Li Congke (從珂) | 24 Histories

Overview

Li Congke was an emperor of Later Tang.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Wang Congke	王從珂	Wáng Cóngkē
Childhood name	Asan	阿三	Asan
Posthumous name	Deposed Emperor	廢帝	Feidi
Epithet	usurper	偽主

Life and dates

Death

AD 936 辛巳
self-immolation 自焚死 · Age 51
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passages 102, 135
AD 937 廢帝自焚
Self immolation
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 30
AD 936 潞王從珂自焚於洛陽
Self immolation · At Luoyang 洛陽
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191
Self immolation / burned himself
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 88

Age

51
Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 135

Attested activity

AD 937 廢帝自焚
Event p001 is personally a named victim in the shared terminal fire; this duplicates the corresponding death evidence, not a later reception date.
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 30
AD 934 應順元年，歲次甲午，四月庚午朔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 199-200
AD 934 應順元年二月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 69
AD 936 Chronology stated or entailed by s0007
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 7
AD 924 同光二年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 24
AD 934 to AD 936 唐廢帝時
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 54

Show 31 more source-backed claims

AD 926 天成元年六月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 81
AD 936 天福元年失位
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passages 31-32, 46, 175-176
AD 936 天顯九年十一月冊文追述從珂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 185
AD 936 契丹立敬瑭 / 帝自焚
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 88
AD 936 己酉
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 158
AD 934 to AD 936 廢帝/清泰間
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 49, 52
AD 934 廢帝入立
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 146
AD 934 廢帝即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 12; New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 114
AD 934 廢帝即位
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 4
AD 926 to AD 936 從珂
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 197
AD 936 從珂弒君自立
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 132
AD 934 應順元年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 11
AD 926 to AD 933 明宗時
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 11
AD 934 明年正月
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 37-38
AD 936 是日廢帝猶在
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 175
AD 936 晉之將起
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 98
AD 936 清泰三年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 102
AD 936 清泰三年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 13
AD 934 清泰元年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 159; New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 37; New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 145
AD 934 清泰元年反而即位
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passages 173-174
AD 934 漢瓊西迎廢帝於路
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 104
AD 934 潞王從珂以鳳翔反
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 157
AD 934 潞王從珂反
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 6
AD 934 潞王從珂反於鳳翔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 109
AD 936 潞王從珂自焚於洛陽
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191
AD 936 辛亥
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 159
AD 932 長興三年秋七月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134
AD 931 長興二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passages 26-27, 96
AD 930 長興元年夏四月，今月五日
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 58, 61
AD 930 長興元年夏四月戊戌
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 53
AD 930 長興元年夏四月癸丑前後
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 67, 71

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Li Siyuan (李嗣源)
imperial son 皇子
raised as a son 養以為子 · Adoptive parentage
son 子 · Adoptive parentage
father 父 · AD 931 長興二年
adopted son 養子 · Adoptive parentage
Sources vary in certainty · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 81; New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 21; New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 8, 10; Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 26; History of Liao 72, passage 132
Child of Wang of Pingshan (王氏)
bore a son 生子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 7, 10
Parent of Youcheng (幼澄)
daughter 女
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 15
Sibling of Li Conghou (李從厚)
elder brother 兄 · Uncertain siblings
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 129-130
Spouse of Empress Liu (劉後)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passages 1, 4; New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 61
Child of Mingzong (明宗)
imperial son 皇子 · paternal line
father and son 父子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 53, 79
Child of Mingzong (明宗)
imperial prince 皇子
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134
Kin of Zhao Zaili (趙在禮)
Li Congzhang 李從璋 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 34
Child of Empress Dowager Xuanxian (宣憲皇太后)
mother 母
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 63
Child of Lady Wei (魏氏)
mother 母
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 1, 10
Sibling of Congrong (從榮)
princes 諸王 · Uncertain siblings
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 70
Child of Lady Wei (魏氏)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passages 20-21
Parent of Chongmei (重美)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 15; New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 81
Parent of Li Chongji (李重吉)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 15
Parent of Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (後唐莊宗)
the prince’s son 王子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 33

Kinship Role daughter · Count 1 · became a nun styled Youcheng; birth mothers of all children unknown
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 15
Kinship Role sons · Count 2
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passages 14-15
Kinship Role kin · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 185

Key source chapters

Career and standing

honorary Grand Commandant 檢校太尉
Advanced
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 53
prefect of Weizhou and surprise-cavalry commander 衛州刺史突騎指揮使
AD 924 同光二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 24
military governor of Fengxiang 鳳翔節度使
AD 932 長興三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 32
Inspector Grand Tutor; Grand Councillor; acting Jingzhao intendant; Western Capital regent 檢校太傅、同平章事、行京兆尹、西都留守
AD 931 長興二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 96
Left Guard senior general 左衛大將軍
AD 931 長興二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 26
Fengxiang military commissioner 鳳翔節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134

Show 23 more source-backed claims

Hezhong military commissioner 河中節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 81
military governor of Hezhong 河中節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 27
emperor 帝
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 98, 114
Hedong military commissioner 河中節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 53, 58
Hezhong acting military commissioner 河中留後
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 81
Jingzhao prefect 京兆尹
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134
military governor of Fengxiang 鳳翔節度使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 37, 184
Prince of Lu 潞王
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 157
western capital regent 西京留守
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134
Duke of the State 開國公
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 53
Prince of Lu 潞王
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 27
Prince of Lu 潞王
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 37, 109
Retroactively demoted
Commoner · Authority Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 46
Stole the throne
Usurper · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Khitan Emperor (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 185
Deposed emperor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 7
Ordered the killing of Tuyu
Agents Qin Jimin (秦繼旻), Li Yanzhen (李彥紳)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 7
Ordered
AD 934 清泰元年四月 · Execution · With Kang Yicheng (康義誠)
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 145
Stripped offices and ranks
Target Person Id Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭) · Authority Li Congke (從珂)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 32
Deposed Emperor 廢帝
AD 934 清泰元年 · Acceded
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 174
Enthroned
AD 934 應順元年，歲次甲午，四月庚午朔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 199-200
AD 934 乙亥
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 49
AD 934 廢帝即位
Emperor
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 4
took the throne 即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 114

Places and affiliations

Later Tang 唐
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passages 38, 49
Later Tang 後唐
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 49, 199
Polities Later Tang
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 7
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 53
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 134

Show 15 more source-backed claims

Polity Later Tang · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 158
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passages 158, 185
At Pingshan in Zhenzhou 鎮州平山
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 20
AD 936 廢帝遂如河陽
At Heyang 河陽 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 24
At Fengxiang 鳳翔 · Relation Based at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 184
At Fengxiang 鳳翔 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 16
At Hedong 河中 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 53, 58
At Huaizhou 懷州 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 79
At Huiling precinct 徽陵域中 · Relation Burial place
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 135
At Luoyang 洛陽 · Relation Died at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191
At northern capital 北京 · Relation Transferred to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 18
At Pingshan 平山 · Relation Birthplace
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 20
At Qinghua Lane residence 清化裏第 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 71
At Yellow Dragon Estate 黃龍莊 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 58
At Yuxiang county 虞鄉縣 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 61

Works and attributed material

Annals of the Last Emperor 末帝紀
Relation Subject of
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 77
Letter · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 65, passages 111-114
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 58, 61
Proclamation · Authorizer · With Li Zhuanmei (李專美)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 193
Proclamation · Author
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 69
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 70, 76, 81, 188, 201

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passages 75-76

Events and relationships

Appointed cavalry commander
Military · Appointer · With Kang Sili (康思立)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 115
Appointed
Political · Appointer · With Han Zhaoyin (韓昭胤)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 98
Burned himself as Jin army arrived
AD 937 廢帝自焚 · Military · Defeated ruler · With Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passages 28, 30
Burned himself at Luoyang
AD 936 潞王從珂自焚於洛陽 · Death · Deceased
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191
Burned to death
Death · Subject · At capital 京師
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 40, 43
Encamped
AD 936 己酉 · Military · Commander · At Heqiao 河橋
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 158

Show 20 more source-backed claims

Had lost Hezhong and was summoned and reassured by the emperor
AD 931 長興二年 · Political · Imperial prince · With Li Siyuan (李嗣源)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 27
Lost Hedong city when Yang Yanwen rebelled while Congke inspected horses
Military · Commander · With Yang Yanwen (楊彥溫) · At Yellow Dragon Estate 黃龍莊
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 58
Ordered to come to court
Political · Subject
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 63
Ordered deployments
AD 936 辛亥 · Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 159
Ordered killing
Legal · Authority · With Yelü Bei (突欲)
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 134
Personal campaign forced by Yanlang
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 78
Pressed a fortified city
Military · Attacker · With Jingtang (敬瑭) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Khitan Emperor (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 186
Pressed
Political · Pressing authority · With Jingtang (敬瑭)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 157
Rebelled at Fengxiang
AD 934 清泰元年 · Rebellion · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 173
Rebelled
AD 934 to AD 934 廢帝自疑，乃反 · Military · Rebel leader
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 19
Rebelled
AD 934 鳳翔節度使潞王從珂反 · Military · Rebel leader · At Fengxiang 鳳翔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 11
Rebelled
Military · Rebel · At Fengxiang 鳳翔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 109, 128
Rebelled
Rebellion · Leader
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 38, 193
Returned to Qinghua Lane residence after Yanwen's execution
Personal · Subject
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 71
Seized throne
Political · Usurper
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 132
Self immolation
AD 936 辛巳 · Ritual · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 135
Transferred then retired
Political · Ruler · With Kang Sili (康思立)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 114
Military · Recipient of surrender · With Kang Yicheng (康義誠)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 144
Military · Recipient of surrender · With Kang Sili (康思立)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 113
Relation Rival of · Person Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 52

Assessments and attributes

Assessment long feared Empress Liu · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 3
Assessment renowned; An Chonghui envied his fame and slandered him · Mode hearsay
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 70
Assessment suspected Jingtang would rebel · With Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭) · Mode reported-belief Source Person Id Li Congke (從珂)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 174
Assessment usurper not of the imperial clan; abandoned righteousness; defied Heaven; tyrannized the people · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Khitan Emperor (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 185
broad/imposing bearing; quiet and few of words; fierce and skilled in battle
Physical description
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 22
Item jade seal 玉璽 · Relation Lost at death · whereabouts unknown; suspected burned
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 191

Source notes

王從珂 follows Jin people's original wording
Field name wording · Mode historian-comment Source Work Xin Wudaishi
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 176
Historicity historical
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 197
written as a son, unlike Li Siyuan
Field historiographical-status · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 197
From Asan 阿三 · To Congke 從珂 · By Person Id Li Siyuan (李嗣源)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 21

References in the histories

Search passages

History

133 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 36Volume 36 Book of Later Tang 12: Mingzong Annals 2 · 1 passage

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以皇子河中留後從珂為河中節度使，百僚表賀。 Li Congke, Hezhong acting commissioner, became Hezhong commissioner; the court congratulated him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Book of Later Tang 17: Mingzong Annals 7 · 6 passages

Open chapter

戊戌，遂州節度使夏魯奇加同平章事，皇子河中節度使從珂進位檢校太尉，封開國公。 On wuxu Xia Luqi of Suizhou became grand councillor and Prince Congke of Hedong became honorary Grand Commandant and state duke.

皇子河中節度使從珂奏：「臣今月五日，閱馬於黃龍莊，衙內指揮使楊彥溫據城叛，臣尋時詰問，稱奉宣命。 Prince Congke of Hedong reported: "On the fifth, while inspecting horses at Yellow Dragon Estate, commander Yang Yanwen rebelled and seized the city, claiming a proclamation order.

詔從珂赴闕。 Mingzong ordered Congke to court.

時議皆以為安重誨方弄國權，從榮諸王敬事不暇，獨忌從珂威名，每於帝前屢言其短，巧作窺圖，冀能傾陷。 Opinion held that An Chonghui monopolized power while Congrong and other princes barely kept up courtesy; Chonghui alone envied Congke and repeatedly slandered him to Mingzong hoping to destroy him.

彥溫既誅，從珂歸清化裏第。 After Yanwen's execution Congke returned to his Qinghua Lane residence.

重誨謂馮道等曰：「蒲帥失守，責帥之義，法當如何？」 Chonghui asked Feng Dao and others: "The Hedong commander lost his post—what penalty applies for punishing a commander?"

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 42Volume 42 Book of Later Tang 18: Mingzong Annals 8 · 3 passages

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丙寅，以皇子從珂為左衛大將軍。 On bingyin Prince Li Congke became left guard senior general.

從珂自河中失守，歸清化裏第，至是安重誨出鎮河中，帝召見，泣而謂之曰：「如重誨意，爾安得更相見耶！」 Congke had lost Hezhong and lived in Qinghua Lane; when An Chonghui left for Hezhong Mingzong summoned him weeping: "As Chonghui wished, you would never meet again!"

乙丑，以皇子左衛大將軍從珂依前檢校太傅，加同平章事、行京兆尹，充西都留守。 On yichou Li Congke became again inspector grand tutor, grand councillor, acting Jingzhao intendant, and western capital regent.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Book of Later Tang 19: Mingzong Annals 9 · 1 passage

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以皇子西京留守、京兆尹從珂為鳳翔節度使。 Congke, imperial prince, western capital regent, and Jingzhao prefect, became Fengxiang commissioner.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65 Book of Later Tang 41: Biographies 17: Li Jianji, Shi Junli, Gao Xinggui, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Sitong, Suo Zitong · 14 passages

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時潞王鎮鳳翔，與之鄰境，及潞王不稟朝旨，致書於秦、涇、雍、梁、邠諸帥，言：「賊臣亂政，屬先帝疾篤，謀害秦王，迎立嗣君，自擅權柄，以致殘害骨肉，搖動藩垣。 The Prince of Lu held Fengxiang on Sitong's border. When he defied the court he wrote the governors of Qin, Jing, Yong, Liang, and Bin: "Wicked ministers have thrown the government into chaos. As the late emperor lay dying they plotted against the Prince of Qin, installed a puppet heir, and seized power for themselves, wounding the imperial family and unsettling the frontiers.

十六日，復進攻其城，潞王登陴泣諭於外，聞者悲之。 On the sixteenth they assaulted the main wall again. The Prince of Lu mounted the ramparts and wept down to the army below; men who heard him were heartsick.

二十二日，潞王至昭應，前鋒執思同來獻。 On the twenty-second the Prince of Lu reached Zhaoying; the van took Sitong and brought him in as prisoner.

王謂左右曰：「思同計乖於事，然盡心於所奉，亦可嘉也。」 The prince told his attendants, "Sitong chose the losing side, but he gave his whole heart to his lord—that still deserves praise."

思同至，潞王讓之曰：「賊臣傾我國家，殘害骨肉，非予弟之過。 When Sitong came up, the Prince of Lu rebuked him: "Traitors have wrecked the realm and hurt the imperial house—that is not my brother's fault.

潞王為之改容，徐謂之曰：「且憩歇。」 The prince's face softened. He said gently, "Rest awhile."

潞王欲用之，而楊思權之徒恥見其面，屢啟劉延朗，言「思同不可留，慮失士心。」 The prince meant to keep him, but Yang Siquan and the others could not bear to look on him. They told Liu Yanlang again and again, "Sitong must not stay or we will lose the army's loyalty."

又，潞王入長安時，尹暉盡得思同家財及諸妓女，故尤惡思同，與劉延朗亟言之。 When the prince entered Chang'an, Yin Hui had plundered Sitong's house and his singing girls, so he hated Sitong all the more and pressed Liu Yanlang to act.

屬王醉，不待報，殺思同並其子德勝。 While the prince was drunk they did not wait for orders and killed Sitong and his son Desheng.

潞王醒，召思同，左右報已誅之矣。 When the prince woke he called for Sitong; his attendants said the man was already dead.

潞王怒延朗，累日嗟惜之。 The prince raged at Yanlang and mourned the deed for days.

初，自通既平楊彥溫，代末帝鎮河中，臨事失於周旋，末帝深銜之。 After he crushed Yang Yanwen, Zitong replaced the Last Emperor as governor of Hezhong. He handled affairs clumsily, and the Last Emperor nursed a deep grudge.

〈（《通鑒》：自通至鎮，承安重誨指，籍軍府甲仗數上之，以為從珂私造，賴王德妃居中保護，從珂由是得免。）〉 (《Comprehensive Mirror》: On reaching his command Zitong followed An Chonghui's orders, counted the arsenal's arms and armor and reported them to court as proof that Congke was forging weapons in secret. Only Consort De's intervention saved Congke from ruin.)〉

及末帝即位，自通憂悸求死。 When the Last Emperor came to the throne, Zitong lived in dread and longed for death.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 75Volume 75 Book of Later Jin 1: Gaozu Annals 1 · 4 passages

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帝與契丹本無結好，自末帝見迫之後，遣心腹何福，以刀錯為信，一言親赴其難，迅若流電，信天意耶！ The Emperor and the Khitan had originally no pact of friendship. After the Last Emperor pressed him, he sent his trusted man He Fu with a knife and file as tokens of faith. With one word the Khitan ruler came personally to his aid, swift as lightning. Was this not Heaven's intent!

己酉，唐末帝率親軍步騎三萬出次河橋。 On the jiyou day Tang's Last Emperor led thirty thousand personal infantry and cavalry and encamped at Heqiao.

辛亥，末帝詔樞密使趙延壽分眾二萬為北面招討使，又詔魏博節度使範延光統本軍二萬人屯遼州。 On the xinhai day the Last Emperor ordered Chief Palace Secretary Zhao Yanshou to take twenty thousand troops as northern campaign commander, and also ordered Weibo military commissioner Fan Yanguang to command his own army of twenty thousand men at Liaozhou.

朕昨以獨夫從珂，本非公族，竊據寶圖，棄義忘恩，逆天暴物，誅剪骨肉，離間忠良，聽任矯諛，威虐黎獻，華夷震悚，內外崩離，知爾無辜，為彼致害。 I have lately seen that the usurper Congke, not of the imperial clan, stole the throne, abandoned righteousness and forgot kindness, defied Heaven and ravaged the people, executed his own kin, set loyal men at odds, listened to flattery, tyrannized the common people, and made Chinese and barbarians alike tremble until inner and outer order collapsed. Knowing you were innocent, he brought harm upon you.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 1 passage

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帝進狀曰：「頃以偽主王從珂於洛京大內自焚之後，其真傳國寶不知所在，必是當時焚之。 The emperor replied: "After the usurper Wang Congke burned himself in the Luoyang palace the true imperial seal was lost and must have perished in that fire.

History of Liao, Chapter 72Volume 72 Biographies 2: Imperial Family: Yi Zongbei, the Foreign Emperor Zhang Su, Shun Zongjun, Jin Wangaoluwo · 3 passages

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後明宗養子從珂弒其君自立，倍密報太宗曰：「從珂弒君，盍討之。」 Later Mingzong's adopted son Congke murdered his sovereign and seized power; Bei secretly informed Taizong, "Congke has murdered his lord—we ought to punish him."

從珂欲自焚，召倍與俱，倍不從，遣壯士李彥紳害之，時年三十八。 Congke meant to burn himself and summoned Bei to die with him; Bei refused, and Congke sent the strongman Li Yanzhen to kill him. Bei was thirty-eight.

道隱生於唐，人皇王遭李從珂之害，時年尚幼，洛陽僧匿而養之，因名道隱。 Daoyin was born in Tang; when the Human Emperor King was killed by Li Congke he was still a child, and a Luoyang monk hid and raised him—hence the name Daoyin.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 5Volume 5 Later Tang Annals 2: Zhuangzong 2 · 1 passage

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後唐太祖置義兒軍如李嗣昭等甚眾，初皆賜姓名，而不全若子，故書李嗣源者，書其所賜姓名爾，不以子書也，與友文、從珂異。 Later Tang Taizu created an “adopted-sons army,” including many men such as Li Sizhao. They were originally granted surnames and personal names, but were not all sons in the full sense. Thus “Li Siyuan” records only the bestowed name, not a filial status, unlike Youwen and Congke.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Later Tang Annals 4: Deposed Emperors · 27 passages

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鳳翔節度使潞王從珂反。 Congke, Prince of Lu and military governor of Fengxiang, rebelled.

三月丙辰，思同兵潰，嚴衛指揮使尹暉、羽林指揮使楊思權以其軍叛降於從珂。 On bingchen of the third month Sitong’s force collapsed. Yin Hui of the Yanwei command and Yang Siquan of the Yulin command took their units over to Congke.

西京副留守劉遂雍叛降於從珂，思同奔歸於京師，不克，死之。 Liu Suiyong, deputy defender of Luoyang, went over to Congke. Sitong raced for the capital, failed to break through, and was killed.

丁卯，京城巡檢使安從進叛，殺馮赟，朱弘昭自殺，從進傳其二首於從珂。 On dingmao the capital inspector An Congjin mutinied, slew Feng Yun, and Zhu Hongzhao took his own life. Congjin forwarded both heads to Congke.

不書帝崩者，當於廢帝紀書弒鄂王也。 The text does not say here that the emperor died because the event belongs in Feidi’s annals as the murder of the Prince of E.

廢帝，鎮州平山人也，本姓王氏，其世微賤，母魏氏，少寡，明宗為騎將，過平山，掠得之。 Feidi came from Pingshan in Zhenzhou. His original surname was Wang, and his family was humble. His mother, Lady Wei, was widowed young; Mingzong seized her when he passed through Pingshan as a cavalry officer.

魏氏有子阿三，已十餘歲，明宗養以為子，名曰從珂。 Lady Wei already had a boy called Asan, past ten. Mingzong adopted him and gave him the name Congke.

自晉兵戰梁於河上，從珂常立戰功，莊宗呼其小字曰：「阿三不徒與我同年，其敢戰亦類我。」 While Jin and Liang battled along the Yellow River, Congke piled up merit. Zhuangzong used his pet name and said, “Asan is more than a comrade of my years—he fights the way I do.”

明宗討趙在禮，自魏反兵而南，從珂率戍兵自曲陽、孟縣馳出常山以追明宗。 When Mingzong marched south from Wei against Zhao Zaili, Congke swept down from Quyang and Meng county through Changshan to join him.

明宗之南也，兵少，得從珂兵在後，而軍聲大振。 Mingzong’s column was thin on the road south, but Congke’s detachment in the rear made the host seem suddenly vast.

明宗入立，拜從珂河中節度使，封潞王。 After Mingzong seized the throne he made Congke military governor of Hezhong and created him Prince of Lu.

是時，明宗春秋已高，王於諸子次最長，樞密使安重誨患之，乃矯詔河中裨將楊彥溫使圖之。 Mingzong was old by then, and the Prince of Lu outranked every other son. An Chonghui, who controlled the Bureau of Military Affairs, grew alarmed and forged orders for Yang Yanwen, a Hezhong subordinate, to move against him.

王閱馬於黃龍莊，彥溫即閉門拒之，王止於虞鄉以聞。 While the prince exercised horses at Yellow Dragon Manor, Yanwen barred the gates. He camped at Yuxiang and sent word to the throne.

明宗召王還京師，居之清化裏第。 Mingzong recalled him to Luoyang and housed him in the mansion on Qinghua Lane.

重誨數請行軍法，明宗不聽，後重誨見殺，乃起王為左衛大將軍、西京留守。 Chonghui pressed again and again for court-martial; Mingzong refused. After Chonghui’s fall the prince was restored as Left Guard grand general and defender of Luoyang.

又徙王為北京留守，不降制書而宣授，又以李從璋為代。 They shifted the prince to Taiyuan as metropolitan defender—by word of mouth, with no written patent—and installed Li Congzhang at Fengxiang in his place.

初，安重誨得罪罷河中，以從璋為代，而重誨見殺，故王益自疑，遂據城反。 Congzhang had once succeeded An Chonghui at Hezhong when Chonghui fell. Chonghui’s execution only deepened the prince’s fears; he closed Fengxiang and rose in arms.

清泰元年三月丁巳，王以兵東。 On dingsi of the third month of Qingtai 1 (934) the prince drove his army east.

夏四月壬申，入京師，馮道率百官迎王於蔣橋，王辭不見。 On renshen of the fourth month, in summer, he entered Luoyang. Feng Dao brought the bureaucracy to Jiang Bridge to welcome the prince, who refused to show himself.

入哭於西宮，遂見群臣，道拜，王答拜。 He went in to weep at the Western Palace, then received the ministers. Feng Dao bowed; the prince bowed in return.

癸酉，以太后令降天子為鄂王，命王監國。 On guiyou the empress dowager’s edict demoted Conghou to Prince of E and put Congke in charge of the realm as regent.

乙亥，皇帝即位。 On yihai the Deposed Emperor took the throne.

義誠叛于愍帝，罪宜曰「誅」，而廢帝同惡相殺，故書曰「殺」。 Kang Yicheng rebelled against Mindi, so his crime should have been recorded as execution. But Feidi and Yicheng were partners in evil who killed each other, so the text says “killed.”

「御署官」，疑是廢帝初舉兵時所置之官，以其非吏部正授，故須有旨方得選。 The “yushu officials” were probably offices created when Feidi first raised troops. Since they were not regular Ministry of Personnel appointments, they required an imperial order before they could be selected.

己丑，追尊魯國太夫人魏氏為皇太后。 On jichou the court posthumously raised Congke’s mother, Grand Lady Wei of Lu, to empress dowager.

戊申，如河陽。 On wushen the Deposed Emperor moved to Heyang.

重誨區區獨見潞王之禍，而謀之不臧，至於殞身赤族，其隙自茲。 Chonghui alone, in his narrow wisdom, foresaw the Prince of Lu's doom, yet schemed badly and ended with his own death and his clan wiped out—the breach began here.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 8Volume 8 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu · 7 passages

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潞王從珂反於鳳翔，愍帝出奔，遇敬瑭于道，敬瑭殺帝從者百餘人，幽帝于衞州而去。 When Prince Congke of Lu rebelled at Fengxiang, Mindi fled. Jingtang met him on the road, killed more than a hundred of his attendants, confined him at Weizhou, and departed.

廢帝即位，疑敬瑭必反。 After the Deposed Emperor took the throne, he suspected that Jingtang was certain to rebel.

乃上表論廢帝不當立，請立許王從益為明宗嗣。 He memorialized that Congke had usurped the throne and urged enthroning Prince of Xu Congyi as Mingzong’s heir.

廢帝下詔削奪敬瑭官爵，命張敬達等討之，敬瑭求援於契丹。 Congke stripped his titles and sent Zhang Jingda against him. Jingtang turned to the Khitan.

追降王從珂為庶人。 Congke was stripped to commoner rank in absentia.

是日廢帝猶在。 The Deposed Emperor was still alive that day.

「王從珂」，從晉人本語。 The phrase "Wang Congke" follows the wording used by the Jin people themselves.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu, Emperor Yin · 2 passages

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潞王從珂反，愍帝出奔，高祖自鎮州朝京師，遇愍帝于衞州，止傳舍，知遠遣勇士石敢袖鐵槌侍高祖以虞變。 When Prince Congke of Lu rebelled and Mindi fled, Gaozu came from Zhenzhou toward the capital and met Mindi at Weizhou, where they stopped at the courier lodge. Zhiyuan sent the warrior Shi Gan to wait on Gaozu with an iron mallet hidden in his sleeve in case matters turned dangerous.

廢帝入立，高祖復鎮河東，已而有隙，高祖將舉兵，知遠與桑維翰密為高祖謀畫，贊成之。 After the Deposed Emperor took the throne, Gaozu returned to Hedong. A rift soon opened; when Gaozu prepared to raise troops, Zhiyuan and Sang Weihan secretly planned for him and helped make the revolt happen.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 15Volume 15: Mingzong of Later Tang's Family · 8 passages

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明宗三后一妃：和武憲皇后曹氏生晉國公主；昭懿皇后夏氏生秦王從榮、湣帝；宣憲皇后魏氏，潞王從珂母也；淑妃王氏，許王從益之慈母也。 Mingzong had three empresses and one consort: Empress Hewuxian, Lady Cao, bore the Jin State Princess; Empress Zhaoyi, Lady Xia, bore Congrong, Prince of Qin, and the Last Emperor; Empress Xuanxian, Lady Wei, was mother of Congke, Prince of Lu; Chaste Consort Lady Wang was foster mother to Congyi, Xu Wang.

其子是為潞王從珂。 Her son was Congke, Prince of Lu.

明宗時，從珂已王，乃追封魏氏為魯國夫人。 Once Congke was already a prince under Mingzong, Lady Wei was posthumously enfeoffed Lady of Lu.

廢帝即位，追尊魏氏為皇太后，議建陵寢，而太原石敬瑭反，乃於京師河南府東立寢宮。 The Deposed Emperor posthumously honored her as empress dowager and planned a mausoleum, but when Shi Jingtang rebelled at Taiyuan they built a resting palace east of Henan in the capital.

廢帝入立，嘗置酒妃院，妃舉酒曰：「願辭皇帝為比丘尼。」 When the Deposed Emperor seized the throne, he once feasted in the consort’s quarters; she lifted her cup and said: “I beg to leave the emperor’s household and take the tonsure.”

廢帝亦為之淒然，待之頗厚。 The Deposed Emperor was stricken too and treated her with new warmth.

石敬瑭兵犯京師，廢帝聚族將自焚。 When Shi Jingtang’s army closed on the capital, the Deposed Emperor gathered his kin to die by fire.

廢帝入立，后及四子皆見殺。 When the Deposed Emperor seized the throne, the empress and all four sons were put to death.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 16Volume 16: Family of the Tang Deposed Emperor · 17 passages

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廢帝皇后劉氏 Empress Liu, wife of the deposed Later Tang emperor.

廢帝皇后劉氏，父茂威，應州渾元人也。 Empress Liu, wife of the deposed emperor, was the daughter of Maowei of Hunyuan in Ying Prefecture.

后為人彊悍，廢帝素憚之。 She was fierce and domineering by nature, and the deposed emperor had always been afraid of her.

初封沛國夫人，廢帝即位，立為皇后。 She was first created Lady of Pei; when the deposed emperor acceded, she was enthroned as empress.

其弟延皓，少事廢帝為牙將，廢帝即位，拜宮苑使、宣徽南院使。 Her brother Yanhao had served the deposed emperor as a guards officer in his youth; on his accession Yanhao was made commissioner of the palace parks and of the southern court of the Bureau of Palace Attendants.

廢帝以令昭為右千牛衞將軍，權知天雄軍府事。 The deposed emperor appointed Lingzhao general of the Right Thousand-Bull Guards and acting administrator of the Tianxiong headquarters.

有司請以延皓行軍法，廢帝以后故，削其官爵而已。 Officials asked that Yanhao be punished under military law, but because of the empress the deposed emperor only removed his offices and titles.

廢帝二子 The deposed emperor’s two sons.

廢帝二子，曰重吉、重美，一女為尼，號幼澄，皆不知其所生。 His sons bore the names Chongji and Chongmei; a daughter took vows as a nun under the sobriquet Youcheng. History does not record who bore any of them.

廢帝鎮鳳翔，重吉為控鶴指揮使，與尼俱留京師。 While the deposed emperor governed Fengxiang, Chongji served as commander of the Crane-Controlled Guard and stayed in the capital with the nun.

愍帝即位，不欲重吉掌親兵，乃出重吉為亳州團練使，居幼澄於禁中，又徙廢帝北京。 When the Min emperor acceded, unwilling to let Chongji command the personal guard, he posted Chongji to Bozhou as regimental commissioner, kept Youcheng in the inner palace, and transferred the deposed emperor to the northern capital.

廢帝自疑，乃反。 The deposed emperor grew suspicious and rose in revolt.

廢帝即位，自左衞上將軍領成德軍節度使、兼河南尹、判六軍諸衞事，改領天雄軍節度使、同中書門下平章事，封雍王。 When the deposed emperor acceded, Chongmei advanced from general of the Left Guard to military governor of the Chengde Army, concurrently grand guardian of Henan and overseer of the Six Armies and all guards; he was then transferred to military governor of the Tianxiong Army, made grand councilor, and enfeoffed as Prince of Yong.

石敬瑭反，廢帝欲北征，重美謂宜持重，固請毋行。 When Shi Jingtang rebelled, the deposed emperor wanted to march north; Chongmei urged caution and firmly pleaded that he not go.

廢帝心憚敬瑭，初不欲往，聞重美言，以為然，而劉延皓與劉延朗等迫之不已，廢帝遂如河陽，留重美守京師。 The deposed emperor feared Jingtang and at first did not want to march; hearing Chongmei, he agreed, but Liu Yanhao, Liu Yanlang, and others kept pressing him, so he proceeded to Heyang and left Chongmei to hold the capital.

廢帝自焚，后及重美與俱死。 The deposed emperor set himself afire; the empress and Chongmei perished with him.

唐太祖、莊宗為一家，明宗、湣帝為一家，廢帝為一家； Later Tang thus falls into three bloodlines: Taizu and Zhuangzong; Mingzong and the short-reigned Min emperor; and the deposed emperor alone.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17: The Later Jin Imperial Family · 1 passage

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出帝以狀答曰：「頃潞王從珂自焚於洛陽，玉璽不知所在，疑已焚之。 The Fleeing Emperor answered: “When Prince of Lu Congke burned himself at Luoyang, the jade seal vanished—it was likely destroyed in the fire.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 27Volume 27 Later Tang Biographies 7: Zhu Hongzhao, Liu Yanlang, Kang Sili, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou · 20 passages

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明年正月，漢瓊請入朝，弘昭、赟乃議徙成德範延光代漢瓊，北京留守石敬瑭代延光，鳳翔潞王從珂代敬瑭。 The next year’s first month, Hanqiong sought audience. Hongzhao and Yun proposed shifting Fan Yanguang from Chengde into Hanqiong’s post, Shi Jingtang from the northern capital into Fan’s, and the Prince of Lu Congke from Fengxiang into Jingtang’s.

三人者皆唐大臣，以漢瓊故，輕易其地，又不降制書，第遣使者監其上道，從珂由此遂反。 All three were senior Tang ministers. For Hanqiong’s sake their commands were swapped casually, without formal edicts—only escorts hurried them on the road. Congke rebelled because of it.

從珂兵已東，湣帝大懼，遣人召弘昭計事。 Congke’s host was eastward bound. Emperor Min, terrified, sent for Hongzhao.

初，廢帝起於鳳翔，與共事者五人：節度判官韓昭胤，掌書記李專美，牙將宋審虔，客將房暠，而延朗為孔目官。 When the Deposed Emperor first rose at Fengxiang, five men shared his cause: Han Zhaoyin as military aide, Li Zhuanmei as chief clerk, Song Shenqian as guard officer, Fang Hao as guest officer, and Yanlang as records clerk.

初，湣帝即位，徙廢帝為北京留守，不降制書，遣供奉官趙處愿促帝上道。 When Emperor Min took the throne, he made the Deposed Emperor Defender of the Northern Capital without a formal edict and sent palace attendant Zhao Chuyuan to hurry him on his way.

王思同率諸鎮兵圍鳳翔，廢帝懼，又遣暠問神，神曰：「王兵少，東兵來，所以迎王也。」 Wang Sitong besieged Fengxiang with provincial troops. The Deposed Emperor, afraid, again consulted the god through Hao, who answered: “Your troops are few—the eastern army comes to welcome you.”

當晉之將起，廢帝以昭胤為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事，出為河陽節度使，與審虔、文遇皆不知其所終。 As Jin rose, the Deposed Emperor made Zhaoyin Vice Grand Councillor and sent him to govern Heyang. He, Shenqian, and Wenyu vanish from the record.

廢帝之起，所與圖議者，此五六人而已。 When the Deposed Emperor came to power, only these five or six men shaped the plot.

潞王從珂反於鳳翔，湣帝遣王思同等討之，思立有捧聖、羽林屯兵千五百人，乃以羽林千人屬思同。 When the Prince of Lu Congke rebelled at Fengxiang, Emperor Min sent Wang Sitong against him. Sili had fifteen hundred Sacred Support and Feathered Forest troops and lent Sitong a thousand of the Feathered Forest.

思同至鳳翔，軍叛，降於從珂。 Sitong reached Fengxiang; his army mutinied and went over to Congke.

思立聞之，欲盡誅羽林千人家屬，未及，而從珂兵已至，思立乃以捧聖兵城守，從珂兵傅其城，呼曰：「西兵七萬策新天子，爾五百人其能拒邪？ Sili meant to slaughter the families of the thousand mutineers, but Congke’s host was already there. He held the walls with the Sacred Support. Congke’s men shouted: “Seventy thousand western troops have raised a new emperor—can five hundred of you stand against them?

捧聖兵聞之，皆解甲，思立遂開門迎從珂。 The Sacred Support heard and threw down their arms. Sili opened the gates and welcomed Congke in.

廢帝即位，以思立初無降意，頗不悅之，徙安遠，又徙安國，以年老罷為右神武統軍。 The Deposed Emperor resented Sili’s first refusal to yield and moved him to Anyuan, then Anguo, then retired him as Senior Commander of the Right Divine Martial Guard.

石敬瑭反太原，廢帝以思立為北面行營馬軍都指揮使。 When Shi Jingtang rebelled at Taiyuan, the Deposed Emperor made Sili commander of the northern campaign’s cavalry.

廢帝幸懷州，遣思立將從駕騎兵出團柏谷救張敬達，未至，而敬達死，楊光遠降晉，思立疾，卒於道。 The emperor marched to Huaizhou and sent Sili with the imperial escort through Tuanbai Valley to relieve Zhang Jingda. Jingda died first; Yang Guangyuan surrendered to Jin. Sili fell ill and died on the march.

潞王從珂反鳳翔，王思同率諸鎮兵圍之，興元張虔釗兵叛降從珂，思同走，諸鎮兵皆潰。 Congke rebelled at Fengxiang. Wang Sitong besieged him with allied hosts. Zhang Qianzhao of Xingyuan defected; Sitong fled and the coalition broke.

義誠行至新安，降於從珂。 Yicheng reached Xin’an and surrendered to Congke.

安重誨矯詔遣河中指揮使楊彥溫逐其節度使潞王從珂。 An Chonghui forged an edict and sent Yang Yanwen, a Hezhong commander, to expel the Prince of Lu Congke from his command.

潞王從珂反，彥稠為招討副使。 When Congke rebelled, Yanchou was deputy pacification commissioner.

王思同兵潰，彥稠與思同俱東走，為潞王兵所得，囚之華州獄，已而殺之。 Sitong’s army broke; Yanchou fled east with him, was caught, jailed at Hua, and killed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 33Volume 33 Biographies of Martyrs to Service 13: Zhang Yuande, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Wang Sitong, Zhang Jingda, Di Jinzong, Shen Bin, Wang Qing, Shi Yanchao, Sun Cheng · 12 passages

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應順元年二月，潞王從珂反鳳翔，馳檄四鄰，言奸臣幸先帝疾病，賊殺秦王而立幼嗣，侵弱宗室，動搖藩方，陳己所以興兵討亂之狀。 In Yingshun’s first year, second month, Prince of Lu Congke rebelled at Fengxiang and circulated proclamations accusing treacherous ministers of murdering the Prince of Qin during the late emperor’s illness, enthroning a child, weakening the clan, and shaking the realm—and stating why he had taken arms.

是時，諸鎮皆懷向背，所得潞王書檄，雖以上聞，而不絕其使。 Every command wavered; they reported Congke’s letters to court yet kept his envoys coming.

獨思同執十十及從珂所使推官郝詡等送京師。 Only Sitong seized Shishi and Congke’s staff officer Hao Xu and sent them to the capital.

從珂兵弱而守甚堅，外兵傷死者眾，從珂登城呼外兵而泣曰：「吾從先帝二十年，大小數百戰，甲不解體，金瘡滿身，士卒固嘗從我矣。 Congke was weak but held firm; besiegers died in droves; he mounted the wall weeping: “Twenty years I followed the late emperor, hundreds of battles, armor never off, scars over my body—you marched with me!

羽林指揮使楊思權呼曰：「潞王，吾主也！」 Yulin commander Yang Siquan shouted, “The Prince of Lu is our lord!"

乃引軍自西門入降從珂。 He led his men through the west gate to surrender to Congke.

從珂引兵東，至昭應，前鋒追執思同。 Congke marched east; at Zhaoying his vanguard captured Sitong.

從珂責曰：「罪可逃乎？」 Congke reproached him: “Did you think your crime could escape?"

從珂愧其言，乃殺之。 Congke was shamed by his words and had him killed.

清泰二年，契丹數犯邊，廢帝以河東節度使石敬瑭兼大同、彰國、振武、威塞等軍蕃漢馬步軍都總管，屯於忻州，屯兵聚噪遮敬瑭呼「萬歲」，敬瑭斬三十餘人以止之。 In Qingtai’s second year Khitan raids multiplied; the Deposed Emperor made Shi Jingtang overall commander of the northern armies at Xinzhou; his troops mutinied, blocked him, and shouted “Long live!”; he beheaded thirty men to quell them.

廢帝疑敬瑭有異志，乃以敬達為北面副總管，以分其兵。 The Deposed Emperor suspected Jingtang and made Jingda deputy northern commander to split his force.

廢帝遣趙延壽、範延光等救之。 The Deposed Emperor sent Zhao Yanshou, Fan Yanguang, and others to relieve him.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies of Righteous Sons 16: Li Sizhao, Li Siben, Li Si'en, Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 1 passage

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潞王從珂以鳳翔反，漢韶與張虔釗會唐軍討之，唐軍皆降於從珂，獨漢韶與虔釗軍不降，俱奔於蜀。 When Prince of Lu Congke rose at Fengxiang, Han Shao and Zhang Qianzhao marched with Tang to crush him; every Tang army turned to Congke—only theirs held out, then both fled to Shu.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 38Volume 38 Biographies 18: Zhang Chengye, Zhang Juhan · 1 passage

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後湣帝奔於衛州，漢瓊西迎廢帝於路，廢帝惡而殺之。 Later, when Emperor Min fled to Weizhou, Hanqiong went west to meet the deposed emperor on the road; the deposed emperor despised him and had him killed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Miscellaneous Biographies 30: Wang Jun, Wang Yin, Liu Ci, Wang Huan, Zhe Congruan · 2 passages

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唐廢帝時，從範延光討張令昭於魏，以功拜祁州刺史。 Under the Deposed Emperor he followed Fan Yanguang against Zhang Lingzhao at Wei and was made prefect of Qi.

廢帝時，詔諸州鎮選驍勇者充禁軍，詞得選為禁軍校。 The Deposed Emperor ordered circuits to pick the fierce for the Palace Guard; Ci was chosen.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 73Volume 73: Appendix on the Four Barbarians 2: Khitan 2 · 1 passage

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契丹兵助晉于太原，唐廢帝遣宦者秦繼旻、皇城使李彥紳殺突欲于其第。 While Khitan forces were aiding Jin at Taiyuan, the deposed Tang emperor sent the eunuch Qin Jimin and Imperial City commissioner Li Yanshen to kill Tuyu in his mansion.