Li Hui (李繪)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 29, passages 80-82
Speech · Speaker · With Ping Jian (平鑒) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 26, passages 80-82
Speech · Speaker · With Huan (渙) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 118
the thousand-li colt of our house 此吾家千里駒也。
Speech · Speaker · With Run (潤) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 221
Speech · Speaker · With Cui Zhongwen (崔仲文) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passages 227, 229
吾至洛陽…財物豈可常守邪？
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode named-speech Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 27-29
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 35, passage 16
今日反決矣。
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 184
我昔日親聞天柱計，汝在戶前立，豈得言不反邪？且以君殺臣，何報之有？今日義絕矣。
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 208-210
本戮力者，共輔王室，今帝何在？
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 206
The Son of Heaven wrongly killed the Minister of Works! 天子枉害司空！
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 259
Were it not for Wei Jing, your subject would never have reached today. 臣非尉景，無以至今日。
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 55
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 140-143, 168-169, 171, 173-175, 177, 180-182; Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 21; Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 56-57

Events and relationships

Accepted as rebel leader
Political · Chosen leader
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 171-172, 176-177
Amassed wealth and bribed via Liu Gui
Corruption · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 88
Appointed clerk then governor
Personnel · Patron · With Pang Cangying (龐蒼鷹)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 162
Attacked fifty days
Military · Commander · Outcome Seventy thousand dead
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270ac
Attacked
AD 537 齊神武寇沙苑 · Military · Attacker · At Shayuan 沙苑
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 10, passage 217
Audited Hebei registers
Administrative · Director
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 43, passages 18-19

Show 171 more source-backed claims

Began plotting against Erzhu Zhao
Political · Plotter
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 94
Besieged
AD 531 十一月 · Military · Attacker · At Ye 鄴 · With Liu Dan (劉誕)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 194-195
Besieged
AD 546 武定四年 · Military · Commander · At Yubi 玉壁
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passages 54-55
Besieged
Military · Commander · At Yubi 玉壁 · With Wei Xiaokuan (韋孝寬)
Directly stated · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 270; zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
Besieged
Military · Commander · With Yang Kan (羊侃)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 39, passage 95
Bestowed grain and cloth on Azhiluo
AD 532 神武常賚其粟帛 · Diplomatic · Patron
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 271
Bribed Zhao attendants
Political · Briber
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 127
Buried
AD 547 高祖葬後 · Ritual · Deceased
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 139
Campaigned east against
AD 529 從高祖東征邢杲 · Military · Commander · With Xing Gao (邢杲)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 8
Captured and crushed mutineers
Military · Commander · At Qi city 齊城
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 11
Captured city
AD 532 永熙元年正月壬午 · Military · Commander · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 198
Clipped vicious horse without halter
Demonstration · Actor · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 53-54
Clouds mist thunder followed while riding post
Omen · Subject · At Jianxing 建興
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 20
Death kept secret
AD 547 武定五年春 · Political · Subject · At Jinyang 晉陽
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 63
Debated abolishing province
Political · Deliberator
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 240
Declined court summons
AD 531 魏普泰元年三月 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 160
Declined to punish
Political · Patron · With Kudie Gan (厙狄干)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 151
Defeated at Shayuan
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 14
Defeated Erzhu Zhao
AD 533 二年正月 · Military · Commander · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆) · At Chihong Ridge 赤洪嶺
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 245, 247-248
Defeated the Erzhu at Hanling
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 11
Defeated
AD 531 十月 · Military · Commander · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆) · At Guang'a 廣阿
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 193
Defeated
Military · Commander · With Yang Kan (羊侃) · At Mount Tai 泰山
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 81
Defeated
Military · Commander · With Xing Gao (邢杲) · At Jinan 濟南
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 81
Delayed march against Bu Fan
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 101-102
Denounced
AD 531 六月 · Political · Author
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 186
Deposed Jiemin and Zhongxing rulers and enthroned Xiaowu
AD 532 廢節閔及中興主而立孝武 · Political · Agent · With Emperor Jiemin (節閔), Zhongxing Emperor (中興主), Emperor Xiaowu (孝武)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 231
Dissuaded via failed image casting
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Remonstrance · Advisor · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 78
Diverted river
Military · Commander · At Fen 汾
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270a
Dreamed of treading stars
Omen · Dreamer
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 22
Drew bow against
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Threat · Actor · With Wenxiang (文襄)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 47
Drilled troops and held court power from afar
Military · Commander · At Jinyang 晉陽
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
Drilled troops repaired armor forbade pillaging
Military · Commander · At Shandong 山東
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 163
Embraced and wept with Gao Ao
Personal · Agent · With Gao Ang (高昂)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 259
Encamped
AD 543 東魏高仲密請舉州來附；戰于邙山 · Military · Commander · At Heyang 河陽
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 25, passages 207, 209
Enfeoffed for settlement merit
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Enfeoffment · Recipient
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 79
Entered Luoyang and deliberated succession
AD 532 入洛 · Political · Leader · At Luoyang 洛
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 112
Entered Luoyang
AD 532 高祖入洛 · Military · Leader · At Luoyang 洛
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 148
Entertained and gifted
Court · Host · With Sima Ziru (司馬子如)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 151
Enthroned Emperor Wu
AD 532 中興前後 · Political · Kingmaker · With Emperor Wu (武帝)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 48
Escorted troops weeping farewell
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 167
Established restoration sovereign
AD 531 起義信都 · Political · Kingmaker · With Restoration Sovereign (中興主)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 20
Expended fortune to gather followers
Political · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 26
Failed rescue of emperor
Military · Planner · With Emperor Xiaozhuang (孝莊帝)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 96
Feasted and swore brotherhood
AD 532 高祖自晉陽出滏口，行至襄垣 · Diplomatic · Participant · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 14
Feasted troops declared campaign against Erzhu
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 178
Feigned friendship seized blade killed escort
Military · Actor · With Nianxian (念賢)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 146
Fell out with
Political · Rival · With Emperor Xiaowu of Wei (魏孝武)
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 32, passage 215
Fled to
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Flight · Fugitive · With Ge Rong (葛榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 49
Fled
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Flight · Fugitive
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 45
Flogged forty strokes
Personal · Victim · With Ma Xiang (麻祥)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 25
Forced appearance despite illness
Medical · Patient
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0309c
Forged Bingzhou conscription order against Buluoji
Political · Author
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 165
Forged letter about Erzhu Zhao
Political · Author · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 164
Gave lavish burial
AD 533 兆自縊，神武親臨厚葬之 · Ritual · Agent · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 248
Halted pursuit for lack of consensus
AD 543 破周師於河陰 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 242
Heard of Zu Ting through the eulogy
Political · Patron · With Zu Ting (祖珽)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 61
Included thereafter
Military council · Participant · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 62
Inspected Tai Province; wished to transfer Gui
Administrative · Inspector
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 210
Invaded Fen and Jiang
AD 542 大統八年 · Military · Invader · At Fen and Jiang 汾、絳
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 39, passage 19
Invaded on three fronts
AD 537 大統三年 · Military · Invader · From Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 23, passage 35
Joined Zhao to destroy Bu Fan
Military · Ally
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 106
Joined
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Rebellion · Follower · With Du Luozhou (杜洛周)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 43
Kept Gui in Tai Province
Administrative · Authority
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 212
Killed dog with whistling arrow
Hunt · Participant · At Huize Marsh 回澤
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 35
Led horse on foot through wheat fields
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 153
Lifted siege
AD 546 十一月，庚子 · Military · Commander · At Yubi 玉壁
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
Lodged sixty days then advanced
Ritual geographic · Actor · At Dawang Mountain 大王山
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 151
Marched with Erzhu Rong against Yuan Hao
AD 527 to AD 529 大通初 · Military · Combatant · With Yuan Hao (元顥)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 32, passage 96
Marched against
Military · Commander · With Gao Zhongmi (高仲密)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 153
Marched from Jinyang via Fukou to Xiangyuan
AD 532 高祖自晉陽出滏口，行至襄垣 · Military · Commander · At Xiangyuan 襄垣
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 13
Marched from Jinyang via Fukou
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 128
Marched on Ye
AD 532 及平鄴 · Military · Commander · At Ye 鄴
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 22
Married empress to
Political · Arranger · With Yuan Shao (元韶)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 28, passage 125
Mobilized ten thousand then delayed twice
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 166
Mustered Eastern Wei forces and besieged Yubi
AD 546 中大同元年 · Military campaign · Commander
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0246b; zizhitongjian:159:s0246c; zizhitongjian:159:s0246d; zizhitongjian:159:s0246e
Northern campaign against Erzhu Zhao
AD 532 七月壬寅 · Military · Commander · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 235
Ordered garrison
Political · Authority · With Duan Shao (段韶) · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 61
Ordered treated as younger cousin
Political · Authority · With Gao Longzhi (高隆之)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 57
Pacified Bing Province
AD 532 幷州平 · Military · Commander · At Bing Province 幷州
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 240
Persuaded seven self styled kings to submit
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Diplomacy · Envoy · With Ge Rong (葛榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 80
Placed in Wei court
Political · Patron · With Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 44
Planned a campaign against Erzhu Zhao
Military · Commander · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passage 133
Plotted against
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Plot · Conspirator · With Du Luozhou (杜洛周)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 44-45
Praised and rewarded Cui Xian
AD 545 大同十一年 · Court commendation · Patron · With Cui Xuan (崔暹)
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0019a; zizhitongjian:159:s0019b; zizhitongjian:159:s0019c; zizhitongjian:159:s0019d; zizhitongjian:159:s0019e; zizhitongjian:159:s0019f; zizhitongjian:159:s0019g; zizhitongjian:159:s0019h; zizhitongjian:159:s0019i
Prepared western campaign
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 9, passage 10
Proposed entrust
Political · Authority · With Duan Shao (段韶) · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 57
Provincial storehouse horn sounded spontaneously
Omen · Witness
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 89
Punished
AD 534 入討斛斯椿 · Military · Commander · With Husi Chun (斛斯椿)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 30
Punished
Military · Commander · With Husi Chun (斛斯椿)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 70
Raided and confronted Wang Pi; drove Xiaowu west
Military · Commander
Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 18, passages 30, 42, 97
Raised arms / righteous standard
Military · Leader
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 7
Raised troops and entered Luoyang
AD 534 齊神武舉兵入洛 · Military · Commander · At Luoyang 洛
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 260
Raised troops at Xindu
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 4
Raised troops prompting western migration
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 26, passage 88
Raised arms
AD 531 起兵信都 · Military · Commander · At Xindu 信都
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 14, passage 221
Raised headquarters at Yangqu
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 118
Raised righteous banner
AD 531 高祖起義信都 · Military · Leader · At Xindu 信都
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 146
Raised righteous cause
AD 531 於信都起義 · Military political · Leader · At Xindu 信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 109
Raised righteousness at Xindu
AD 531 起義信都 · Political · Leader · At Xindu 信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 18
Raised righteousness
AD 531 六月庚子 · Military · Leader · At Xindu 信都
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 183
Reared in household
Personal · Child · With Wei Jing (尉景)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 11
Received command of Six Garrisons remnants
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 116-117
Received Langen and Minglang
AD 531 中山之敗後 · Political · Lord · With Langen (蘭根)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 73
Received Langen with courtesy
Political · Patron · With Wei Langen (魏蘭根)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 43
Recognized and pressed by
AD 542 興和四年 · Military · Commander in ranks · With Helü Sheng (賀拔勝) · At Mount Mang 邙山
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 51
Recruited Azhiluo
AD 532 神武遣使招納 · Diplomatic · Agent
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 268
Refused summons via Sun Teng
Political · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 91
Removed from office
Legal · Authority · With Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 37
Repeatedly censured
Political · Authority · With Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 47
Resolved to set the realm right
Political · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 30
Restored to office
Personnel · Authority · With Cui Ling (崔㥄)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 121
Routed
AD 532 閏三月 · Military · Commander · With Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆) · At Hanling 韓陵
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 205, 211
Song of the Tiele 敕勒歌
Ritual · Participant · Sang
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0309c
Saw Yulin guards burn Zhang Yi residence
Political · Witness · With Zhang Yi (張彝) · At Luoyang 洛陽
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 27
Seized Ji Province
AD 531 魏普泰元年二月 · Military · Commander · At Xindu 信都
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 157
Seized princess horses
Military · Actor · With Northern Xiangchang Princess (北鄉長公主)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 129
Sent Princess Lanling to marry Rouran
AD 545 魏蘭陵公主出塞嫁蠕蠕 · Diplomatic · Sender · With Princess Lanling (蘭陵公主)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 64
Sent white martial banner to console Gao Qian's family
Ritual · Agent · With Gao Gan (高乾)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 260
Sent Hou Jing against Xiang
Military · Principal · With Hou Jing (侯景)
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 32, passage 226
Sent Hou Jing to intercept Sheng
Military · Principal · With Hou Jing (侯景) · At Xiangyang 襄陽
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 32, passage 230
Sent Langen ahead to Luoyang
Political · Commander · With Wei Langen (魏蘭根)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 45
Served as vanguard
AD 528 明帝崩、孝莊即位前後 · Military · Vanguard · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 75
Sighted and rescued
AD 537 沙苑之敗 · Military · Commander · With Cui Zhongwen (崔仲文) · At Shayuan river crossing 沙苑
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 23, passages 227-228
Sought grain refused then took military rent rice
Military · Commander · With Liu Dan (劉誕) · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 155-156
Sought relocation of surrendered households to Shandong
Political · Petitioner
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 122-123
Stopped Wei Jing from seizing Zhao
Personal · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 140
Supernatural hosts vanished on return
Omen · Beneficiary · At Huize Marsh 回澤
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 41
Targeted at bamboo cluster game
Assassination plot target · Intended victim
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 26
Thrice petitioned emperor to release Wei Jing
Political · Petitioner · With Eastern Wei emperor (帝)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passages 55-56
Tightened discipline before Fukou
Military · Commander · At Fukou 滏口
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 152
Took refuge with
AD 525 孝昌元年 · Flight · Fugitive · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮) · At Xiurong 秀容
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 49
Urged strike on Zheng Yan and Xu He
Counsel · Advisor · With Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 58-60
Western campaign ending in Shaoyuan defeat
AD 537 沙苑之敗 · Military · Commander · At Shaoyuan 沙苑
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 26, passages 38, 45
Won troop allegiance
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 147
AD 532 於是魏帝與神武隙矣
Relation Estranged from · Person Emperor Xiaowu (孝武)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 266
AD 532 高祖自晉陽出滏口，行至襄垣
Relation Sworn brother of · Person Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 14
Relation Associate of · Person Gao Gan (高乾)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 157
Relation Client of · Person Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 49, 62, 73
Relation Patron of · Person Hulu Jin (斛律金)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 17, passages 17-18
Relation Bonded with · Person Sima Ziru (司馬子如)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 128
Relation Friend of · Person Sima Ziru (司馬子如)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
Relation Old friend of · Person Sima Ziru (司馬子如)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160
Relation Associate of · Person Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 166
Relation Friend of · Person Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
Relation Superior of · Person Sun Teng (孫騰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 8, 10, 15
Relation Friend of · Person Hou Jing (侯景)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
Relation Superior of · Person Hou Jing (侯景)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 273
Relation Patron of · Person Duan Shao (段韶)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 33
Relation Treated generously · Person Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 249
Relation Patron of · Person Song Youdao (宋遊道)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 47, passages 50, 52
Relation Trusted · Person Gao Longzhi (高隆之)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 119
Relation Political opponent of · Person Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 145, 164, 178
Relation Subordinate of · Person Ma Xiang (麻祥)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 23
Relation Companion of · Person Cai Jun (蔡儁)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 32, 44
Relation Friend of · Person Jia Xianzhi (賈顯智)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
Relation Commander of · Person Dou Tai (竇泰)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 244
Relation Patron of · Person Cui Ling (崔㥄)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passages 109-110, 121
Relation Companion of · Person Duan Rong (段榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 44
Relation Comrade of · Person Duan Rong (段榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 59
Relation Associate of · Person Wei Jing (尉景)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 166
Relation Companion of · Person Wei Jing (尉景)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 32, 44
Relation Patron of · Person Gao Rui (高叡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 13, passage 17
Relation Protege of · Person Duan Chang (段長)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 16-17
Relation Friend of · Person Liu Gui (劉貴)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
Relation Advised by · Person Feng Longzhi (封隆之)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 236-237
Relation Associate of · Person Feng Longzhi (封隆之)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 157, 179
Relation Patron of · Person Erzhu Wenchang (尒朱文暢)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 48, passage 23
Relation Patron of · Person Li Yuanzhong (李元忠)
Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 185
Relation Patron of · Person Chilie Fugui (叱列伏龜)
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 232
Relation Recruited · Person Pan Le (潘樂)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 237
Relation Patron of · Person Li Zhilian (李稚廉)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 43, passages 12, 14

Assessments and attributes

Assessment loyal, upright, benevolent, and generous, combining wisdom and courage · About Person Id Duan Shao (段韶) · Mode named-speech Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 62
Assessment remarkable strategic brilliance in discussing warfare · About Person Id Duan Shao (段韶) · Mode named-speech Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 56
Assessment admired and loved Huan; said this boy is like me · Mode named-source-report Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 118
Assessment all fortunes of the company turned on him; destined for rank · Assessor Person Id Blind mother at Huize Marsh (回澤盲母) · Mode named-speech Speaker Blind mother at Huize Marsh (回澤盲母)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 39
Assessment alone-fit-to-succeed-Erzhu-Rong-in-command · Mode speech Speaker Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 85
Assessment ambitious, commanding a great army · Mode named-person-judgment Source Person Id Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 124

Show 25 more source-backed claims

Assessment approved Pan Le's willingness to pursue · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 15, passage 242
Assessment blamed Gao Longzhi for failing to keep harmony · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 68
Assessment companions held him in still greater awe after the Huize encounter · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 42
Assessment could keep Hou Jing; Gao Cheng could not · Mode self-report Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · zizhitongjian:159:s0340c
Assessment entrusted capital affairs to distant deputies while holding hegemonic power at Jinyang · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 220
Assessment filial son at home and loyal minister to the state · With Cui Zhongwen (崔仲文) · Mode named-speech Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 23, passage 229
Assessment haggard-so-not-regarded-as-extraordinary · Mode named-source-report Witness Person Id Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 50
Assessment has talent to heal the realm; will not end obscurely · Assessor Person Id Duan Chang (段長) · Mode named-speech Speaker Duan Chang (段長)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 16
Assessment led troops with stern order and won hearts · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 154
Assessment local men of daring looked to him as leader · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 13
Assessment pacified the realm and kept power in his own hands · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 6, passage 154
Assessment received-heavenly-aid-at-Hanling · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 230
Assessment regretted not heeding Duan Rong's counsel after Weiqu defeat · Mode self-report Speaker Gao Huan (高歡) · With Duan Rong (段榮)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 23
Assessment reproved Gao Longzhi for lavish temple building · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Gao Huan (高歡)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 72
Assessment set the realm right after chaos · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 46, passage 6
Assessment sincere · Mode named-person-judgment Source Person Id Erzhu Zhao (尒朱兆)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 116
Assessment took Feng Longzhi's warning deeply to heart · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 237
reserved, far-sighted, generous with money, devoted to worthy companions
Character · 深沉有大度，輕財重士
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 13
would not eat standing
Habit · 性不立食
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 24
eyes gleamed; long head; high cheekbones; teeth white as jade; bearing of greatness in youth
Physical description · 目有精光，長頭高顴，齒白如玉，少有人傑表
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 14
AD 510 to AD 525 及聘武明皇后，始有馬
Item horse 馬 · Relation Acquired
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 15
Item three hundred horses 馬三百匹 · Relation Seized · From Person Id Northern Xiangchang Princess (北鄉長公主)
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 129
Item Southern Residence 南宅 · Relation Established from Pang house
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 71
Item Tuanjiao compound 團焦 · Relation Preserved whitewashed
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 72
Item whistling arrow 鳴鏑 · Relation Used
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 35

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 43, 146, 157, 184, 231; Book of Northern Qi 10, passage 220; Book of Northern Qi 11, passage 10; Book of Northern Qi 16, passage 55; Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 27, 61, 119; Book of Northern Qi 23, passages 43, 139, 178; Book of Northern Qi 28, passage 1; Book of Northern Qi 39, passages 5, 61, 132; Book of Liang 39, passage 95; Book of Zhou 10, passage 217; Book of Zhou 25, passage 207
Had fewer than two thousand cavalry and not thirty thousand infantry before Hanling
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 204
persuaded seven rebel chiefs styling themselves kings to submit
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 80
Wei shu altered 觀 from 歡 to avoid the name taboo on Gao Huan.
Directly stated · Book of Wei 31, passage 242
whenever he traveled roads he seemed untouched by wind and dust
往來無風塵之色
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 21

References in the histories

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History

570 passages

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 1Volume 1 Annals 1: Emperor Shenwu 1 · 119 passages

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神武上 Emperor Shenwu, Part One

齊高祖神武皇帝，姓高名歡，字賀六渾，渤海蓚人也。 Gaozu Emperor Shenwu of Northern Qi bore the surname Gao; his personal name was Huan and his style Heiliuhun. He came from Tiao in Bohai.

及神武生而皇妣韓氏殂，養於同產姊婿鎮獄隊尉景家。 When Gao Huan was born his mother Lady Han died, and he was reared in the household of his full elder sister's husband Wei Jing, captain of the garrison prison guard.

神武旣累世北邊，故習其俗，遂同鮮卑。 For generations his family had lived on the northern marches, so Gao Huan grew up in frontier ways and lived much like the Xianbei.

鎮將遼西段長常奇神武貌，謂曰：「君有康濟才，終不徒然。」 Duan Chang of Liaoxi, the garrison commander, often admired Gao Huan's looks and told him, "You have the talent to heal the realm; you will not end your days obscurely."

便以子孫為托。 And he entrusted his descendants to Gao Huan's care.

及貴，追贈長司空，擢其子寧用之。 After Gao Huan rose to power he posthumously honored Duan Chang with the title Minister of Works and brought his son Ning into office.

神武自隊主轉為函使。 Gao Huan moved from squad chief to garrison courier.

詳嘗以肉啖神武，神武性不立食，坐而進之。 Xiang once fed him meat; Gao Huan, who never ate standing, sat down to accept it.

祥以為慢己，笞神武四十。 Xiang took this as an insult and had Gao Huan beaten forty strokes.

劉貴嘗得一白鷹，與神武及尉景、蔡儁、子如、賈顯智等獵於沃野。 Liu Gui once came by a white hawk and went hunting on the open steppe with Gao Huan, Wei Jing, Cai Jun, Ziru, Jia Xianzhi, and the rest.

神武怒，以鳴鏑射之，狗斃。 Gao Huan, furious, killed the dog with a whistling arrow.

屋中有二人出，持神武襟甚急。 Two men burst from the hut and seized Gao Huan's robe in alarm.

因自言善暗相，遍捫諸人皆貴，而指麾俱由神武。 Declaring herself skilled in reading fate by touch, she passed her hands over each man and pronounced them all destined for rank, yet said every fortune turned on Gao Huan.

孝昌元年，柔玄鎮人杜洛周反於上谷，神武乃與同志從之。 In the first year of Xiaochang (525), Du Luozhou of Rouxuan garrison rebelled at Shanggu, and Gao Huan and his companions joined him.

文襄屢落牛，神武彎弓將射之以決去。 Wenxiang kept falling from the ox; Gao Huan bent his bow intending to shoot him to decide whether to abandon the flight.

先是，劉貴事榮，盛言神武美，至是始得見，以憔悴故，未之奇也。 Liu Gui had long served Erzhu Rong and spoken lavishly of Gao Huan's gifts; now Gao Huan finally met Rong face to face, but worn and haggard as he was, Rong saw nothing remarkable in him.

貴乃為神武更衣，復求見焉。 Liu Gui dressed Gao Huan in fresh clothes and arranged another meeting.

神武乃不加羈絆而翦，竟不蹄齧，已而起曰：「御惡人亦如此馬矣。」 Gao Huan clipped it without halter or hobble, and the beast never kicked or bit; when he finished he stood and said, "Taming wicked men is like taming this horse."

榮遂坐神武於床下，屏左右而訪時事。 Rong then seated Gao Huan below his couch, dismissed his attendants, and questioned him on the state of the realm.

神武曰：「聞公有馬十二谷，色別為羣，將此竟何用也？」 Gao Huan asked, "I hear you pasture horses in twelve valleys, sorted by color—what do you mean to do with them?"

神武曰：「方今天子愚弱，太后淫亂，孽寵擅命，朝政不行。 Gao Huan said, "The emperor is weak and the empress dowager debauched; favored creatures command at will and the court has ceased to govern.

此賀六渾之意也。」 That is Heiliuhun's counsel."

榮大悅，語自日中至夜半，乃出。 Rong was delighted; they talked from noon until midnight before Gao Huan left.

自是每參軍謀。 From then on Gao Huan was included in every council of war.

後從榮徙據幷州，抵揚州邑人龐蒼鷹，止團焦中。 Later, when Rong shifted his base to Bing Province, Gao Huan stayed with Pang Cangying of Yangzhou township in a round-walled compound called Tuanjiao.

因殺牛分肉，厚以相奉。 He slaughtered an ox and brought Gao Huan generous gifts of meat.

蒼鷹母求以神武為義子。 Cangying's mother asked to adopt Gao Huan as a son.

及得志，以其宅為第，號為南宅。 After Gao Huan rose to power he made the house his own mansion and called it the Southern Residence.

旣而榮以神武為親信都督。 Soon after, Erzhu Rong appointed Gao Huan trusted commander.

榮以神武為前鋒。 Rong made Gao Huan his vanguard.

神武諫，恐不聽，請鑄像卜之，鑄不成，乃止。 Gao Huan remonstrated; fearing Rong would not heed him, he had a Buddha image cast for divination—and when the casting failed, Rong abandoned the plan.

孝莊帝立，以定策勳，封銅鞮伯。 When Emperor Xiaozhuang took the throne, Gao Huan was enfeoffed Baron of Tongdi for his role in the settlement.

及尒朱榮擊葛榮，令神武喻下賊別稱王者七人。 When Erzhu Rong campaigned against Ge Rong, he sent Gao Huan to talk seven rebel kings into surrender.

曰：「此正可統三千騎以還，堪代我主衆者，唯賀六渾耳。」 Rong said, "Zhao can lead three thousand horsemen home, but only Heiliuhun is fit to replace me in command of the host."

乃以神武為晉州刺史。 He thereupon appointed Gao Huan inspector of Jin Province.

於是大聚斂，因劉貴貨榮下要人，盡得其意。 Gao Huan amassed wealth on a grand scale and, through Liu Gui, bought off Erzhu Rong's inner circle until he knew their minds completely.

時州庫角無故自鳴，神武異之，無幾而孝莊誅榮。 About then a horn in the provincial storehouse sounded of its own accord; Gao Huan took it for an omen—and soon Emperor Xiaozhuang killed Erzhu Rong.

及尒朱兆自晉陽將舉兵赴洛，召神武。 When Erzhu Zhao prepared to march from Jinyang on Luoyang, he summoned Gao Huan.

神武使長史孫騰辭以絳蜀、汾胡欲反，不可委去。 Gao Huan sent his chief clerk Sun Teng to excuse him, claiming the Jiang-Shu and Fen-Hu tribes were on the verge of revolt and he could not abandon his post.

騰復命，神武曰：「兆舉兵犯上，此大賊也，吾不能久事之。」 When Sun Teng returned, Gao Huan said, "Zhao is marching against the throne—he is a traitor, and I cannot serve him much longer."

及兆入洛，執莊帝以北，神武聞之，大驚。 When Zhao entered Luoyang and dragged Emperor Xiaozhuang north as a prisoner, Gao Huan was dismayed.

封神武為平陽郡公。 Gao Huan was enfeoffed Duke of Pingyang Commandery.

及費也頭紇豆陵步藩入秀容，逼晉陽，兆徵神武。 When Helouling Bofan of the Feiyetou entered Xiurong and threatened Jinyang, Zhao again summoned Gao Huan.

神武將往，賀拔焉過兒請緩行以弊之。 Gao Huan was preparing to march when Heba Yanguo'er urged him to go slowly and wear the enemy down.

神武乃往往逗遛，辭以河無橋不得渡。 Gao Huan deliberately lingered, claiming there was no bridge and he could not cross the river.

步藩旣敗兆等，以兵勢日盛，兆又請救於神武。 Once Bu Fan had routed Erzhu Zhao, his army grew stronger by the day, and Zhao turned again to Gao Huan for help.

神武內圖兆，復慮步藩後之難除，乃與兆悉力破之。 Gao Huan intended to destroy Zhao but feared Bu Fan would prove still harder to remove later, so he joined Zhao and broke Bu Fan between them.

藩死，深德神武，誓為兄弟。 After Bu Fan fell, Erzhu Zhao was deeply grateful to Gao Huan and swore brotherhood with him.

兆患之，問計於神武。 Erzhu Zhao was vexed by this and asked Gao Huan's counsel.

神武曰：「六鎮反殘，不可盡殺，宜選王素腹心者私使統焉。 Gao Huan said, "The Six Garrisons rebels cannot all be slaughtered. Send men you trust in private to command them.

賀拔允時在坐，請神武。 Heba Yun, who was present, named Gao Huan.

神武拳毆之，折其一齒，曰：「生平天柱時，奴輩伏處分如鷹犬，今日天下安置在王，而阿鞠泥敢誣下罔上，請殺之。」 Gao Huan struck him with his fist and broke a tooth, saying, "In the days of the Heavenly Pillar you fellows submitted to orders like hawks and hounds. The realm now rests with you, my lord, yet Ajuni dares deceive those below and mislead those above—I ask leave to kill him."

兆以神武為誠，遂以委焉。 Erzhu Zhao took Gao Huan for sincere and entrusted the command to him.

神武以兆醉，恐醒後或致疑貳，遂出，宣言受委統州鎮兵，可集汾東受令。 While Zhao was drunk, Gao Huan feared he might afterward grow suspicious; he went out and proclaimed that, empowered to command the provincial garrisons, the troops were to assemble east of the Fen for orders.

有款軍門者，絳巾袍，自稱梗楊驛子，願廁左右。 A man in a red kerchief and robe came to the gate, calling himself the Gengyang relay runner, and asked to serve at Gao Huan's side.

訪之，則以力聞，常於幷州市搭殺人者，乃署為親信。 Inquiry showed he was famed for strength and had killed men in brawls at the Bingzhou market; Gao Huan made him a personal guard.

兵士素惡兆而樂神武，於是莫不皆至。 The troops had long hated Erzhu Zhao and welcomed Gao Huan, so all rallied to him.

居無何，又使劉貴請兆，以幷、肆頻歲霜旱，降戶掘黃鼠而食之，皆面無穀色，徒汚人國土，請令就食山東，待溫飽而處分之。 Before long Gao Huan sent Liu Gui to ask Zhao: Bing and Si had suffered frost and drought for years; surrendered households dug out yellow rats to eat, faces gaunt and wasted. Let them move east to forage in Shandong and settle once they are fed, he urged.

其長史慕容紹宗諫曰：「不可，今四方擾擾，人懷異望，況高公雄略，又握大兵，將不可為。」 His chief secretary Murong Shaozong warned, "You cannot do this. The realm is in turmoil and men turn their hopes elsewhere; Gao Huan is ambitious and now commands a great army—this cannot stand."

時兆左右已受神武金，因譖紹宗與神武舊有隙，兆乃禁紹宗而催神武發。 By then Zhao's attendants had taken Gao Huan's gold and accused Shaozong of an old feud with Gao Huan; Zhao imprisoned Shaozong and pressed Gao Huan to march.

神武乃自晉陽出滏口。 Gao Huan marched out of Jinyang through Fukou Pass.

於是自追神武。 He set out in pursuit himself.

神武隔水拜曰：「所以借公主馬，非有他故，備山東盜耳。 Gao Huan bowed from across the water and said, "I took the princess's horses only to provision against bandits in the east.

兆自陳無此意，因輕馬渡，與神武坐幕下，陳謝，遂授刀引頭，使神武斫己。 Zhao swore he meant no harm, rode across lightly, and sat with Gao Huan under the tent to apologize; he handed over a knife and offered his neck for Gao Huan to strike.

神武大哭曰：「自天柱薨背，賀六渾更何所仰，願大家千萬歲，以申力用。 Gao Huan wept and said, "Since the Heavenly Pillar died, Heiliuhun has no one else to serve. Live ten thousand years, my lord, that I may still put my strength at your use.

尉景伏壯士欲執兆，神武齧臂止之曰：「今殺之，其黨必奔歸聚結。 Wei Jing had hidden strong men ready to seize Zhao; Gao Huan bit his arm to stop him, saying, "Kill him now and his faction will scatter and regroup.

旦日，兆歸營，又召神武，神武將上馬詣之，孫騰牽衣，乃止。 Next day Zhao returned to camp and summoned Gao Huan again; Gao Huan was about to ride to him, but Sun Teng seized his robe and held him back.

兆心腹念賢領降戶家累別為營，神武偽與之善，觀其佩刀，因取之以殺其從者，從者盡散。 Nianxian, a trusted man of Zhao's, camped apart with the families of surrendered households; Gao Huan feigned friendship, snatched the blade at his belt, and killed his escort—the rest scattered.

後上黨人居晉陽者，號上黨坊，神武實居之。 Later those from Shangdang living at Jinyang formed what was called Shangdang Ward—and Gao Huan had lived there.

將過麥地，神武輒步牽馬。 Passing wheat fields, he always led his horse on foot.

遠近聞之，皆稱高儀同將兵整肅，歸心焉。 Near and far men praised Gao, Equal in Ceremonies, for his disciplined troops and gave him their hearts.

有軍營租米，神武自取之。 He took it himself from the military storehouses.

魏普泰元年二月，神武自軍次信都，高乾、封隆之開門以待，遂據冀州。 In the second month of Wei Putai 1 (531), Gao Huan halted at Xindu; Gao Gan and Feng Longzhi opened the gates, and he seized Ji Province.

是月，尒朱度律廢元曄而立節閔帝，欲羈縻神武。 That month Erzhu Dulü deposed Yuan Ye and enthroned Emperor Jiemin, hoping to bind Gao Huan.

三月，乃白節閔帝，封神武為渤海王，徵使入覲。 In the third month he had Emperor Jiemin enfeoff Gao Huan as Prince of Bohai and summoned him to court.

神武辭。 Gao Huan declined.

龐蒼鷹自太原來奔，神武以為行臺郎，尋以為安州刺史。 Pang Cangying fled from Taiyuan; Gao Huan made him a chief's clerk, then governor of An Province.

神武自向山東，養士繕甲，禁侵掠，百姓歸心。 Turning east into Shandong, Gao Huan drilled troops and repaired armor, forbade pillaging, and won the people.

神武親送之郊，雪涕執別，人皆號慟，哭聲動地。 Gao Huan escorted them to the suburbs himself, weeping as he took leave; the men wailed until the earth seemed to shake.

神武乃喻之曰：「與爾俱失鄉客，義同一家，不意在上乃爾徵召。 Gao Huan told them, "We are all exiles from home, one family in name—I never thought they would summon you like this.

神武曰：「反是急計，須推一人為主。」 Gao Huan said, "Rebellion is the urgent move—but we must choose a leader."

衆願奉神武。 They wanted Gao Huan.

神武曰：「爾鄉里難制，不見葛榮乎？ Gao Huan said, "Your kind is hard to rule—have you forgotten Ge Rong?

神武曰若不得已。 Gao Huan said, "If there is no other way."

神武曰：「討賊，大順也； Gao Huan said, "Punishing these rebels is righteousness itself;

及李元忠與高乾平殷州，斬尒朱羽生首來謁，神武撫膺曰：「今日反決矣。」 When Li Yuanzhong and Gao Gan took Yin Province and brought Erzhu Yusheng's head, Gao Huan struck his breast and said, "Today the break is made."

八月，尒朱兆攻陷殷州，李元忠來奔。 In the eighth month Erzhu Zhao took Yin Province and Li Yuanzhong fled to Gao Huan.

神武用竇泰策，縱反間，度律、仲遠不戰而還。 Using Dou Tai's counsel, Gao Huan spread discord and Dulü and Zhongyuan withdrew without fighting.

神武乃敗兆於廣阿。 Gao Huan then defeated Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a.

神武起土山，為地道，往往建大柱，一時焚之，城陷入地。 Gao Huan built earthworks and dug tunnels, propping them with great pillars that he burned at once—the walls collapsed into the earth.

麻祥時為湯陰令，神武呼之曰：「麻都！」 Ma Xiang was magistrate of Tangyin; Gao Huan called out, "Prefect Ma!"

廢帝進神武大丞相、柱國大將軍、太師。 The Deposed Emperor promoted Gao Huan to Grand Chancellor, Pillar-of-State Grand General, and Grand Preceptor.

神武令封隆之守鄴，自出頓紫陌。 Gao Huan left Feng Longzhi to hold Ye and marched out to encamp at Zimo.

尒朱兆責神武以背己，神武曰：「本戮力者，共輔王室，今帝何在？」 Erzhu Zhao accused Gao Huan of betrayal. Gao Huan said, "We joined forces to serve the throne—where is the emperor now?"

神武曰：「我昔日親聞天柱計，汝在戶前立，豈得言不反邪？ Gao Huan said, "I heard the Heavenly Pillar's plan myself—you stood at the gate. Can you say you never meant to rebel?

是時神武起於信都，至是而破兆等。 Gao Huan had risen at Xindu—and by now he had broken Zhao and the rest.

旣而神武至洛陽，廢節閔及中興主而立孝武。 Soon Gao Huan reached Luoyang, deposed Emperor Jiemin and the Zhongxing emperor, and enthroned Emperor Xiaowu.

孝武旣卽位，授神武大丞相、天柱大將軍、太師、世襲定州刺史，增封並前十五萬戶。 Once enthroned, Emperor Xiaowu made Gao Huan Grand Chancellor, Pillar-of-State Grand General, Grand Preceptor, and hereditary governor of Ding Province, raising his fief to one hundred fifty thousand households in all.

神武辭天柱，減戶五萬。 Gao Huan declined the Pillar-of-State title and surrendered fifty thousand households.

七月壬寅，神武帥師北伐尒朱兆。 On the renyin day of the seventh month Gao Huan led his army north against Erzhu Zhao.

神武深以為然，乃歸天光、度律於京師，斬之。 Gao Huan took this to heart and sent Tianguang and Dulü back to the capital to be executed.

神武以晉陽四塞，乃建大丞相府而定居焉。 Because Jinyang was walled in on four sides, Gao Huan built his Grand Chancellor's headquarters there and made it his base.

神武揚聲討之，師出止者數四，兆意怠。 Gao Huan loudly proclaimed he would attack, yet his army marched out and halted four times, until Zhao grew careless.

神武揣其歲首當宴會，遣竇泰以精騎馳之，一日一夜行三百里，神武以大軍繼之。 Guessing Zhao would be feasting at the New Year, Gao Huan sent Dou Tai with elite cavalry at a gallop—three hundred li in a day and a night—and followed with the main army.

兆自縊，神武親臨厚葬之。 Zhao hanged himself; Gao Huan came in person and gave him a lavish burial.

慕容紹宗以尒朱榮妻子及餘衆自保烏突城，降，神武以義故，待之甚厚。 Murong Shaozong held Wutu City with Erzhu Rong's family and the remnants; he surrendered, and for old righteousness's sake Gao Huan treated him with great generosity.

神武之入洛也，尒朱仲遠部下都督橋甯、張子期自滑臺歸命，神武以其助亂，且數反覆，皆斬之。 When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, commanders Qiao Ning and Zhang Ziqi of Erzhu Zhongyuan's force submitted from Huatai. Gao Huan beheaded them for aiding rebellion and for repeated treachery.

斛斯椿由是內不自安，乃與南陽王寶炬及武衛將軍元毗、魏光、王思政構神武於魏帝。 Husi Chun was inwardly ill at ease; with Prince Nanyang Baoju and Military Guard Generals Yuan Pi, Wei Guang, and Wang Sizheng he slandered Gao Huan to the Wei emperor.

舍人元士弼又奏神武受敕大不敬。 Palace Attendant Yuan Shibi also memorialized that Gao Huan had shown great disrespect in receiving imperial edicts.

時司空高乾密啟神武，言魏帝之貳，神武封呈。 Minister of Works Gao Qian secretly warned Gao Huan that the emperor's heart was divided; Gao Huan sealed the letter and forwarded it.

昂先聞其兄死，以矟刺柱，伏壯士執紹業於路，得敕書於袍領，來奔。 Ao had already heard of his brother's death. He drove his spear into a pillar, set strong men to seize Shaoye on the road, found the secret edict in his robe collar, and fled to Gao Huan.

神武抱其首，哭曰：「天子枉害司空！」 Gao Huan clasped his head and wept, saying, "The Son of Heaven wrongly killed the Minister of Works!"

逢使者，亦來奔。 He met the imperial envoy on the road and fled to Gao Huan as well.

於是魏帝與神武隙矣。 The breach between the Wei emperor and Gao Huan was now complete.

神武遣使招納，便附款。 Gao Huan sent envoys to summon them and they at once submitted.

至是，以殊俗歸降，復授神武大行臺，隨機處分。 Now, because distant peoples had submitted, Gao Huan was again given the Grand Eastern Headquarters with discretion to act as needed.

神武常賚其粟帛，議者以為徒費無益，神武不從，撫慰如初。 Gao Huan regularly bestowed grain and cloth on them; advisers called it wasted expense, but he would not listen and continued to comfort them as before.

河西費也頭虜紇豆陵伊利居河池，恃險擁衆，神武遣長史侯景屢招不從。 The Feiyetou barbarian of Hexi, Qidouling Yili, held Hechi behind strong terrain with a great following; Gao Huan's chief secretary Hou Jing repeatedly summoned him, but he would not submit.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 3Volume 3 Annals 3: Emperor Wenxiang · 10 passages

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世宗文襄皇帝，諱澄，字子惠，神武長子也，母曰婁太后。 Emperor Wenxiang, temple name Shizong of Northern Qi, bore the personal name Cheng and the style Zihui. He was the eldest son of Gao Huan; his mother was Empress Dowager Lou.

生而岐嶷，神武異之。 From birth he was precocious and keen; Gao Huan took him for a prodigy.

神武試問以時事得失，辨析無不中理，自是軍國籌策皆預之。 Gao Huan tested him on the affairs of the day; his analysis never missed the mark, and from then on he was included in every plan of war and state.

武定四年十一月，神武西討，不豫班師，文襄馳赴軍所，侍衛還晉陽。 In the eleventh month of Wuding 4 (546), Gao Huan marched west, fell ill, and withdrew; Gao Cheng raced to the army, attended him, and escorted him back to Jinyang.

五年正月丙午，神武崩，秘不發喪。 In the first month of Wuding 5 (547), on bingwu day, Gao Huan died; the death was kept secret.

丁丑，文襄還晉陽，乃發喪，告喻文武，陳神武遺志。 On dingchou day Gao Cheng returned to Jinyang, announced the death, informed civil and military officials, and set forth Gao Huan's final wishes.

八月戊辰，文襄啟申神武遺令，請減國邑分封將督，各有差。 In the eighth month, on wuchen day, Gao Cheng memorialized to carry out Gao Huan's final command, asking to reduce the royal fief and enfeoff generals and commanders, each according to rank.

先王與司徒契闊夷險，孤子相依，偏所眷屬，義貫終始，情存歲寒。 The late king and the Minister of Works shared hardship through peril and isolation; I, his orphan, depended on you—you were his special charge. Righteousness ran from first to last; affection endured through the cold years.

往年之暮，尊王遘疾，神不祐善，祈禱莫瘳。 In the late months of the year before, the honored king fell ill; the spirits did not bless the good, and prayers brought no cure.

且尊王平昔見與比肩，戮力同心，共獎帝室，雖復權勢參差，寒暑小異，丞相司徒，雁行而已。 Moreover the honored king in former days treated me as an equal; we strove together with one heart and jointly upheld the imperial house—though power was unequal and cold and heat differed slightly, Chancellor and Minister of Works were only like geese in flight.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 6Volume 6 Annals 6: Emperor Xiaozhao · 6 passages

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孝昭皇帝演，字延安，神武皇帝第六子，文宣皇帝之母弟也。 Emperor Xiaozhao, whose personal name was Yan and style name Yan'an, was the sixth son of Emperor Shenwu and the full younger brother of Emperor Wenxuan.

乙酉，詔自太祖創業已來，諸有佐命功臣子孫絕滅，國統不傳者，有司搜訪近親，以名聞，當量為立後； On the yiyou day, an edict declared that since the Founding Emperor's rise to power, wherever the descendants of founding ministers had died out and their lines of succession were broken, officials should search for close relatives, report their names, and appoint successors as appropriate.

癸丑，有司奏太祖獻武皇帝廟宜奏《武德》之樂，舞《昭烈》之舞； On the guichou day, officials memorialized that the temple of the Founding Emperor, Emperor Xianwu, should use the hymn "Martial Virtue" and the dance "Illustrious Fierceness."

庚申，詔以故太師尉景、故太師竇泰、故太師太原王婁昭、故太宰章武王厙狄幹、故太尉段榮、故太師万俟普、故司徒蔡儁、故太師高乾、故司徒莫多婁貸文、故太保劉貴、故太保封祖裔、故廣州刺史王懷十二人配饗太祖廟庭，故太師清河王岳、故太宰安德王韓軌、故太宰扶風王可朱渾道元、故太師高昂、故大司馬劉豐、故太師万俟受洛干、故太尉慕容紹宗七人配饗世宗廟庭，故太尉河東王潘相樂、故司空薛脩義、故太傅破六韓常三人配饗顯祖廟庭。 On the gengshen day, an edict ordered twelve deceased ministers to receive associated sacrifice in the Founding Emperor's temple, including Wei Jing, Dou Tai, Lou Zhao, She Digan, Duan Rong, Wan Sipo, Cai Jun, Gao Gan, Moduo Lou Daiwen, Liu Gui, Feng Zuyi, and Wang Huai; seven others in Emperor Wenxiang's temple, including Princes Yue, Han Gui, and Kezhuhun Daoyuan, Liu Feng, Wan Sipo Shouluogan, and Murong Shaozong; and three more in Emperor Wenxuan's temple—Pan Xiangle, Xue Xiuyi, and Poliuhan Chang.

雄斷有謀，于時國富兵強，將雪神武遺恨，意在頓駕平陽，為進取之策。 Bold and decisive, he was also a man of strategy. The realm was then rich and its armies strong, and he meant to avenge the grievances left by Emperor Shenwu, planning to establish his headquarters at Pingyang as a base for conquest.

論曰：神武平定四方，威權在己，遷鄴之後，雖主器有人，號令所加，政皆自出。 Commentary: Emperor Shenwu pacified the realm and kept power firmly in his own hands. After the capital was moved to Ye, though a sovereign sat on the throne, every command and every policy issued from him alone.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 7Volume 7 Annals 7: Emperor Wucheng · 3 passages

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世祖武成皇帝，諱湛，神武皇帝第九子，孝昭皇帝之母弟也。 Emperor Wucheng, Gao Zhan, posthumous title Shizu, was the ninth son of Emperor Shenwu and the full younger brother of Emperor Xiaozhao.

儀錶瑰傑，神武尤所鍾愛。 Handsome in bearing and striking in appearance, he was especially beloved by Emperor Shenwu.

神武方招懷荒遠，乃為帝聘蠕蠕太子庵羅辰女，號「鄰和公主」。 While Emperor Shenwu was working to bring distant peoples into allegiance, he betrothed the prince to the daughter of Anluochen, the Rouran crown prince, who was given the title "Princess Linhe."

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 9Volume 9 Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 11 passages

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及見神武於城上執役，驚曰：「此真吾夫也。」 When she saw Gao Huan laboring on the city wall, she started and said, "This is truly my husband."

神武既有澄清之志，傾產以結英豪，密謀秘策，后恒參預。 Once Gao Huan resolved to restore order, he spent his estate to win over heroes; in secret plots and hidden stratagems Empress Lou always took part.

性寬厚，不妒忌，神武姬侍，咸加恩待。 Her nature was generous and free of jealousy; Gao Huan's concubines and attendants she treated with equal favor.

神武嘗將西討出師，後夜孿生一男一女，左右以危急，請追告神武。 Once, as Gao Huan was about to march west on campaign, the empress gave birth at night to twins, a boy and a girl. Those beside her, finding the situation perilous, asked to send word after him.

后弗聽曰：「王出統大兵，何得以我故輕離軍幕。 The empress would not hear of it. "The king has gone forth to command a great army," she said. "He cannot lightly leave the command tent on my account.

神武聞之，嗟歎良久。 When Gao Huan heard of it, he sighed in admiration for a long while.

神武悅，以告于后。 Gao Huan was pleased and told the empress.

神武逼於茹茹，欲娶其女而未決。 Gao Huan, pressed by the Rouran, wished to marry their princess but had not yet decided.

神武愧而拜謝焉，曰：「彼將有覺，願絕勿顧。」 Gao Huan, ashamed, bowed and apologized to her, saying, "She will notice — please sever all ties and do not look back."

五月甲申，合葬義平陵。 On the jiashen day of the fifth month she was interred with Gao Huan at Yiping Tomb.

論曰：神武肇興齊業，武明追蹤周亂。 The appraisal says: Shenwu founded Qi's enterprise, but Wuming followed the path of Zhou's disorder.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 10Volume 10 Biographies 2: Eleven Princes of Shenwu · 18 passages

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高祖十一王 The Eleven Princes of Shenwu

神武皇帝十五男：武明婁皇后生文襄皇帝、文宣皇帝、孝昭皇帝、襄城景王淯、武成皇帝、博陵文簡王濟，王氏生永安簡平王浚，穆氏生平陽靖翼王淹，大尒朱氏生彭城景思王浟、華山王凝，韓氏生上党剛肅王渙，小尒朱氏生任城王湝，游氏生高陽康穆王湜，鄭氏生馮翊王潤，馮氏生漢陽敬懷王洽。 Gao Huan, the Shenwu Emperor, had fifteen sons: Empress Wuming née Lou bore Gao Cheng, Gao Yang, Gao Yan, Prince Jing of Xiangcheng Yu, Gao Zhan, and Prince Wenjian of Boling Ji; Lady Wang bore Prince Jianping of Yong'an Jun; Lady Mu bore Prince Jingyi of Pingyang Yan; the Grand Lady Erzhu bore Prince Jingsi of Pengcheng You and Prince of Huashan Ning; Lady Han bore Prince Gangsu of Shangdang Huan; the Lesser Lady Erzhu bore Prince of Rencheng Jie; Lady You bore Prince Kangmu of Gaoyang Shi; Lady Zheng bore Prince of Fengyi Run; Lady Feng bore Prince Jinghuai of Hanyang Qia.

永安簡平王浚，字定樂，神武第三子也。 Prince Jianping of Yong'an, Jun, whose style name was Dingyue, was the third son of Gao Huan.

初，神武納浚母，當月而有孕，及產浚，疑非己類，不甚愛之。 When Gao Huan first took Jun's mother into his household, she conceived that same month; when Jun was born he doubted the child was truly his and showed little affection.

平陽靖翼王淹，字子邃，神武第四子也。 Prince Jingyi of Pingyang, Yan, whose style name was Zisui, was the fourth son of Shenwu.

彭城景思王浟，字子深，神武第五子也。 Prince Jingsi of Pengcheng, You, whose style name was Zishen, was the fifth son of Gao Huan.

上黨剛肅王渙，字敬壽，神武第七子也。 Prince Gangsu of Shangdang, Huan, whose style name was Jingshou, was the seventh son of Gao Huan.

神武壯而愛之，曰：「此兒似我。」 Gao Huan admired him and said, "This boy is my image."

初，術士言亡高者黑衣，由是自神武后，每出行，不欲見沙門，為黑衣故也。 Diviners had once said the destroyer of the Gao would wear black; after Gao Huan's death the court on its travels avoided Buddhist monks for that reason.

襄城景王淯，神武第八子也。 Prince Jing of Xiangcheng, Yu, was the eighth son of Shenwu.

任城王湝，神武第十子也，少明慧。 Prince Jie of Rencheng was the tenth son of Shenwu and was bright and perceptive from youth.

湝曰：「下官神武帝子，兄弟十五人，幸而獨存，逢宗社顛覆，今日得死，無愧墳陵。」 Jie said, "I am a son of the Shenwu Emperor; of fifteen brothers I alone survive. To see the altars overturned and die today — I need feel no shame before our tombs."

高陽康穆王湜，神武第十一子也。 Prince Kangmu of Gaoyang, Shi, was the eleventh son of Gao Huan.

博陵文簡王濟，神武第十二子也。 Prince Wenjian of Boling, Ji, was the twelfth son of Gao Huan.

華山王凝，神武第十三子也。 Prince Ning of Huashan was the thirteenth son of Shenwu.

馮翊王潤，字子澤，神武第十四子也。 Prince of Fengyi, Run, whose style name was Zize, was the fourteenth son of Gao Huan.

幼時，神武稱曰：「此吾家千里駒也。」 In boyhood Gao Huan called him "the thousand-li colt of our house."

漢陽敬懷王洽，字敬延，神武第十五子也。 Prince Jinghuai of Hanyang, Qia, whose style name was Jingyan, was the fifteenth son of Gao Huan.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 11Volume 11 Biographies 3: Six Princes of Wenxiang · 3 passages

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初，孝瑜養於神武宮中，與武成同年相愛。 Xiaoyu was initially raised in Shenwu's palace. He and Wucheng were the same age and were deeply attached to one another.

自神武皇帝以外，吾諸父兄弟無一人得至四十者，命也。 Apart from Gao Huan, not one of my fathers and brothers among the clan reached forty — such is fate.

孝琬曰：「神武皇帝嫡孫，文襄皇帝嫡子，魏孝靜皇帝外甥，何為不得喚作叔也？」 Xiaowan said, "Grandson of Gao Huan, son of Gao Cheng, nephew of Emperor Xiaojing of Wei — why may I not call you uncle?"

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 13Volume 13 Biographies 5: Gao Chen; Gao Rui (Northern Qi); Gao Yue (Northern Qi); Gao Mai · 31 passages

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趙郡王琛，字永寶，高祖之弟也。 Prince Chen of Zhao Commandery, styled Yongbao, was a younger brother of Gao Huan.

高祖既匡天下，中興初，授散騎常侍、鎮西將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 After Gao Huan had set the realm right, at the beginning of the Restoration he was appointed regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, general who pacifies the west, and grand master of the golden seal and purple ribbon.

高祖將謀內討，以晉陽根本，召琛留掌後事，以為幷、肆、汾大行臺僕射，領六州九酋長大都督，其相府政事琛悉決之。 Gao Huan planned an internal punitive campaign; because Jinyang was the foundation of his power, he summoned Chen to remain and manage affairs in the rear, appointing him vice director of the great eastern headquarters for Bing, Xi, and Fen, and area commander-in-chief of the six provinces and nine chieftains — Chen decided all affairs of the chancellor's office.

尋亂高祖後庭，高祖責罰之，因杖而斃，時年二十三。 Soon he violated Gao Huan's rear palaces; Gao Huan rebuked and punished him, and he was beaten to death with a staff — he was twenty-three.

天統三年，又贈假黃鉞、左丞相、太師、錄尚書事、冀州刺史，進爵為王，配饗高祖廟庭。 In the third year of Tiantong he was further posthumously granted the yellow battle-axe, left chancellor, grand preceptor, recorder of affairs of the masters of writing, and governor of Ji Province; his rank was advanced to prince, and he was granted sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple hall.

叡小名須拔，生三旬而孤，聰慧夙成，特為高祖所愛，養於宮中，令遊娘母之，恩同諸子。 Rui's childhood name was Xuba; he was orphaned at thirty days, precocious and clever from infancy, and was especially loved by Gao Huan; he was raised in the palace and entrusted to Youniang as foster mother, receiving favor equal to the other sons.

高祖甚以為怪，疑其感疾，欲命醫看之。 Gao Huan thought it very strange, suspected he had fallen ill, and wished to summon a physician to examine him.

高祖驚曰：「誰向汝道耶？」 Gao Huan said in astonishment, "Who told you this?"

高祖命元夫人令就宮與叡相見，叡前跪拜，因抱頭大哭。 Gao Huan ordered Lady Yuan to come to the palace and meet Rui; Rui went forward, knelt and bowed, then embraced her head and wept loudly.

高祖甚以悲傷。 Gao Huan was deeply grieved.

十歲喪母，高祖親送叡至領軍府，為叡發喪，與聲殞絕，哀感左右，三日水漿不入口。 At ten he lost his mother; Gao Huan personally escorted Rui to the commandant's headquarters, held mourning for him, and wailed until his voice failed — his grief moved those around him, and for three days he took neither water nor food.

高祖與武明婁皇后殷勤敦譬，方漸順旨。 Gao Huan and Empress Lou Wuming earnestly urged and admonished him, and only then did he gradually comply.

高祖令常山王共臥起，日夜說喻之。 Gao Huan had Prince of Changshan Gao Yan share bed and board with him, exhorting him day and night.

由是高祖食必喚叡同案。 From this Gao Huan always summoned Rui to share his table at meals.

高祖崩，哭泣嘔血。 When Gao Huan died, Rui wept until he vomited blood.

清河王岳，字洪略，高祖從父弟也。 Prince of Qinghe Gao Yue, courtesy name Honglüe, was a younger cousin of Gao Huan.

初，岳家於洛邑，高祖每奉使入洛，必止于岳舍。 At first Yue's household was at Luoyang; whenever Gao Huan came to the capital on business he always stayed at Yue's house.

岳母山氏，嘗夜起，見高祖室中有光，密往覘之，乃無燈，即移高祖於別室，如前所見。 Yue's mother Lady Shan once rose at night and saw light in Gao Huan's room. She stole a look — no lamp burned — and moved him to another chamber; the same radiance appeared there.

山氏歸報高祖。 Lady Shan went back and told Gao Huan.

後高祖起兵於信都，山氏聞之，大喜，謂岳曰：「赤光之瑞，今當驗矣，汝可間行從之，共圖大計。」 When Gao Huan later raised troops at Xindu, Lady Shan heard and rejoiced. She told Yue, "The omen of red light is fulfilled — go by a secret route and join him; together you will shape the great design."

高祖見之，大悅。 Gao Huan saw him and was greatly pleased.

高祖與四胡戰于韓陵，高祖將中軍，高昂將左軍，岳將右軍。 Gao Huan fought the Four Hus at Hanling: he himself held the center, Gao Ang the left, Yue the right.

中軍敗績，賊乘之，岳舉麾大呼，橫沖賊陣，高祖方得回師，表裏奮擊，因大破賊。 The center broke; the enemy pressed in. Yue raised his banner and shouted, driving straight through their line — Gao Huan could wheel about, and front and rear together smashed the foe.

時尒朱兆猶據幷州，高祖將討之，令岳留鎮京師，遷驃騎大將軍、儀同三司。 Erzhu Zhao still held Bing Province; Gao Huan meant to attack him and left Yue to guard the capital, promoting him to grand general of the flying cavalry and honorary equal to the three ducal ministers.

時高祖統務晉陽，岳與侍中孫騰等在京師輔政。 Gao Huan then directed affairs from Jinyang; Yue with palace attendant Sun Teng and others governed at the capital.

岳性至孝，盡力色養，母若有疾，衣不解帶，及遭喪，哀毀骨立，高祖深以憂之，每日遣人勞勉。 Yue was utterly filial, serving her with every devotion; when she was ill he never unbelted his robe; in mourning he wasted to skin and bone. Gao Huan was deeply troubled and sent men daily to comfort him.

時岳遇患，高祖令還幷治療，疾瘳，復令赴職。 When Yue fell ill Gao Huan had him return to Bing for treatment; when he recovered he was sent back to his post.

及高祖崩，侯景叛，世宗徵岳還幷，共圖取景之計。 When Gao Huan died and Hou Jing rebelled, Gao Cheng summoned Yue back to Bing to plan the campaign against Jing.

初，高歸彥少孤，高祖令岳撫養，輕其年幼，情禮甚薄。 Gao Guiyan was orphaned young; Gao Huan ordered Yue to raise him. Yue thought him too young and treated him with very thin courtesy.

初，岳與高祖經綸天下，家有私兵，並畜戎器，儲甲千餘領。 At first Yue with Gao Huan had ordered the realm; the household kept private troops and stored weapons; more than a thousand suits of armor were hoarded.

勱攘袂語文殊曰：「自獻武皇帝以來，撫養士卒，委政親賢，用武行師，未有折衂。 Mai rolled up his sleeves and told Wenshu, "Since Gao Huan, we have nurtured soldiers, entrusted rule to kin and worthies, and taken the field — never once were we broken.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 14Volume 14 Biographies 6: Guangping Gongcheng; Yangzhou Gong Yongle; Di Zhangbi; Prince of Xiangle, Xiang Guo; Prince of Shangluo, Si Zong; Zi Yuanhai; Di Sihao; Prince of Pingqin, Guiyan; Prince Pu of Wuxing; Changle, Governor of Lingshan; Sizi Fuhu · 17 passages

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廣平公盛，神武從叔祖也。 Duke Sheng of Guangping was a great-uncle of Gao Huan on the father's side.

神武起兵於信都，以盛為中軍大都督，封廣平郡公。 When Gao Huan raised troops at Xindu, he made Sheng grand commander of the center army and enfeoffed him duke of Guangping Commandery.

陽州公永樂，神武從祖兄子也。 Duke Yongle of Yangzhou was the son of Gao Huan's father's elder cousin.

神武大怒，杖之二百。 Gao Huan was furious and had him beaten two hundred strokes with the staff.

神武問其故，對曰：「裴監為長史，辛公正為別駕，受王委寄，斗酒只雞不入。」 Gao Huan asked the reason; he replied, "Pei Jian served as chief administrator, and Xin Gongzheng as vice director — entrusted by the prince, they would not accept so much as a cup of wine or a chicken."

神武乃以永樂為濟州，仍以監、公正為長史、別駕。 Gao Huan thereupon made Yongle governor of Ji Province and again appointed Jian and Gongzheng as chief administrator and vice director.

永樂至州，監、公正諫不見聽，以狀啟神武。 When Yongle reached the province, Jian and Gongzheng remonstrated but were not heeded; they submitted a report to Gao Huan.

神武封啟以示永樂。 Gao Huan sealed the report and showed it to Yongle.

襄樂王顯國，神武從祖弟也。 Prince Xianguo of Xiangle was a younger kinsman of Gao Huan's paternal clan.

上洛王思宗，神武從子也。 Prince Sizong of Shangluo was a nephew of Gao Huan.

平秦王歸彥，字仁英，神武族弟也。 Prince of Pingqin Guiyan, courtesy name Renying, was a younger cousin of Gao Huan.

徽於神武舊恩甚篤。 Hui and Gao Huan shared a deep old bond.

及神武平京洛，迎徽喪與穆同營葬。 When Gao Huan pacified Luoyang, he brought Hui's coffin home and buried him in the same tomb compound as Lady Mu.

神武追見之，撫對悲喜。 When Gao Huan later met him, he stroked the boy and was overcome by both grief and joy.

九歲，歸彥自河州俱入洛，神武使與諸子同遊處。 At nine, when Guiyan came from Hezhou into Luoyang with him, Gao Huan had him lodge and roam with his own sons.

長樂太守靈山，字景嵩，神武族弟也。 Lingshan, Governor of Changle, styled Jingsong, was Gao Huan's clansman and younger brother.

從神武起兵信都，終於長樂太守。 He followed Gao Huan when arms were raised at Xindu and ended his life as Governor of Changle.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 15Volume 15 Biographies 7: Dou Tai; Wei Jing; Lou Zhao; His Nephew Rui; Kudie Gan; His Son Shiwen; Han Gui; Pan Le · 39 passages

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神武之為晉州，請泰為鎮城都督，參謀軍事。 When Gao Huan became governor of Jin Province, he requested Dou Tai as garrison-city commander and staff officer for military affairs.

天平三年，神武西討，令泰自潼關入。 In the third year of Tianping, Gao Huan campaigned west and ordered Dou Tai to enter by Tong Pass.

皇建初，配享神武廟庭。 At the beginning of Huangjian he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court.

魏孝昌中，北鎮反，景與神武入杜洛周軍中，仍共歸尒朱榮。 In the Xiaochang era of Wei, when the northern garrisons rebelled, Jing entered Du Luozhou's army together with Gao Huan and then both returned to Erzhu Rong.

後從神武起兵信都。 Later he followed Gao Huan in raising troops at Xindu.

神武入洛，留景鎮鄴。 When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, he left Jing to garrison Ye.

景妻常山君，神武之姊也。 Jing's wife, Lady Changshan, was Gao Huan's elder sister.

以勳戚，每有軍事，與厙狄干常被委重，而不能忘懷財利，神武每嫌責之。 As a meritorious kinsman, whenever there was military business he and Kudie Gan were often entrusted with weighty command, yet he could not put aside profit; Gao Huan frequently reproved him for it.

厙狄干與景在神武坐，請作御史中尉。 Kudie Gan and Jing, while seated with Gao Huan, asked to serve as censor-in-chief.

神武曰：「何意下求卑官？」 Gao Huan said, "Why do you seek so low an office?"

神武大笑，令優者石董桶戲之。 Gao Huan laughed greatly and had the actor Shi Dongtong mock them.

神武誡景曰：「可以無貪也。」 Gao Huan admonished Jing, "You can do without greed."

神武笑不答。 Gao Huan smiled and did not answer.

神武聞之泣，詣闕曰：「臣非尉景，無以至今日。」 Gao Huan heard and wept; he went to the palace and said, "Were it not for Wei Jing, your subject would never have reached today."

神武造之，景恚臥不動，叫曰：「殺我時趣耶！」 Gao Huan visited him; Jing lay in anger and would not rise, shouting, "If you're going to kill me, hurry up!"

常山君謂神武曰：「老人去死近，何忍煎迫至此。」 Lady Changshan said to Gao Huan, "The old man is near death — how can you press him so cruelly?"

神武撫景，為之屈膝。 Gao Huan comforted Jing and knelt before him.

神武對景及常山君責文襄而杖之。 Gao Huan, before Jing and Lady Changshan, rebuked Gao Cheng and had him beaten.

皇建初，配享神武廟庭，追封長樂王。 At the beginning of Huangjian he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court and posthumously enfeoffed prince of Changle.

神武少親重之。 From youth Gao Huan treated him with close regard.

數隨神武獵，每致請不宜乘危歷階。 He often followed Gao Huan on hunts and each time urged that one should not ride through danger or up steep slopes.

神武將出信都，昭贊成大策，卽以為中軍大都督。 When Gao Huan was about to march out from Xindu, Zhao endorsed the grand plan and was immediately made Grand Commander of the Central Army.

魏孝武將貳於神武，昭以疾辭還晉陽。 When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei was about to break with Gao Huan, Zhao pleaded illness and returned to Jinyang.

從神武入洛，兗州刺史樊子鵠反，以昭為東道大都督討之。 He followed Gao Huan into Luoyang. When Fan Zihu, Inspector of Yan Province, rebelled, Zhao was made Grand Commander of the Eastern Route and sent to suppress him.

皇建初，配享神武廟庭。 At the beginning of Huangjian he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court.

為神武帳內都督，封掖縣子，累遷光州刺史。 He served as commandant in Gao Huan's personal retinue, was enfeoffed as Viscount of Ye County, and rose in succession to Inspector of Guang Province.

後從神武起兵，破四胡於韓陵，封廣平縣公，尋進郡公。 Later he followed Gao Huan in raising arms, routed the Four Hus at Hanling, was enfeoffed duke of Guangping County, and soon advanced to commandery duke.

神武以其舊功，竟不責黜。 Gao Huan, weighing his old service, did not punish or dismiss him.

及高仲密以武牢叛，神武討之，以干為大都督前驅。 When Gao Zhongmi rebelled at Wulao, Gao Huan marched against him and made Gan grand commander of the vanguard.

神武大兵繼至，遂大破之。 Gao Huan's main army came up behind, and they routed the enemy.

干尚神武妹樂陵長公主，以親地見待。 Gan married Gao Huan's sister, Princess of Leling — as kin by marriage, he was treated with singular favor.

干，皇建初配享神武廟庭。 At the beginning of Huangjian, Gan was granted posthumous sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple hall.

神武鎮晉州，引為鎮城都督。 When Gao Huan held Jin Province, he recruited Gui as garrison commander of the walled city.

神武巡泰州，欲以軌還，仍賜城人戶別絹布兩匹。 When Gao Huan inspected Tai Province and wished to transfer Gui away, he granted each household in the city two bolts of silk and cloth.

神武嘉嘆，乃留焉。 Gao Huan praised and sighed with admiration — and kept him.

軌妹為神武所納，生上黨王渙，復以勳庸，歷登臺鉉。 Gao Huan took Gui's younger sister as consort; she bore Prince Huan of Shangdang. Again through merit Gui rose to the highest offices of state.

齊神武出牧晉州，引樂為鎮城都將。 When Gao Huan went out to hold Jin Province, he recruited Le as garrison general of the walled city.

神武嘗議欲廢州，樂以東雍地帶山河，境連胡、蜀，形勝之會，不可棄也，遂如故。 Gao Huan once debated abolishing the province. Le argued that Eastern Yong lay between mountains and rivers, bordered Hu and Shu, and occupied a strategically vital junction — it could not be abandoned. The province remained as before.

神武善之，以衆議不同而止。 Gao Huan approved — but because the council could not agree, he dropped the pursuit.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 16Volume 16 Biographies 8: Duan Rong; Duan Shao · 19 passages

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屬杜洛周為亂，榮與高祖謀誅之，事不捷，共奔尒朱榮。 Just then Du Luozhou rebelled; Duan Rong and Gao Huan plotted to kill him, but the matter failed, and together they fled to Erzhu Rong.

後高祖建義山東，榮贊成大策。 Later, when Gao Huan raised the righteous banner in Shandong, Duan Rong helped bring the great plan to fruition.

高祖南討鄴，留榮鎮信都，仍授鎮北將軍，定州刺史。 When Gao Huan marched south to attack Ye, he left Duan Rong to garrison Xindu and concurrently appointed him general who pacifies the north and governor of Ding Province.

高祖入洛，論功封姑臧縣侯，邑八百戶。 When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, for merit Duan Rong was enfeoffed marquis of Guzang County with a fief of eight hundred households.

榮妻，皇后姊也，榮恐高祖招私親之議，固推諸將，竟不之州。 Duan Rong's wife was the empress's elder sister; fearing Gao Huan would draw criticism for favoring private kin, Duan Rong firmly yielded to other generals and in the end never went to the province.

初，高祖將圖關右，與榮密謀，榮盛稱未可。 At first, when Gao Huan planned to take the Guanxi region, he secretly consulted Duan Rong, who strongly argued it was not yet feasible.

及渭曲失利，高祖悔之，曰：「吾不用段榮之言，以至於此。」 When they suffered defeat at Weiqu, Gao Huan regretted it and said, "I did not heed Duan Rong's counsel, and so came to this."

皇建初，配饗高祖廟庭。 At the beginning of Huangjian, he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court.

高祖以武明皇后姊子，盡器愛之，常置左右，以為心腹。 Gao Huan, because Shao was the nephew of Empress Lou Wuming, fully treasured and loved him, kept him constantly at his side, and regarded him as a trusted confidant.

中興元年，從高祖拒尒朱兆，戰於廣阿。 In the first year of Zhongxing, he followed Gao Huan in resisting Erzhu Zhao; they fought at Guang'a.

高祖謂韶曰：「彼衆我寡，其若之何？」 Gao Huan said to Shao, "They are many and we are few — what is to be done?"

王躬昭德義，除君側之惡，何往而不克哉！」 Your Highness personally displays virtue and righteousness, removing evil at the ruler's side — where could you go without prevailing!"

高祖曰：「吾雖以順討逆，奉辭伐罪，但弱小在強大之間，恐無天命，卿不聞之也？」 Gao Huan said, "Although I take righteousness against rebellion and go forth with a mandate to punish crime, we are weak amid the strong — I fear we lack Heaven's mandate. Have you not heard of this?"

尋從高祖出晉陽，追尒朱兆於赤谼嶺，平之。 Soon he followed Gao Huan out of Jinyang, pursued Erzhu Zhao to Chihong Ridge, and pacified him.

興和四年，從高祖禦周文帝於邙山。 In the fourth year of Xinghe, he followed Gao Huan in opposing Yuwen Tai at Mount Mang.

高祖身在行間，為西魏將賀拔勝所識，率銳來逼。 Gao Huan was personally among the ranks; recognized by the Western Wei general Heba Sheng, Sheng led crack troops to press close.

時高祖不豫，攻城未下，召集諸將，共論進止之宜。 At that time Gao Huan was unwell; the siege had not succeeded, and he summoned the generals to discuss together whether to advance or halt.

高祖疾甚，顧命世宗曰：「段孝先忠亮仁厚，智勇兼備，親戚之中，唯有此子，軍旅大事，宜共籌之。」 When Gao Huan's illness grew severe, he entrusted Gao Cheng, saying, "Duan Xiaoxian is loyal, upright, benevolent, and generous, combining wisdom and courage. Among kinsmen, only this man — on great military matters, you should plan together."

五年春，高祖崩於晉陽，秘不發喪。 In the spring of the fifth year Gao Huan died at Jinyang; the death was kept secret and mourning was not announced.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 17Volume 17 Biographies 9: Hulü Jin; Hulü Guang; Hulü Xian · 19 passages

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及尒朱兆等逆亂，高祖密懷匡復之計，金與婁昭、厙狄干等贊成大謀，仍從舉義。 When Erzhu Zhao and others rose in rebellion, Gao Huan secretly harbored a plan to restore the realm; Hulü Jin, together with Lou Zhao, Kudie Gan, and others, approved the great design and then followed in raising the righteous banner.

高祖南攻鄴，留金守信都，領恒、雲、燕、朔、顯、蔚六州大都督，委以後事，別討李脩，破之，加右光祿大夫。 When Gao Huan attacked Ye from the south, he left Hulü Jin to hold Xindu, made him grand commander of the six provinces of Heng, Yun, Yan, Shuo, Xian, and Yu, and entrusted him with rear affairs; separately Jin attacked Li Xiu and defeated him, and was promoted to right director of splendid honors.

會高祖於鄴，仍從平晉陽，追滅尒朱兆。 He joined Gao Huan at Ye and then followed in pacifying Jinyang and pursuing the destruction of Erzhu Zhao.

從高祖破紇豆陵於河西。 He followed Gao Huan in defeating Hediouling west of the river.

從高祖戰於沙苑，不利班師，因此東雍諸城復為西軍所據，遣金與尉景、厙狄干等討復之。 He followed Gao Huan in battle at Shayuan; the army withdrew without success, and for this the cities of eastern Yong were again seized by the Western army; Hulü Jin was dispatched with Wei Jing, Kudie Gan, and others to recover them.

高祖率衆討之，使金徑往太州，為掎角之勢。 Gao Huan led troops to attack him and sent Hulü Jin straight to Tai Province to form pincers.

俄而高祖至，仍共討平之，因從高祖攻下南絳、邵郡等數城。 Before long Gao Huan arrived; together they pacified the enemy, and Hulü Jin then followed Gao Huan in capturing several cities including Southern Jiang and Shao Commandery.

高祖使金統劉豐、步大汗薩等步騎數萬守河陽城以拒之。 Gao Huan had Hulü Jin command Liu Feng, Bu Dahan Sa, and others with several tens of thousands of foot and horse to hold Heyang city against him.

高祖到，仍從破密。 When Gao Huan arrived, Hulü Jin again followed in defeating Zhongmi.

三年，高祖出軍襲山胡，分為二道。 In the third year, Gao Huan led troops on a surprise attack against the Mountain Hu, dividing into two routes.

高祖自出北道，度赤谼嶺，會金於烏突戍，合擊破之。 Gao Huan himself went by the northern route, crossed Chihong Ridge, joined Hulü Jin at Wutu Fort, and together they attacked and defeated the enemy.

四年，詔金率衆從烏蘇道會高祖於晉州，仍從攻玉壁。 In the fourth year, an edict ordered Hulü Jin to lead troops by the Wusu route to join Gao Huan at Jin Province, and he then followed in the attack on Yubi.

軍還，高祖使金總督大衆，從歸晉陽。 When the army returned, Gao Huan had Hulü Jin command the whole host on the return to Jinyang.

高祖嘉之，即擢為都督。 Gao Huan praised this and at once promoted Hulü Guang to grand commander.

帝賜提婆晉陽之田，光言於朝曰：「此田神武帝以來常種禾，飼馬數千匹，以擬寇難，今賜提婆，無乃闕軍務也？」 The emperor bestowed on Tipo fields at Jinyang. Guang said at court, "These fields since the Shenwu Emperor have always been sown with grain to feed several thousand horses against enemy raids. To give them to Tipo now — will this not cripple military affairs?"

羨，字豐樂，少有機警，尤善射藝，高祖見而稱之。 Xian, styled Fengle, was quick-witted from youth and especially skilled in archery; Gao Huan saw him and praised him.

高祖起義，以都督從。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous cause, Ping followed him as a commander.

史臣曰：斛律金以高祖撥亂之始，翼成王業，忠款之至，成此大功，故能終享遐年，位高百辟。 The historian writes: Hulü Jin, at the outset when Gao Huan was settling the chaos, helped establish the royal enterprise. His loyalty was complete, and so this great achievement was won — thus he lived out his years in full and stood above all the hundred ministers.

以高祖霸王之期，屬宇文草創之日，出軍薄伐，屢挫兵鋒。 At the height of Gao Huan's hegemony, in the very days when the Yuwen clan was first founding its state, their armies went forth on punitive raids and again and again blunted the enemy's edge.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 18Volume 18 Biographies 10: Sun Teng; Gao Longzhi; Sima Ziru · 38 passages

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尋為高祖都督府長史，從高祖東征邢杲。 Soon he became chief clerk of Gao Huan's headquarters and followed Gao Huan east to campaign against Xing Gao.

騰知之，密啟高祖。 Sun Teng learned of it and secretly reported to Gao Huan.

俄頃事發，高祖以有備，擒破之。 Before long the affair broke out; because Gao Huan was prepared, he captured and crushed them.

高祖之為晉州，騰為長史，加後將軍，封石安縣伯。 When Gao Huan became governor of Jin Province, Sun Teng served as chief clerk, was additionally made rear general, and was enfeoffed baron of Shi'an County.

高祖自晉陽出滏口，行至襄垣，尒朱兆率衆追。 When Gao Huan left Jinyang by Fukou and marched to Xiangyuan, Erzhu Zhao led troops in pursuit.

高祖與兆宴飲於水湄，誓為兄弟，各還本營。 Gao Huan and Zhao feasted and drank at the water's edge, swore brotherhood, and each returned to his own camp.

明旦，兆復招高祖，高祖欲安其意，將赴之，臨上馬，騰牽衣止之。 Next day Zhao summoned Gao Huan again; Gao Huan wished to reassure him and was about to ride to him, but as he was mounting his horse Sun Teng seized his robe and held him back.

高祖遂東。 Gao Huan thereupon marched east.

及起義信都，騰以誠款，常預謀策。 When Gao Huan raised righteousness at Xindu, Sun Teng for his loyalty and sincerity was constantly included in planning.

騰以朝廷隔絕，號令無所歸，不權有所立，則衆將沮散，苦請於高祖。 Sun Teng argued that with the court cut off, commands had nowhere to attach; if they did not provisionally establish a ruler, the army would lose heart and scatter — he urgently pleaded with Gao Huan.

高祖從之，遂立中興主。 Gao Huan followed his counsel and thereupon established the restoration sovereign.

高祖進軍於鄴，初留段榮守信都，尋遣榮鎮中山，仍令騰居守。 When Gao Huan marched on Ye, at first he left Duan Rong to hold Xindu; soon he sent Rong to garrison Zhongshan and still had Sun Teng remain to guard the city.

高祖啟免騰官，請除外任，俄而復之。 Gao Huan memorialized to dismiss Sun Teng from office and requested that he be sent out on external appointment; before long he was restored.

騰以高祖腹心，入居門下，與斛斯椿同掌機密。 Because Sun Teng was Gao Huan's trusted confidant, he entered and dwelt in the secretariat, and together with Husi Chun managed confidential affairs.

高祖入討斛斯椿，留騰行幷州事，又使騰為冀相殷定滄瀛幽安八州行臺僕射、行冀州事，復行相州事。 When Gao Huan entered to punish Husi Chun, he left Sun Teng to administer Bing Province affairs; he also had Teng serve as vice master of the mobile office for the eight provinces of Ji, Xiang, Yin, Ding, Cang, Ying, You, and An, administering Ji Province affairs, and again administering Xiang Province affairs.

時高祖入朝，左右有言之者，高祖大怒，解其司徒。 At that time Gao Huan entered court, and those around him spoke of it; Gao Huan was greatly angered and removed him from the ministry.

騰早依附高祖，契闊艱危，勤力恭謹，深見信待。 Sun Teng early attached himself to Gao Huan; through hardship and danger he labored diligently with respectful care and was deeply trusted and favored.

及高祖置之魏朝，寄以心腹，遂志氣驕盈，與奪由己，求納財賄，不知紀極。 When Gao Huan placed him in the Wei court and entrusted him as a confidant, his spirit grew proud and overbearing; granting and taking were at his own will, and he sought bribes beyond reckoning.

高祖屢加譴讓，終不悛改，朝野深非笑之。 Gao Huan repeatedly censured and reproved him, but in the end he would not repent and reform; court and countryside deeply scorned and mocked him.

皇建中，配享高祖廟庭。 In the Huangjian era he was given associated sacrifice in Gao Huan's temple court.

隆之後有參議之功，高祖命為從弟，仍云渤海蓚人。 Because Gao Longzhi later had merit in deliberation and counsel, Gao Huan ordered that he be treated as a younger cousin and still declared him a man of Tiao in Bohai.

與高祖深自結托。 He and Gao Huan formed a deep personal bond.

高祖之臨晉州，引為治中，行平陽郡事。 When Gao Huan came to Jin Province, Gao Longzhi was brought in as administrator and administered Pingyang Commandery affairs.

從高祖起義山東，以為大行臺右丞。 He followed Gao Huan in raising righteousness in Shandong and was made right deputy of the mobile office.

從高祖平鄴，行相州事。 He followed Gao Huan in pacifying Ye and administered Xiang Province affairs.

高祖責隆之不能協和，乃啟出為北道行臺，轉幷州刺史，封平原郡公，邑一千七百戶。 Gao Huan blamed Gao Longzhi for failing to keep harmony and memorialized to send him out as grand chief of the northern circuit; he was transferred to governor of Bing Province, enfeoffed duke of Pingyuan Commandery with a fief of one thousand seven hundred households.

高祖之討斛斯椿，以隆之為大行臺尚書。 When Gao Huan punished Husi Chun, Gao Longzhi was made director of the masters of writing of the grand mobile office.

廣費人工，大營寺塔，為高祖所責。 He spent lavishly on labor and greatly built temples and pagodas, and was reproved by Gao Huan.

隆之啟高祖，悉更反易，乃得均平。 Gao Longzhi reported to Gao Huan, and all were reversed and exchanged, and thus fairness was achieved.

初，隆之見信高祖，性多陰毒，睚眥之忿，無不報焉。 Earlier, when Longzhi had enjoyed Gao Huan's trust, his nature was deeply malicious; no grudge, however small, went unavenged.

好交遊豪傑，與高祖相結托，分義甚深。 He loved to befriend bold heroes and formed a deep bond of mutual trust with Gao Huan.

高祖起義信都，世隆等知子如與高祖有舊，疑慮，出為南岐州刺史。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous banner at Xindu, Shilong and the others, knowing Ziru had old ties with Gao Huan, were suspicious and sent him out as governor of Nanqi Province.

高祖入洛，子如遣使啟賀，仍敘平生舊恩。 When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, Ziru sent envoys to offer congratulations and again recalled their lifelong old kindness.

尋追赴京，以為大行臺尚書，朝夕左右，參知軍國。 Soon he was summoned to the capital and made director in the Grand Mobilization Secretariat, attending day and night at Gao Huan's side and taking part in military and state affairs.

高祖鎮晉陽，子如時往謁見，待之甚厚，並坐同食，從旦達暮，及其當還，高祖及武明後俱有賚遺，率以為常。 When Gao Huan held Jinyang, Ziru would from time to time go to audience and was treated with great kindness — they sat together and ate from morning until evening. When it was time for him to return, Gao Huan and Empress Wuming both sent gifts; this became the rule.

子如義旗之始，身不參預，直以高祖故舊，遂當委重，意氣甚高，聚斂不息。 From the first raising of the righteous banner, Ziru had taken no part in it; relying solely on being Gao Huan's old friend, he yet held heavy responsibility. His spirit was very high, and he amassed wealth without cease.

史臣曰：高祖以晉陽戎馬之地，霸圖攸屬，治兵訓旅，遙制朝權，京臺機務，委寄深遠。 The historian writes: Gao Huan held Jinyang — land of war-horses, cradle of the hegemonic design — where he drilled troops and trained armies, held court power from afar, and entrusted the capital's affairs to men at great remove.

孫騰牽裾之誠，有足稱美。 Sun Teng's sincerity when he seized Gao Huan's robe — that at least deserves praise.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 23Volume 23 Biographies 15: Wei Langen; Cui Ling · 14 passages

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高祖至，以蘭根宿望，深禮遇之。 When Gao Huan arrived, he treated Langen with deep courtesy because of his long-standing repute.

及高祖將入洛陽，遣蘭根先至京師。 When Gao Huan was about to enter Luoyang, he sent Langen ahead to the capital.

帝神采高明，蘭根恐於後難測，遂與高幹兄弟及黃門崔㥄同心固請於高祖，言廢帝本是胡賊所推，今若仍立，於理不允。 The emperor's bearing was lofty and bright; Langen feared he would prove hard to control later. He joined the Gan brothers and Cui Ling of the yellow gate in pressing Gao Huan: the deposed emperor had been set up by barbarian rebels — to restore him would not be just.

高祖不得已，遂立武帝。 Gao Huan, with no choice, thereupon enthroned Emperor Xiaowu.

及蘭根中山之敗，俱歸高祖。 When Langen was defeated at Zhongshan, both returned to Gao Huan.

高祖於信都起義，㥄歸焉。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous cause at Xindu, Ling came to join him.

高祖見之，甚悅，以為諮議參軍。 Gao Huan saw him and was greatly pleased, appointing him advisory aide.

高祖入洛，議定廢立。 When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, they deliberated on deposing and enthroning.

㥄曰：「若其明聖，自可待我高王，徐登九五。 Ling said, "If he were bright and sage, he could naturally await our Prince Gao and slowly take the throne.

高祖以㥄本預義旗，復其黃門。 Because Ling had originally joined the righteous banner, Gao Huan restored him to the yellow gate.

高祖葬後，㥄又竊言：「黃頷小兒堪當重任不？」 After Gao Huan's burial, Ling again spoke in private, "Can this yellow-bearded boy bear heavy responsibility?"

高祖入朝，還晉陽，被召與北海王晞陪從，俱為諸子賓友。 When Gao Huan entered court and returned to Jinyang, Zhan was summoned together with the Prince of Beihai Xi to attend in company; both became companion-friends to the sons.

高祖望見曰：「崔掾也。」 Gao Huan saw him and said, "That is Staff Officer Cui."

既濟，勞之曰：「卿為親為君，不顧萬死，可謂家之孝子，國之忠臣。」 When he had crossed, Gao Huan comforted him: "You risked everything for family and for your lord — at home a filial son, to the state a loyal minister."

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 25Volume 25 Biographies 17: Zhang Zuan; Zhang Liang; Zhang Yao; Zhang Qi; Xu Yuan; Wang Jun; Wang Hong · 21 passages

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為兆使於高祖，遂被顧識。 Zhao sent him to Gao Huan, and he won notice and favor.

高祖舉義山東，劉誕據相州拒守，時纂亦在其中。 When Gao Huan raised the standard in Shandong, Liu Dan held Xiang Province and resisted; Zuan was among the defenders.

高祖攻而拔之，以纂參丞相軍事。 Gao Huan attacked and took the city, then made Zuan a staff officer on the chancellor's army.

纂性便僻，左右出內，稍見親待，仍補行臺郎中。 Zuan was accommodating by nature and quick at his errands. Moving in and out at Gao Huan's side, he gradually won intimate favor and was appointed gentleman of the mobile headquarters.

高祖啟減國封，分賞文武，纂隨例封壽張伯。 Gao Huan memorialized to trim state enfeoffments and reward civil and military officials; Zuan received the usual grant and was enfeoffed baron of Shouzhang.

魏武帝末，高祖赴洛，以趙郡公琛為行臺，守晉陽，以纂為右丞。 Late in the reign of Emperor Wu of Wei, Gao Huan went to Luoyang. He left the Duke of Zhao Commandery Chen as mobile headquarters at Jinyang and made Zuan his right vice director.

邙山之役，大獲俘虜，高祖令纂部送京師，魏帝賜絹五百疋，封武安縣伯。 At Mount Mang the army took many prisoners. Gao Huan ordered Zuan to escort them to the capital. The Wei emperor bestowed five hundred bolts of silk and enfeoffed him baron of Wu'an County.

復為高祖行臺右丞，從征玉壁。 He again became right vice director on Gao Huan's mobile headquarters and followed the campaign against Yubi.

高祖聞而善之。 Gao Huan heard of it and approved.

纂事高祖二十餘歲，傳通教令，甚見親賞。 Zuan served Gao Huan for more than twenty years, passing on his orders and instructions, and was held in great favor.

高祖討兆於晉陽，兆奔秀容。 Gao Huan attacked Zhao at Jinyang; Zhao fled to Xiurong.

高祖嘉歎之。 Gao Huan praised him and sighed with admiration.

雖為臺郎，而常在高祖左右。 Though a headquarters gentleman, he was constantly at Gao Huan's side.

亮性質直，勤力強濟，深為高祖、世宗所信，委以腹心之任。 Liang was plain and upright by nature, diligent and forceful. Gao Huan and Gao Cheng trusted him deeply and gave him duties at the heart of power.

義旗建，高祖擢為中軍大都督韓軌府長史。 When the righteous standard was raised Gao Huan promoted him to chief clerk on General-in-Chief Han Gui's staff.

義旗建，高祖以段榮為定州刺史，以起為榮典簽，除奉車都尉。 When the righteous standard was raised Gao Huan made Duan Rong inspector of Ding and made Qi Rong's secretariat chief; Qi was appointed cavalier attendant for the carriage.

起，高祖世頻為相府騎兵二局，典知兵馬十有餘年。 Across Gao Huan's generation Qi repeatedly held the two cavalry bureaus of the chancellor's office and managed horses and troops for more than ten years.

高祖以遠閑習書計，命為丞相騎兵參軍事，常征伐，克濟軍務，深為高祖所知。 Because Yuan was skilled in documents and accounts Gao Huan appointed him cavalry staff officer in the chancellor's office. He was often on campaign, handled military affairs well, and came to be well known to Gao Huan.

高祖以為相府墨曹參軍，坐事去官。 Gao Huan made him ink-office clerk in the chancellor's government; for an offense he was removed from office.

高祖平兆，以基為都督，除義寧太守。 When Gao Huan pacified Zhao, Ji was made area commander and governor of Yining.

基先於葛榮軍與周文帝相知，及文帝據有關中，高祖遣基與長史侯景同使於周文帝，文帝留基不遣。 Ji had earlier known Zhou Wendi while in Ge Rong's army; when Wendi held Guanzhong, Gao Huan sent Ji with chief clerk Hou Jing on a mission to Zhou Wendi, and Wendi detained Ji and would not send him back.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 26Volume 26 Biographies 18: Xue Chu; Jing Xianjun; Ping Jian · 7 passages

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天平初，高祖引為丞相長史。 Early in Tianping, Gao Huan brought him in as chief administrator of the chancellor's office.

高祖大舉西伐，將度蒲津。 Gao Huan launched a great western campaign and was about to cross the Pu ford.

高祖皆不納，遂有沙苑之敗。 Gao Huan accepted neither counsel, and thus came the defeat at Shaoyuan.

高祖臨晉州，儁因使謁見，與語說之，乃啟為別駕。 When Gao Huan took up Jin Province, Xianjun used the occasion to pay his respects. Gao Huan spoke with him and was pleased, then had him appointed vice governor.

又從高祖平寇難，破周文帝。 He again followed Gao Huan in pacifying rebellion and defeated Yuwen Tai.

高祖起義信都，鑒自歸。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous standard at Xindu, Jian came over to him of his own accord.

高祖謂鑒曰：「日者皇綱中弛，公已早竭忠誠。 Gao Huan said to Jian, "In days past the imperial net slackened at the center, yet you had already early spent your loyalty.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 27Volume 27 Biographies 19: Moqi Pu; Liu Feng; Poliuhan Chang; Jin Zuo; Wei Zican; · 17 passages

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高祖起義，普遠通誠款，高祖甚嘉之。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous standard, Pu sent pledges of loyalty from afar; Gao Huan greatly praised him.

高祖平夏州，普乃率其部落來奔，高祖躬自迎接，授普河西公。 When Gao Huan pacified Xia Province, Pu led his tribe to submit; Gao Huan went out in person to receive him and made him duke of Hexi.

及起義信都，遠送誠款，高祖嘉其父子俱至，甚優其禮。 When the righteous rising began at Xindu he sent pledges of loyalty from afar; Gao Huan praised that father and son had both come and treated them with exceptional courtesy.

高祖以其父普尊老，特崇禮之，嘗親扶上馬。 Because his father Pu was honored as an elder, Gao Huan especially elevated his ritual treatment; he once personally helped him mount his horse.

高祖以雄壯，名其所營地為回洛城。 Because of his heroism and stature, Gao Huan named the place he camped Huiluo City.

元寬仁有武略，少與高祖相知。 Yuan was broad-minded and benevolent, with military strategy; in youth he knew Gao Huan well.

元既早被高祖知遇，兼其母兄在東，嘗有思歸之志，恒遣表疏，與高祖陰相往來。 Yuan had long been known and favored by Gao Huan; moreover his mother and elder brother were in the east; he always yearned to return, constantly sent memorials, and secretly corresponded with Gao Huan.

靈州刺史曹埿女婿劉豐與元深相交結，元因說豐以高祖英武非常，克成大業，豐自此便有委質之心，遂資遣元。 Inspector of Lingzhou Cao Qi had a son-in-law, Liu Feng, who was deeply connected with Yuan; Yuan therefore persuaded Feng that Gao Huan was extraordinarily heroic and would accomplish great enterprise; from then on Feng had the heart to pledge allegiance, and supplied Yuan for his journey.

高祖聞其來也，遣平陽守高嵩持金環一枚以賜元，並運資糧，遠遣候接。 When Gao Huan heard he was coming, he sent the administrator of Pingyang, Gao Song, with a gold ring to bestow on Yuan, shipped provisions, and sent envoys far ahead to meet him.

豐遠慕高祖威德，乃率戶數萬來奔。 Feng had long admired Gao Huan's prestige and virtue; he thereupon led several tens of thousands of households to defect.

高祖上豐為平西將軍、南汾州刺史。 Gao Huan promoted Feng to general who pacifies the west and governor of Southern Fen Province.

又從高祖破周文於河陰，豐功居多，高祖執手嗟賞。 He again followed Gao Huan in defeating Yuwen Tai at Heyin; Feng's merit stood first, and Gao Huan took his hand and sighed in admiration.

高祖起義，常為附化守，與万俟受洛干東歸，高祖嘉之，上為撫軍。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous rising, Chang was defender of Fuhua; he returned east with Moqi Shouluogan. Gao Huan praised this and promoted him to military inspector.

與諸將征討，又從高祖攻擊諸寇，累遷車騎大將軍、開府，封平陽公，除洛州刺史。 On punitive campaigns with the generals he again followed Gao Huan against the bandits, rising in succession to grand general of chariots and cavalry, opener of a government office, duke of Pingyang, and governor of Luo Province.

高祖舉義，尒朱天光率關右之衆與仲遠等北抗義師。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous rising, Erzhu Tianguang led the forces of Guanxi and, with Erzhu Zhongyuan and others, resisted the righteous army in the north.

天光敗，歸高祖，除車騎大將軍。 When Tianguang was defeated, Zuo submitted to Gao Huan and was made grand general of chariots and cavalry.

神武命將出討，城陷，子弟俱破獲，送晉陽，蒙放免。 Gao Huan ordered generals out to attack; the city fell, and sons and younger brothers were all captured and sent to Jinyang, where they were spared and released.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 28Volume 28 Biographies 20: Yuan Tan (Eastern Wei); Yuan Bin; Yuan Xiaoyou; Yuan Huiye; Yuan Bi; Yuan Shao (Eastern Wei) · 1 passage

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齊神武帝以孝武帝後配之。 Emperor Shenwu of Qi married Emperor Xiaowu's empress to him.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 29Volume 29 Biographies 21: Li Hun; Zi Zhan; Hun Dihui; Zuzi Gongxu; Li Yu; Di Jin; Zu Dixiao; Zheng Shuzu; Zi Yuande · 3 passages

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梁武帝問繪：「高相今在何處？」 Emperor Wu of Liang asked Hui, "Where is Chancellor Gao now?"

高相作何經略？」 What strategy does Chancellor Gao pursue?"

高祖東巡郡國，在瀛州城西駐馬久立，使慰之曰：「孤在晉，知山東守唯卿一人用意。 Gao Huan toured the commanderies eastward; west of Yingzhou city he halted his horse and stood long; he sent word of comfort, "When I was in Jin, I knew that among the governors east of the mountains only you alone applied your mind.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 30Volume 30 Biographies 22: Cui Xian; Gao Dezheng; Cui Ang · 13 passages

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隨琛往晉陽，高祖與語說之，以兼丞相長史。 Following Chen to Jinyang, Gao Huan conversed with him and was pleased, appointing him acting chief clerk to the chancellor.

高祖舉兵將入洛，留暹佐琛知後事。 When Gao Huan raised troops to enter Luoyang, he left Xian to assist Chen in managing affairs behind the lines.

高慎之叛，與暹有隙，高祖欲殺之，世宗救免。 When Gao Shen rebelled, having a rift with Xian, Gao Huan wished to kill him; Gao Cheng rescued and pardoned him.

高祖書與鄴下諸貴曰：「崔暹昔事家弟為定州長史，後吾兒開府諮議，及遷左丞吏部郎，吾未知其能也。 Gao Huan wrote to the nobles at Ye, "Cui Xian once served my younger brother as chief clerk of Dingzhou, later my son's grand marshalate deliberator, and when moved to left vice director and director of the ministry of personnel I did not yet know his ability.

高祖如京師，羣官迎於紫陌。 When Gao Huan went to the capital, the officials welcomed him at Zimo.

高祖握暹手而勞之曰：「往前朝廷豈無法官，而天下貪婪，莫肯糾劾。 Gao Huan took Xian's hand and praised him, "Before, was there no judge in the court? Yet greed ran through the realm and none would impeach.

今榮華富貴，直是中尉自取，高歡父子，無以相報。」 Wealth and glory today are simply what the chief inspector has earned for himself; father and son Gao Huan have no way to repay it."

暹下拜，馬驚走，高祖為擁之而授轡。 Xian bowed; the horse bolted in fright; Gao Huan embraced him and handed him the reins.

魏帝宴於華林園，謂高祖曰：「自頃朝貴、牧守令長、所在百司多有貪暴，侵削下人。 The Wei emperor feasted at Hualin Garden and said to Gao Huan, "Of late, court nobles, prefects and county chiefs, and the hundred offices in every place have many been greedy and violent, encroaching on inferiors.

高祖降階，跪而言曰：「唯御史中尉崔暹一人。 Gao Huan descended the steps, knelt, and said, "Only Chief Inspector Cui Xian, one man.

高祖崩，未發喪，世宗以暹為度支尚書，兼僕射，委以心腹之寄。 When Gao Huan died, before the mourning was announced, Gao Cheng made Xian Director of Revenue and concurrent Vice Director of the Secretariat, entrusting him with confidential responsibilities.

帝乃令都督陳山提等搜暹家，甚貧匱，唯得高祖、世宗與暹書千餘紙，多論軍中大事。 Gao Yang then had Commander Chen Shanti and others search Xian's house—it was very poor; only a thousand-odd pages of letters from Gao Huan and Gao Cheng to Xian, mostly discussing great military affairs.

高祖又擢為相府掾，委以腹心。 Gao Huan also promoted him as staff officer to the chancellor's residence, entrusting him as confidant.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 31Volume 31 Biographies 23: Wang Xin; Wang Xi · 2 passages

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齊神武訪朝廷子弟忠孝謹密者，令與諸子遊。 Gao Huan sought sons of the court who were loyal, filial, careful, and steady, to keep company with his sons.

晞隨神武到晉陽，補中外府功曹參軍，帶常山王演友。 Xi followed Gao Huan to Jinyang, was made staff officer of the inner and outer offices, and attended Prince of Changshan Yan as companion.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 33Volume 33 Biographies 25: Xiao Yuanming; Xiao Zhi (Liang); Xiao Tui; Xiao Fang (Liang); Xu Zhicai · 3 passages

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世宗禮明甚重，謂之曰：「先王與梁主和好十有餘年，聞彼禮佛文，常雲奉為魏主，並及先王，此甚是梁主厚意。 Gao Cheng treated Ming with great courtesy and said to him, "The late king and the Liang ruler were on good terms for more than ten years; I heard that when he performed Buddhist rites he would say he did them for the Wei ruler and for the late king as well—this was truly the Liang ruler's great kindness.

侯可遣使諮論，若猶存先王分義，重成通和者，吾不必違先王之旨，侯及諸人並卽放還。」 You may send envoys to consult; if he still honors the late king's bond and restores friendly relations, I need not go against the late king's wish—you and the others will all be released at once."

天平中，齊神武徵赴晉陽，常在內館，禮遇稍厚。 In the Tianping era Gao Huan summoned him to Jinyang; he was constantly in the inner lodge and his treatment grew somewhat richer.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 34Volume 34 Biographies 26: Yang Yin; Yan Zixian; Song Qindao; Zheng Yi · 9 passages

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旣潛竄累載，屬神武至信都，遂投刺轅門。 Having lurked in hiding for several years, when Gao Huan reached Xindu he thereupon presented his card at the camp gate.

便蒙引見，贊揚興運，陳訴家禍，言辭哀壯，涕泗橫集，神武為之改容。 He was at once granted audience, praised the rising fortune, and stated his family's calamity; his words were mournful and strong, tears streamed across his face, and Gao Huan changed countenance for it.

時鄴未下，神武命愔作祭天文，燎畢而城陷。 At the time Ye had not yet fallen; Gao Huan ordered Yin to compose the text for a sacrifice to Heaven; when the burning was done the city fell.

神武愍之，恒相開慰。 Gao Huan pitied him and constantly comforted him.

郭秀素害其能，因致書恐之曰：「高王欲送卿於帝所。」 Guo Xiu by nature envied his ability and therefore sent a letter threatening him, saying, "The Prince of Qi wishes to send you to the Emperor's place."

神武知愔存，遣愔從兄寶猗賫書慰喻，仍遣光州刺史奚思業令搜訪，以禮發遣。 Gao Huan knew Yin was alive, sent Yin's cousin Baoyi with a letter to comfort and instruct him, and still sent Guangzhou inspector Xi Siye to search him out and send him off with ritual.

神武見之悅，除太原公開府司馬，轉長史，復授大行臺右丞，封華陰縣侯，遷給事黃門侍郎，妻以庶女。 Gao Huan was pleased to see him, made him staff officer of the Prince of Taiyuan's establishment, transferred him to chief clerk, again gave him right aide of the grand mobile staff, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Huayin county, promoted him to attendant gentleman of the yellow gate, and gave him a concubine's daughter in marriage.

臣與湛等為國事重，賀拔仁、斛律金等惜獻皇帝基業，共執遵彥等領入宮，未敢刑戮，專輒之失，罪合萬死。」 Your servant and Zhan took the weight of state upon ourselves; Heba Ren and Hulu Jin cherished Emperor Xian's foundation; we seized Zunyan and his fellows and brought them into the palace. We have not yet executed them; for our presumption we deserve ten thousand deaths."

高祖見之大悅，尚淮陽公主，甚被待遇。 Gaozu was delighted when he met him; Zixian married Princess Huaiyang and received especially favorable treatment.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 27: Pei Rangzhi; Li Guo; Zhang Yanzhi; Lu Ang; Wang Songnian; Liu Yi · 3 passages

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為太原公開府記室。 He became recorder on the staff of the Prince of Taiyuan.

神武問曰：「諏之何在？」 Gao Huan asked, "Where is Souzhi?"

神武善其言，兄弟俱釋。 Gao Huan approved his reply, and the brothers were all freed.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 38Volume 38 Biographies 30: Xin Shu; Yuan Wenyao; Zhao Yanshen · 4 passages

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神武在晉陽，索二史，子如舉彥深。 Gao Huan was at Jinyang and asked for the two histories; Ziru recommended Yanshen.

子如言於神武，徵補大丞相功曹參軍，專掌機密，文翰多出其手，稱為敏給。 Ziru spoke to Gao Huan; Yanshen was summoned and made staff officer for merit affairs in the Great Chancellor's office, handling secrets alone. Most papers passed through his hand, and men called him quick and sure.

神武曾與對坐，遣造軍令，以手捫其額曰：「若天假卿年，必大有所至。」 Gao Huan once sat facing him and ordered a military command drafted; he stroked Yanshen's forehead and said, "If Heaven grants you years, you will go far."

及神武崩，秘喪事，文襄慮河南有變，仍自巡撫，乃委彥深後事，轉大行臺都官郎中。 When Gao Huan died the mourning was kept secret. Gao Cheng feared trouble in Henan and went to inspect in person, leaving the aftermath to Yanshen and making him metropolitan administration section director.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 39Volume 39 Biographies 31: Cui Jishu; Zu Ting · 13 passages

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年十七，為州主簿，為大將軍趙郡公琛所器重，言之於神武。 At seventeen he served as provincial chief clerk. Grand General the Duke of Zhao commandery, Chen, favored him and recommended him to Gao Huan.

神武親簡丞郎，補季舒大行臺都官郎中。 Gao Huan personally screened chancellery and department officers and made Jishu lang in the mobile grand secretariat bureau of offices.

嘗為冀州刺史万俟受洛制《清德頌》，其文典麗，由是神武聞之。 He once composed the "Eulogy of Pure Virtue" for Moqi Shouluo, Inspector of Ji Province. Its writing was elegant, and because of this Gao Huan heard of him.

神武口授珽三十六事，出而疏之，一無遺失，大為僚類所賞。 Gao Huan dictated thirty-six items to Ting; Ting wrote them into a memorial without losing one, and colleagues admired him greatly.

時神武送魏蘭陵公主出塞嫁蠕蠕，魏收賦《出塞》及《公主遠嫁詩》二首，珽皆和之，大為時人傳詠。 Then Gao Huan was sending Princess Lanling of Wei beyond the frontier to marry the Rouran. Wei Shou wrote "Crossing the Frontier" and "The Princess Far Marriage"; Ting harmonized with both, and the age chanted them widely.

神武親問之，珽自言不受署，歸罪子先，神武信而釋之。 Gao Huan questioned him in person. Ting said he had no commission and blamed Zixian; Gao Huan believed him and released him.

珽出而言曰：「此丞相天緣明鑒，然實孝徵所為。」 Coming out he said, "The chancellor heaven-sent clarity sees through—but in truth Xiaozheng did it."

後為神武中外府功曹，神武宴僚屬，於坐失金叵羅，竇泰令飲酒者皆脫帽，於珽髻上得之，神武不能罪也。 Later he was merit officer in Gao Huan inner and outer government office. At a feast Gao Huan lost a gold bowl; Dou Tai made every drinker remove his cap—it was found in Ting's hair; Gao Huan could not punish him.

又與令史李雙、倉督成祖等作晉州啟，請粟三千石，代功曹參軍趙彥深宣神武教，給城局參軍事過典簽高景略，疑其定不實，密以問彥深，彥深答都無此事，遂被推檢，珽卽引伏。 Again with clerk Li Shuang, granary overseer Cheng Zu, and others he drafted a Jinzhou memorial for three thousand shi of grain; standing in for merit officer Zhao Yanshen he proclaimed Gao Huan order to garrison merit officer and passing registry clerk Gao Jinglue. Jinglue doubted the amount, secretly asked Yanshen, and Yanshen said there was no such order. Investigation followed, and Ting confessed at once.

神武大怒，決鞭二百，配甲坊，加鉗，其穀倍徵。 Gao Huan was furious: two hundred strokes, assignment to the armor ward, irons added, and the grain levied at double.

未及科，會幷州定國寺新成，神武謂陳元康、溫子升曰：「昔作《芒山寺碑》文，時稱妙絕，今《定國寺碑》當使誰作詞也？」 Before the levy was collected, the new Dingguo Temple in Bingzhou was finished. Gao Huan said to Chen Yuankang and Wen Zisheng, "The Mangshan Temple stele was called peerless—who should write the Dingguo Temple stele now?"

神武以其工而且速，特恕不問，然猶免官，散參相府。 Gao Huan, impressed by his skill and speed, especially pardoned him, though he still removed him from office to serve scattered in the chancellor office.

珽至是希旨，上書請追尊太祖獻武皇帝為神武，高祖文宣皇帝改為威宗景烈皇帝，以悅武成，從之。 Ting now played to the throne and memorialized to posthumously honor Grand Ancestor Emperor Xianwu as Emperor Shenwu and change High Ancestor Emperor Wenxuan's temple style to Weizong Jinglie Emperor. Wucheng was pleased and assented.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 40Volume 40 Biographies 32: Yu Jin (Northern Qi); Feng Zicong; Helian Ziyue; Tang Yong; Bai Jian · 5 passages

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士開引神武、文襄初崩並秘喪不舉，至尊年少，恐王公有貳心，意欲普追集涼風堂，然後與詳議。 He Shikai said that when Gao Huan and Gao Cheng first died, mourning had likewise been kept secret. The sovereign was young; he feared the princes and dukes might waver, and meant to gather everyone at the Cool Breeze Hall before discussing matters in full.

時太尉錄尚書事趙郡王叡先恒居內，預帷幄之謀，子琮素知士開忌叡及領軍臨淮王婁定遠，恐其矯遺詔出叡外任，奪定遠禁衛之權，因答云：「大行，神武之子，今上又是先皇傳位，群臣富貴者皆是至尊父子之恩，但令在內貴臣一無改易，王公已下必無異望。 At the time grand mentor and recorder of the masters of writing affairs, Prince of Zhao commandery Rui, had long lived inside the palace and shared counsel at the curtain. Zicong knew He Shikai resented Rui and general-in-chief of the guards Prince of Linhuai Lou Dingyuan and feared they might forge the final edict to send Rui out on provincial duty and strip Dingyuan of the guard command. He answered, "The late emperor was Gao Huan's son, and the present sovereign too received the throne from his predecessor. Every minister's wealth came from the sovereign father and son. Leave the great men inside the court unchanged, and the princes and dukes below will surely have no other wish.

及高祖起義，侯景為刺史，景本尒朱心腹，子悅勸景起義，景從之。 When Gao Huan raised the righteous army, Hou Jing was governor. Jing had been Erzhu Rong's trusted man; Ziyue urged him to join the uprising, and Jing followed.

太昌初，或薦於高祖，命其直外兵曹，典執文帳。 In the first Taichang year someone recommended him to Gao Huan, who had him attend the outer military affairs bureau and manage written registers.

齊朝因高祖作相，丞相府外兵曹、騎兵曹分掌兵馬。 In Northern Qi, when the Grand Ancestor became chancellor, the grand chancellor's external military bureau and cavalry bureau divided control of troops and horses.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 43Volume 43 Biographies 35: Li Zhilian; Feng Shu; Xu Dun; Yang Lie; Yuan Biao · 6 passages

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天平中，高祖擢為泰州開府長史、平北將軍。 In the Tianping era Gao Huan promoted him to chief of staff in the Taizhou establishment office and general who pacifies the north.

高祖頻幸河東，大相嗟賞。 Gao Huan frequently visited Hedong and greatly admired him, praising him aloud.

高祖行經冀州，總合河北六州文籍，商校戶口增損。 Gao Huan was passing through Ji province and gathered the documents of the six Hebei provinces to compare and verify increases and decreases in household registers.

高祖親自部分，多在馬上，徵責文簿，指景取備，事緒非一。 Gao Huan personally directed the work, mostly on horseback, demanding documents and pointing to scenes to require completeness—affairs of many kinds.

高祖顧謂司馬子如曰：「觀稚廉處分，快人意也。」 Gao Huan turned to Sima Ziru and said, "Watch how Zhilian disposes affairs—it satisfies the mind."

高祖還幷，以其事告世宗。 Gao Huan returned to Bing and told Gao Cheng of the affair.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 46Volume 46 Biographies 38: Good Officials · 10 passages

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高祖撥亂反正，恤隱為懷，故守令之徒，才多稱職。 Gao Huan set the realm right after chaos and held pity close, so many prefects and magistrates proved fit for their posts.

高祖開驃騎府，引為法曹參軍，遷大丞相府屬，仍侍左右。 When Gao Huan opened the Rapid Cavalry Office he made Huayuan a legal-cases staff officer, then a staff member of the Grand Chancellor's office, still attending at his side.

從於信都，深為高祖所親待。 He followed Gao Huan to Xindu and was deeply favored.

高祖每號令三軍，常令宣諭意旨。 Whenever Gao Huan commanded the three armies he often had Huayuan proclaim his intent.

周文帝始據雍州也，高祖猶欲以逆順曉之，使華原入關說焉。 When Emperor Wen of Zhou first held Yong province, Gao Huan still hoped to persuade him with the logic of loyalty and rebellion and sent Huayuan through the passes to argue with him.

華原曰：「渤海王命世誕生，殆天所縱，以明公蕞爾關右，便自隔絕，故使華原銜喻公旨。 Huayuan said: "The Prince of Bohai was born to order the age—perhaps Heaven itself set him free. Your lordship holds only the western passes and has cut yourselves off; Huayuan was sent to carry your message.

高祖以華原久而不返，每嘆惜之，及聞其來，喜見於色。 Gao Huan had long sighed over Huayuan's absence; when he heard of his return, joy showed on his face.

後高祖書與韶云：「典籖姓孟者極能用心，何不置之目前。」 Later Gao Huan wrote Shao: "The records-keeper surnamed Meng is extremely attentive—why not keep him before your eyes?"

韶，高祖之婿也。 Shao was Gao Huan's son-in-law.

高祖召赴晉陽，補相府功曹，稱之曰：「清直奉公，真良佐也。」 Gao Huan summoned him to Jinyang and made him staff merit officer in the chancellor's office, saying, "Pure, upright, and devoted to the public—he is a true fine assistant."

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 47Volume 47 Biographies 39: Cruel Officials · 5 passages

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自魏途不競，網漏寰區，高祖懲其寬怠，頗亦威嚴馭物，使內外羣官，咸知禁網。 When Wei lost hold of the realm the law's net gaped wide; Gao Huan punished lax rule and governed with stern majesty until every official, within and without, knew the prohibitory mesh.

從高祖起義，拜為長史。 He followed Gao Huan in raising the righteous army and was made chief clerk.

後神武自太原來朝，見之曰：「此人宋遊道耶？ When Gao Huan came from Taiyuan to court he said: "Is this Song Youdao?

後日，神武之司州，饗朝士，舉觴屬遊道曰：「飲高歡手中酒者大丈夫，卿之為人，合飲此酒。」 Days later at Si province Gao Huan feasted court gentlemen, raised his cup to Youdao: "He who drinks Gao Huan's wine is a great man; you fit this cup."

神武執遊道手曰：「甚知朝貴中有憎忌卿者，但用心，莫懷畏慮，當使卿位與之相似。」 Gao Huan took his hand: "I know nobles hate you; use your heart, fear nothing—I shall make your rank like theirs."

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 48Volume 48 Biographies 40: Imperial Affines · 10 passages

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高祖舉義，遷南營州刺史，卒。 When Gaozu rose in arms, Meng was made inspector of South Ying Province, where he died in office.

叡少好弓馬，有武幹，為高祖帳內都督。 In youth Rui loved archery and horsemanship, showed martial talent, and served in Gaozu’s personal guard.

其姊魏孝莊皇後，及四胡敗滅，高祖納之，待其家甚厚，文暢由是拜肆州刺史。 His sister had been Empress Xiaozhuang of Wei; after the Erzhu were overthrown, Gaozu married her and treated her kin lavishly, and Wenchang became inspector of Si Province.

任胄令仲禮藏刀於袴中，因高祖臨觀，謀為竊發，事捷之後，共奉文暢為主。 Ren Zhou hid a blade in Zhongli’s trousers; when Gaozu came to watch, they meant to strike—and if they succeeded, to set Wenchang on the throne.

為任氏家客薛季孝告高祖，問皆具伏。 Ren’s retainer Xue Jixiao exposed them to Gaozu, and under questioning all confessed.

以文暢事，當從坐，高祖特加寬貸。 He should have shared Wenchang’s guilt, but Gaozu spared him.

初，高祖遺令恕文略十死，恃此益橫，多所淩忽。 Gaozu’s will had granted Wenlüe ten stays of execution; emboldened, he grew ever more insolent.

少輕險，有膂力，高祖嬖寵其姊，以親戚被昵，擢帳內都督。 Young and reckless, strong of body, he rose through Gaozu’s fondness for his sister to a post in the personal guard.

嘗執高祖弓刀，出入隨從。 He even bore Gaozu’s bow and sword and attended him everywhere.

任胄為好酒不憂公事，高祖責之，胄懼，謀為逆。 Ren Zhou drank and neglected duty; rebuked by Gaozu, he turned to treason.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 49Volume 49 Biographies 41: Arts · 8 passages

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高祖起於信都，引為館客。 When Gaozu raised his banner at Xindu, Chun became his house diviner.

高祖將退軍，春叩馬諫曰：「比未時，必當大捷。」 Gaozu meant to retreat; Chun caught his bridle: “Before mid-afternoon you will win decisively.”

以術數干高祖為館客，授參軍丞相倉曹。 He offered his arts to Gaozu, became a house guest, and was made staff officer in the chancellor’s granary bureau.

高祖引為館客，自言祿命不富貴，不橫死，是以任性疏誕，多所犯忤，高祖常容惜之。 Gaozu kept him as house diviner; Zun said his fate held neither riches nor violent death, so he spoke freely and often gave offense, yet Gaozu indulged him.

高祖崩於晉陽，葬有日矣，世宗書令顯祖親卜宅兆相於鄴西北漳水北原。 After Gaozu died at Jinyang, Shizong ordered Xianzu to choose a tomb on the Zhang’s north bank west of Ye.

以道術事高祖。 He served Gaozu with Daoist arts.

是時官軍旗幟盡赤，西軍盡黑，懷文言於高祖曰：「赤火色，黑水色，水能滅火，不宜以赤對黑。 At this time the official army's banners were all red, and the western army's were all black. Huaiwen said to Gao Huan, "Red is the color of fire; black is the color of water. Water can extinguish fire. It is not fitting to set red against black.

高祖遂改為赭黃，所謂河陽幡者。 Gaozu switched to ochre yellow—the Heyang banners.

Book of Liang, Chapter 32Volume 32: Chen Qingzhi; Lan Qin · 1 passage

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魏天柱將軍尒朱榮、右僕射尒朱世隆、大都督元天穆、驃騎將軍尒朱吐沒兒、榮長史高歡、鮮卑、芮芮，勒衆號百萬，挾魏主元子攸來攻顥。 Wei's Pillar of Heaven Erzhu Rong, Erzhu Shilong, Grand Commander Yuan Tianmu, Erzhu Tumener, Rong's chief clerk Gao Huan, and Xianbei and Rouran allies marched with a host they claimed numbered a million, bringing Emperor Ziyou along to crush Hao.

Book of Liang, Chapter 39Volume 39: Yuan Faseng; Yuan Shu; Yuan Yuanda; Wang Shenian; Yang Hua; Yang Kan; Yang Kun; Yang Yaren · 1 passage

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魏人大駭，令僕射于暉率衆數十萬，及高歡、尒朱陽都等相繼而至，圍侃十餘重，傷殺甚衆。 Wei sent Yu Hui with hundreds of thousands, then Gao Huan and Erzhu Yangdu in waves, wrapping Kan in layer after layer of siege and slaughter.

Book of Wei, Chapter 31Volume 26: Zhang Sunfei, Weu Guzhen · 1 passage

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魏書當因避高歡諱改。 Wei shu likely altered the name to avoid the taboo on Gao Huan.

Book of Zhou, Chapter 10Volume 10 Biographies 2: Duke Hao of Shaohui; Duke Lian of Qijian; Duke Luosheng of Juzhuang; Duke Zhong of Yuguo · 5 passages

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及太祖定秦、隴，什肥為齊神武所害。 After Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai had pacified Qin and Long, Shifen was killed by Gao Huan.

齊神武渡河侵馮翊，太祖自弘農引軍入關，導督左右禁旅會於沙苑，與齊神武戰，大破之。 When Gao Huan crossed the Yellow River and invaded Fengyi, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai led his army into the passes from Hongnong. Yuwen Dao led the imperial guards to join him at Shayuan, where they fought Gao Huan and inflicted a crushing defeat.

元寶為齊神武所害。 Yuwen Yuanbao was killed by Gao Huan.

子菩提，為齊神武所害。 His son Puti was killed by Gao Huan.

齊神武寇沙苑，興預在行間，軍敗被虜，隨例散配諸軍。 When Gao Huan attacked at Shayuan, Yuwen Xing was serving in the ranks. His army was defeated and he was captured; under the usual practice for captives, he was assigned to one of the army units.

Book of Zhou, Chapter 17Volume 17 Biographies 9: Liang Yu; Guo Ganhui; Yi Feng; Liu Liang; Wang De · 10 passages

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太祖既平秦隴，方欲引兵東下，雍州刺史賈顯持兩端，通使於齊神武。 Once Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai had secured Qin and Long, he prepared to march east; but Yong Province governor Jia Xian wavered and opened talks with Gao Huan.

高歡志在凶逆，梟夷非遠。 Gao Huan aims at treason, and his downfall cannot be far away.

四年，魏文帝東巡洛陽，與齊神武戰於河橋，惠力戰破之，大收降卒。 In the fourth year Emperor Wen toured Luoyang and fought Gao Huan at Heqiao; Gan Hui fought fiercely, routed him, and took large numbers of prisoners.

軍至洛陽，齊神武於邙山將以邀我，太祖乃徙輜重於瀍曲，夜勒兵襲之。 Near Luoyang, Gao Huan waited on Mount Mang to cut them off; Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai shifted the baggage train to Chan Bend and struck by night.