Overview
Sima Ziru was an official.
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Zunye | 遵業 | Zunye |
| Posthumous name | Wenming | 文明 | Wenming |
Life and dates
Death
- Cause Illness · Died of illnessDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 178
Age
- 64Reckoning SuiDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 178
Attested activity
- AD 531 to AD 550 chapter title co-biography with Sun TengStrongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 1
- AD 549 世宗入輔朝政Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 161
- AD 549 世宗崩Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 172-173
- AD 550 to AD 560 司馬子如執政Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 6
- AD 534 to AD 545 司馬子如宵濟Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 18, passage 30
- AD 534 to AD 537 天平中Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 196
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- AD 534 天平初Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 150
- AD 525 to AD 527 孝昌中Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 129
- AD 543 to AD 549 尚書令司馬子如Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 47, passage 56
- AD 534 to AD 550 尚書令司馬子如Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 38, passage 112
- AD 549 文襄遇難後列過狀Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 21
- AD 546 景素輕高澄Dated from the passage context · Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance 159, passage 332
- AD 532 to AD 550 東魏北齊際Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 226-227, 231
- AD 543 武定Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 30, passage 26
- AD 546 武定四年Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 110, passage 107
- AD 528 to AD 529 永安初Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 132
- AD 500 to AD 525 神武生…為函使六年…自是乃有澄清天下之志Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 1, passages 31-32, 40
- AD 539 to AD 542 興和中Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 153
- AD 534 to AD 548 鄴中四貴Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 46
- AD 550 to AD 559 顯祖Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 175
- AD 534 to AD 547 高祖河北校籍Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 43, passage 21
- AD 550 齊受禪Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 167
- AD 534 to AD 550 齊神武佐命Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 21, passage 145
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kin of Sima Yingzhi (司馬膺之)Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 196-197, 227
- Kin of Sima Youzhi (司馬幼之)nephew treated like a son 猶子 · paternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 227
- Descendant of Sima Mo (司馬模)eighth-generation ancestor 八世祖 · paternal line · 8 generationsDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 123
- Kin of Wife of Yu Jin (皮氏女)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 6
- Kin of Sima Shiyun (司馬世雲)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 187-188
- Sibling of Sima Zuan (司馬纂)elder brother 兄 · Uncertain siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 185
- Sibling of Elder Sister of Sima Ziru (司馬子如姊)elder sister 姊 · Uncertain siblings
younger brother 弟Sources vary in certainty · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 169 - Child of Sima Xinglong (司馬興龍)father 父Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 126
- Parent of Sima Xiaonan (司馬消難)father 父
son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 21, passage 145; Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 180 - Sibling of Mother of Wife of Yu Jinsister 妹 · Uncertain siblingsStrongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 6
- Kinship Role sons of elder brothers · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 169
Key source chapters
- Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 18 Volume 18 Biographies 10: Sun Teng; Gao Longzhi; Sima Ziru 34 passages
- Book of Zhou, Chapter 21 Volume 21 Biographies 13: Wei Chijiong; Wang Qian; Sima Xiaonan 2 passages
- Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 30 Volume 30 Biographies 22: Cui Xian; Gao Dezheng; Cui Ang 7 passages
- Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 38 Volume 38 Biographies 30: Xin Shu; Yuan Wenyao; Zhao Yanshen 6 passages
- Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 1 Volume 1 Annals 1: Emperor Shenwu 1 3 passages
Career and standing
- acting administrator of Xiang Province 行相州事AD 529 元顥入洛 · Appointed actingDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 136
- acting commander of the middle army 中軍AD 525 to AD 527 孝昌中 · Appointed actingDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 129
- acting General Who Pacifies the South 假平南將軍Appointed actingDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 130
- acting governor of Jianxing 行建興太守Appointed actingDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 131
- Vice Director of the Left 左僕射AD 534 天平初 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 150
- commissioner of the Northern Circuit 北道行臺AD 539 to AD 542 興和中 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 153
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- Minister of Works 司空AD 550 齊受禪 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 167
- Attendant-in-Ordinary 侍中AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 144
- commander of Jianxing commandery 當郡都督AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 131
- Director in the Grand Mobilization Secretariat 大行臺尚書AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 149
- Grand Cavalry General 驃騎大將軍AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 144
- Grand Commandant 太尉AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 177
- marshal 司馬AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 130
- highest ministry / platform aide 臺輔AttainedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 226
- Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing 尚書右僕射AD 530 魏長廣王立 · Held concurrentlyDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 143
- director in the Grand Mobilization Office 大行臺郎中AD 528 to AD 529 永安初 · HeldDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 132
- affairs clerk at Huaishuo for Yunzhong 懷朔省事雲中HeldDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
- Commissioner with Protocol Equal to the Three Dukes 儀同三司OfferedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 144
- administrator of Ji Province 行冀州事RestoredDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 163
- Minister of Splendid Honors 金紫光祿大夫AD 529 顥平 · Summoned asDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 137
- Governor of Nanqi Province 南岐州刺史AD 531 高祖起義信都 · Transferred outDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 146
- administrator of Bing Province 行幷州事Transferred toDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 165
- director of the Secretariat 尚書令Transferred toDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 159
- marquis 侯AD 528 葛榮平 · AdvancedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 135
- Duke of Yangping Commandery 陽平郡公Advanced · Fief Households 1700Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 144
- Baron of Pingyao County 平遙縣子AD 528 to AD 529 永安初 · Enfeoffed · Fief Households 300Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 132
- Duke of Xuchang County 須昌縣公AD 550 齊受禪 · EnfeoffedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 167
- Baron of Yewang County 野王縣男Enfeoffed · Fief Households: 200Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 166
- Duke of Xuchang County 須昌縣公Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 197
- bearer of the staff of authority; commander of military affairs in Ji, Ding, Ying, Cang, and Huai; Grand Tutor; Grand Commandant; Inspector of Huai Province 使持節、都督冀定瀛滄懷五州諸軍事、太師、太尉、懷州刺史Posthumously grantedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 179
- merit in assisting the new regime 翼贊之功AD 550 齊受禪 · RecognizedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 167
- DeprivedStripped of office and rankDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 162
- DismissedDismissed from officeDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 176
- EnteredConfined · At Imperial Secretariat 尚書省Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 161
- Yitong Sansi 儀同三司Declined office · RefusedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 145
- RestoredOffice and rank restoredDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 166
- ImpeachedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 161
- PardonedPardoned from capital crimeDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 162
- taking a horse through the pass 以馬度關Reported · ReportedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 174
Places and affiliations
- Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 150, 153
- Polity Eastern Wei 東魏 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 226
- Polity Northern Qi 北齊 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 167
- Polity Northern Wei 魏 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 126, 129
- At Wen in Henei 河內溫Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 122
- At Yunzhong 雲中Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 31
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- AD 439 魏平姑臧At Yunzhong 雲中 · Relation Family moved toDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 125
- At Gaodu 高都 · Relation Stationed atDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 131
- At Ye 鄴城 · Relation Formerly heldDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 136
- Organization Four Dignitaries 四貴 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 46
Works and attributed material
- Encomium · Subject · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 231
- Memorial · Author · With Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi (文宣帝) · Mode named-source-report Speaker Sima Ziru (司馬子如)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 173
- Speech · Addressee · With Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi (文宣帝) · Mode quotation Speaker Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi (文宣帝)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 175
- Speech · Speaker · With Erzhu Shilong (尒朱世隆) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 139-141
Events and relationships
- Audiences with shared meals and giftsDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 151
- Beheaded magistratesAD 539 to AD 542 興和中 · Legal · Executioner · At Ding Province and Ji Province 定州、冀州Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 154-156
- Firmly declined yitong rankCourt · SubjectDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 145
- Fled capital with Erzhu householdDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 138
- Inspected provincesAD 539 to AD 542 興和中 · Administrative · InspectorDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 153-156
- Instructed in right conductDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 227
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- Jointly managed court affairsAD 534 天平初 · Political · Co administratorDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 150
- Led household south to Si ProvinceAD 525 to AD 527 孝昌中 · Migration · Subject · At Si Province 肆州Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 129
- Listed Jishu offensesDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 21
- Marched on Luoyang withDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 130
- Nephews pardoned for his old kindnessDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 192
- Night raid with Han GuiDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 18, passage 30
- Secretly entered Ye to strengthen defenseDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 134
- Sent congratulations and recalled old kindnessDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 148
- Sent to court byDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 133
- Summoned and rebukedDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 175
- Took no part in righteous banner risingPolitical · Non participant · Negated trueDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160
- Urged executionDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 173
- Urged executionDated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 173
- Wept and pleaded against removal unsuccessfullyPolitical · SubjectDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 147
- Relation Advisor at side of · Person Gao Huan (高歡)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 149
- Relation Bonded with · Person Gao Huan (高歡)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 128
- Relation Intimate of · Person Gao Huan (高歡)Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 226
- Relation Old associate of · Person Gao Huan (高歡)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 177
- Relation Old friend of · Person Gao Huan (高歡)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160
- Relation Client of · Person Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 129
- Relation Grudge holder against · Person Cui Jishu (崔季舒)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 21
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment among those who failed integrity and filled ravines with plunder · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 221
- Assessment clear in argument; able to speak to current affairs · Mode named-person-report Speaker Erzhu Rong (尒朱榮)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 133
- Assessment glib, clever of speech and pleasant of face · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 231
- Assessment glib, unrestrained, and given to obscene joking; discerning men disapproved · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 168
- Assessment greatly trusted and honored · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 150
- Assessment lacked forthright integrity and could not handle affairs impartially · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 170
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- Assessment openly accepted bribes and acted arbitrarily in ledger affairs · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 152
- Assessment reformed, gained reputation exposing fraud; subordinates feared him · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 164
- Assessment relied on old favor, held heavy responsibility without joining the rising, amassed wealth without cease · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 160
- Assessment rose by youthful intimacy and private favor, not founding merit; sat into highest ministry · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 226
- Assessment terrified gentry and commoners by violence over personnel decisions · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 157-158
- Assessment treated elder sister with ritual propriety and nephews with tender care; praised by eminent men · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 169
- Assessment uncle's love instructing Yingzhi in right conduct · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 227
- Assessment will rise to high office · Assessor Person Id Blind mother at Huize Marsh (回澤盲母) · Mode named-speech Speaker Blind mother at Huize Marsh (回澤盲母)Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 1, passage 40
- quick-witted with a gift for speech from youthCharacterDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 127
- Item one thousand lengths of goods 物一千段 · Relation Posthumously bestowedDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passage 179
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Book of Northern Qi 18, passages 1, 46, 122; Book of Northern Qi 39, passage 21
References in the histories
62 passages
No matching passages.