Tugh Temür (圖帖睦爾)

Overview

Tugh Temür was a Yuan emperor who reigned twice between 1328 and 1332.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Tuq Temür
Posthumous name	Emperor Jaya'adu	劄牙篤皇帝
Temple name	Wenzong	文宗	Wenzong
Native name	Jaya'adu	紥牙篤皇帝

Life and dates

Death

AD 1332 三年八月，文宗崩於上都
At Shangdu 上都
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passage 167
AD 1332 帝崩
From Source Date: Text: 帝崩 · Western Year: AD 1332
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 181
AD 1332 至順三年八月己酉
At Shangdu 上都
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passage 10

Age

29
AD 1332 帝崩 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 181

Attested activity

AD 1329 二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 227
AD 1328 八月…懷王即位
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 163
AD 1332 八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 36, passages 172, 181
AD 1329 又六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passage 239
AD 1329 天历二年八月
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passages 30, 32
AD 1328 天历元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 139, passage 47

Show 20 more source-backed claims

AD 1329 to AD 1332 天历年间
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 144, passages 32-33, 35, 38
AD 1329 天曆二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 106, passage 24
AD 1328 天曆元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 110, passages 677, 683-684
AD 1328 天曆元年秋
Directly stated · History of Yuan 137, passage 123
AD 1329 天歷二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passages 43, 84, 167
AD 1328 天歷元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 37, passage 6
AD 1328 天歷元年九月壬申
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 31
AD 1328 天歷初
Directly stated · History of Yuan 117, passage 99; History of Yuan 177, passage 145
AD 1328 天歷初
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 179, passage 141
AD 1328 to AD 1332 文宗
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 106, passage 29
AD 1328 to AD 1332 文宗
Directly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 26; History of Yuan 199, passage 77
AD 1328 文宗即位
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 209
AD 1328 文宗天曆元年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 221
AD 1325 泰定二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 20
AD 1328 泰定帝崩
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 161
AD 1329 生文宗，天歷二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passage 110
AD 1332 至順三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 110, passages 677, 703-704
AD 1332 至順三年八月己酉
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 37, passage 10
AD 1331 至順二年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 148
AD 1330 至順元年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passages 171-172

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Yan Tiegusi (燕帖古思)
son 子 · AD 1340 後至元六年六月
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 193, 202
Spouse of Budashili (不答失裏)
uncle's wife 叔嬸 · AD 1340 後至元六年六月
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 197, 201; History of Yuan 118, passage 26
Sibling of Khoshila (和世㻋)
uncle 叔 · Uncertain siblings · AD 1340 後至元六年六月
younger 次 · Full siblings
younger brother 帝弟 · Full siblings
Sources vary in certainty · History of Yuan 36, passages 197, 201; History of Yuan 37, passage 3; History of Yuan 31, passage 20
Child of Empress Wenxian Zhaosheng (文獻昭聖皇后)
bore 生
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passage 110
Spouse of Empress Dowager of Wenzong (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 37, passage 10
Spouse of Budashili (卜答失里)
empress 皇后
Directly stated · History of Yuan 106, passage 33
Spouse of Budashiri (卜答失裏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passages 160, 162
Child of Wuzong (武宗)
had sons 有子
son 子
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passage 3; History of Yuan 180, passage 161
Child of Tangwu (唐兀氏)
mother 母
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Yuan 106, passage 24
Child of Wuzong (武宗)
sage sons 聖子
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 24
Sibling of Zhou King (周王)
two sons 二子 · Full siblings
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 161

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Prince of Huai 懷王
AD 1325 泰定二年 · Held
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 20
Emperor Jaya'adu 劄牙篤皇帝
AD 1334 元統二年正月己酉 · National language posthumous title granted
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 183
Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao 聖明元孝皇帝
AD 1334 元統二年正月己酉 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 183
Wenzong 文宗
AD 1334 元統二年正月己酉 · Temple name granted
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 183
Huai King 懷王
Held
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 161
Installed
AD 1329 天歷二年四月癸卯 · Crown prince
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 84

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Crown Prince seal 皇太子寶
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Crown prince · Received seal · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 189
Executed
AD 1328 天历元年 · With Duoluotai (朵罗台)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 139, passage 47
removal of temple spirit tablet 除其廟主
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Spirit tablet removed · Removed · Authority Son of Mingzong (明宗之子) · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 185, 200
Assumed throne
AD 1329 天历二年八月
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passage 32
Reassumed throne
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 191
AD 1328 八月…懷王即位，是為文宗
At Jiangling 江陵
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 163
AD 1329 又六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passage 239
AD 1328 天曆元年秋
Directly stated · History of Yuan 137, passage 123
AD 1329 天歷二年八月己亥
restored after Mingzong's death
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 167
AD 1328 天歷元年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passage 6
AD 1328 天歷元年九月壬申
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 31
AD 1328 文宗即位
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 209
AD 1329 明宗崩後
again ascended
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passage 7

Places and affiliations

Yuan 元
Relation Ruled or served
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 31
Polity Id yuan · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 37, passage 3
Polity Id yuan · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 181, 183; History of Yuan 115, passage 239; History of Yuan 118, passage 26; History of Yuan 137, passage 123; History of Yuan 144, passages 30, 32; History of Yuan 177, passages 145, 148, 209, 221, 227; History of Yuan 180, passage 163
Polity Id yuan · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 106, passage 24
Polity Id yuan · Relation Ruler
Directly stated · History of Yuan 199, passage 77
Polity Id yuan · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Yuan 110, passage 677

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Polity Id yuan · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 139, passage 2
AD 1325 泰定二年
At Jiankang 建康 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 20
AD 1332 癸丑
At Qilian Valley 起輦谷 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 182
At Jiangling 江陵 · Relation Departed from
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passage 30

Works and attributed material

Edict · Author · Mode quotation Speaker Tugh Temür (圖帖睦爾)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 31
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Duo'erzhiban (朵尔直班)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 139, passage 105
老臣如卿者無幾，求退之言，後勿復陳。
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Zhao Shiyan (趙世延)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 180, passage 172
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation Speaker Tugh Temür (圖帖睦爾)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passages 29-30

Events and relationships

Accession edict already proclaimed throughout the realm when Shaanxi rose
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Yuan 137, passage 127
Appointed Wu Ke registrar
Appointment · Appointing authority · With Wu Ke (武恪)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 199, passage 142
Approved Hao memorial on literary governance
AD 1328 文宗即位 · Governance · Ruler · With Chen Hao (陳顥)
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 177, passage 209
Bestowed golden belt
Political · Ruler · With Dalima (答里麻)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passage 38
Bier set out
AD 1332 癸丑 · Funeral · Deceased
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 182
Destroyed Xianzong temple chamber
AD 1329 又六年 · Ritual · Authority · With Xianzong (顯宗)
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passage 239

Show 15 more source-backed claims

Joined in grand temple
AD 1334 三月己酉 · Ritual · Honoree · At Grand Temple 太廟
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 184
Killed to silence
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Legal · Orderer · With Yili Yali (也裏牙) · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 195
Plotted treason
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Political · Conspirator · With Khoshila (和世㻋) · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 185, 190
Presented seal under name of yielding throne
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Political · Actor · With Khoshila (和世㻋) · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 189
Reappointed as grand academician
AD 1328 文宗即位 · Appointment · Appointing authority · With Chen Hao (陳顥)
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 177, passage 209
Recalled and appointed
AD 1328 文宗天曆元年 · Personnel · Authority · With Siming (思明)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 221
Refused resignation then lost him the next day
AD 1329 二年 · Court audience · Sovereign · With Siming (思明)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 227
Rewarded with brocade robes
Political · Ruler · With Dalima (答里麻)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passage 33
Rewarded Zhang Sheng with wine and silks
Honorific · Bestower · With Zhang Sheng (張昇)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 145
Schemed to transmit throne to son
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Political · Schemer · With Yan Tiegusi (燕帖古思) · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 193
Sent gifts to summon Du Ben
Summons · Summoner · With Du Ben (杜本)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 199, passage 77
Set out from
Travel · Emperor · At Jiangling 江陵
Directly stated · History of Yuan 144, passage 30
Temporarily oversaw state affairs
AD 1340 後至元六年六月 · Political · Interim regent · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 188
Relation Yielded to · Person Khoshila (和世㻋)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passages 29-30
Relation Ruler of · Person Zhang Sheng (張昇)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passages 145, 148

Assessments and attributes

Assessment all-within-seas-gnashed-teeth-at-his-excuse · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passages 191-192
Assessment especially deep in compassionate love toward Ningzong · Mode quoted-source Speaker Yilianzhen Shiraban (懿璘質班)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 37, passage 32
Assessment evil-without-repentance · Mode edict Speaker Son of Mingzong (明宗之子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 36, passage 190
Assessment praised and accepted Hao's proposals · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Yuan 177, passage 209
AD 1329 天歷二年七月丙子
Item crown prince's seal 皇太子寶 · Relation Received
Directly stated · History of Yuan 31, passage 159