Meng Ke (孟軻) | 24 Histories

Overview

Meng Ke was a Philosopher and Teacher.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Mencius	孟子	Mengzi
Temple name	Second Sage	亞聖

Life and dates

Attested activity

legendary antiquity
Directly stated · History of Yuan 171, passage 115
c. BC 372 to c. BC 289 classical exemplum
Strongly inferred · Book of Southern Qi 55, passage 6
BC 372 to BC 289 古之知義者莫如孔、孟
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 108
BC 372 to BC 289 威、宣之際
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 121, passage 15
BC 372 to BC 289 孔、孟
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 168
BC 372 孔墨荀孟
Directly stated · Book of Zhou 46, passage 15

Show 30 more source-backed claims

BC 372 to BC 289 孟
Strongly inferred · History of the Northern Dynasties 84, passage 12
BC 300 孟
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 47, passage 82
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子 (Warring States life of Mencius)
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 284, passage 145
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子 (Warring States philosopher alluded to)
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 21, passage 2
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子 / 亞聖
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 284, passage 185
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子 Warring States activity
Strongly inferred · History of Song 430, passage 249
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 44, passage 24; History of Song 436, passage 206
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子
Directly stated · History of Liao 105, passage 170
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子（鄒國公）
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 35, passages 249-250
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子之世
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 75, passage 104
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子之世
Directly stated · Book of Liang 43, passage 156
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子亦憂於言責
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 47, passage 145
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子亦非
Directly stated · Book of Han 27, passage 389
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子曰
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 184; History of Liao 60, passage 78
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子曰
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 130, passage 184
BC 372 to BC 289 孟子言
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 20, passage 9
BC 340 to BC 310 孟軻，騶人也。
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passages 6, 14
BC 372 to BC 289 孟軻
Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 36, passage 109; History of Song 357, passage 206
BC 372 to BC 289 孟軻
Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 38, passage 233; Book of Later Han 75, passages 196-197
BC 340 to BC 310 孟軻
Directly stated · Book of Later Han 33, passage 233
BC 372 to BC 289 孟軻所恥
Strongly inferred · Book of Song 73, passage 269
BC 372 to BC 289 孟軻有言
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 8, passage 239
BC 340 to BC 290 孟軻有言曰
Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 92, passage 367
BC 314 孟軻謂齊王
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 34, passage 118
BC 372 to BC 289 孟軻館齊
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 194, passage 210
BC 372 to BC 289 孟轲养浩然之气
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 117, passage 247
BC 300 往者周罔解結…戰國
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 99, passages 61, 63
BC 320 戰國
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 270, passage 40
BC 319 to BC 301 游事齊宣王
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 8
BC 370 to BC 319 適梁，梁惠王
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 9

Family

Ancestor of Meng Siliao (孟思諒)
Mencius 孟子 · paternal line · 54 generations
Directly stated · History of Ming 284, passage 186
Ancestor of Meng Xiwen (孟希文)
Second Sage ancestor 亞聖 · paternal line · 56 generations
Directly stated · History of Ming 284, passage 185

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Polity Liang 梁 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 9
Polity Qi 齊 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 8
Polity Warring States 戰國 · Relation Lived under
Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 75, passage 197
Polity Zhou 周 · Relation Lived under
Strongly inferred · History of Song 436, passage 206
Polity Zou 鄒 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 47, passage 145
At Zou 騶
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 6

Show 2 more source-backed claims

At Qi 齊 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 210
At Zou 鄒 · Relation Sacrificed at
Directly stated · History of Song 357, passage 206

Learning and skills

received instruction from a disciple of Zi Si 受業子思之門人
Relation Student of disciple of · Person Kong Ji (孔伋)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 7
Belief flood-like qi / Mencian moral cultivation 浩然之气 · Relation Practitioner of
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 247

Works and attributed material

Mengzi 孟子
Relation Author · Detail seven chapters 七篇
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 14
Odes and Documents 詩書
Relation Arranged
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 14
books of Mencius 孟書
Relation Author
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 170
Mencius 孟子
Relation Author
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 113, passages 31-32
saying on bending a cubit to straighten eight cubits 枉尺直尋
Relation Author
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passage 104
Quotation · Attributed speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0184 · Mode quotation Speaker Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 184

Show 16 more source-backed claims

Saying · Author · Direct quotation · Extent s0233 · Mode quotation Speaker Zhi Yun (惲)
Directly stated · Book of Later Han 33, passage 233
Exposition · Author · Subject the meaning of Confucius 仲尼之意
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 14
Quotation · Speaker · Mode historian-citation
Directly stated · Book of Liang 43, passage 156
Quotation · Speaker · Mode named-source-report Speaker Meng Ke (孟軻)
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 78
Quotation · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Meng Ke (孟軻)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 113, passage 32
Quotation · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 113, passage 31
Quotation · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 130, passage 184
Quotation · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Later Han 38, passage 233; History of Liao 105, passage 170
Saying · Author · Direct quotation · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Meng Ke (孟軻) Speaker Yao Cha (姚察)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 8, passage 239
Saying · Author · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Source Person Id Meng Ke (孟軻) Speaker Zhong Jun (終軍)
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passage 104
Saying · Speaker
Directly stated · Book of Later Han 92, passage 367
Speech · Speaker · With King Min of Qi (齊湣王) · Mode named-speech Speaker Meng Ke (孟軻)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 34, passage 118
Speech · Speaker · With King Hui of Liang (梁惠王) · Subject cited the Great King's departure from Bin 稱大王去邠
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 42
Speech · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Han 27, passage 389
Heaven is so high and the stars so distant that, if you truly seek their principles, you can sit where you are and calculate the solstice a thousand years from now.
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 44, passage 24
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 20, passages 9-10

Events and relationships

Advised
Political · Visitor · With King Hui of Liang (梁惠王) · At Liang 梁 · Outcome Words not adopted
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 9
Carried forward and refined Confucian legacy
Scholarly · Transmitter
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 121, passage 15
Condemned rulers who failed to collect stores or open granaries
Scholarly · Critic
Directly stated · Book of Han 27, passage 389
Enlarged the correct Way to encourage contemporaries
Scholarly · Teacher
Directly stated · History of the Northern Dynasties 84, passage 12
Expounded virtues of Tang, Yu, and the Three Dynasties
Scholarly · Teacher
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 13
Lodged in Qi follower stole shoes
Personal · Host
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 210

Show 11 more source-backed claims

Nurtured the flood like qi
Scholarly · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 247
Served
Political · Visitor · With King Xuan of Qi (齊宣王) · At Qi 齊 · Outcome Not employed
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 8
Suffered hardship
Hardship · Subject · At Qi and Liang 齊梁
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 39
To be sacrificed to at Zou
AD 1100 to AD 1126 徽宗朝 · Ritual · Cult recipient
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 357, passage 206
Worried about responsibility of speech
Intellectual · Teacher · Mode allusion Speaker Lu Wenji (盧文紀)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 47, passage 145
Relation Follower of · Person Confucius (孔子)
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passages 39, 249
Relation Intellectual heir of · Person Confucius (孔子)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 121, passage 15
Relation Collaborator with · Person Wan Zhang (萬章)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 14
Relation Teacher of · Person Wan Zhang (萬章)
Strongly inferred · History of Song 357, passage 206
Relation Teacher of · Person Yuezheng Ke (樂正克)
Strongly inferred · History of Song 357, passage 206
Relation Teacher of · Person Gongsun Chou (公孫醜)
Strongly inferred · History of Song 357, passage 206

Assessments and attributes

Assessment did not merely flatter the world to fit in · Mode historian-judgment Speaker Sima Qian (司馬遷)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 74, passage 43
Assessment joy of Confucius and Mencius held as learning goal · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Chen Chun (陳淳)
Directly stated · History of Song 430, passage 249
Assessment those who rise at cockcrow to labor in goodness are followers of Shun · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Meng Ke (孟軻) Speaker Yao Cha (姚察)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 8, passage 239

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Book of Han 27, passage 389; Book of Han 75, passage 104; Book of Later Han 33, passage 233; Book of Later Han 92, passage 367; Old Book of Tang 126, passage 184; Old History of the Five Dynasties 47, passage 145; History of Liao 44, passage 24; History of Liao 60, passage 78; History of Ming 284, passage 185; History of Song 430, passage 249; History of Song 436, passage 206
Value historical
Directly stated · History of Song 357, passage 206

References in the histories

Search passages

History

53 passages

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies 28: Xing Shao · 1 passage

Open chapter

及明崔甗之謗言，執侯景之奸使，昔人稱孟軻為勇，于文簡公見之。 When he exposed Cui Yan's slander and seized Hou Jing's treacherous envoy, one can see in Duke Wenjian the courage that earlier men praised in Meng Ke.

History of the Northern Dynasties, Chapter 84Volume 84 Biographies 72: Filial Acts · 1 passage

Open chapter

孔、墨、荀、孟稟聖賢之資，弘正道以勵其俗。 Confucius, Mozi, Xunzi, and Mencius were endowed with the gifts of sages and worthies and championed the true Way to stir their contemporaries toward better conduct.

Book of Han, Chapter 27Volume 24b: Treatise on Trade 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

贊曰：《易》稱「裒多益寡，稱物平施」，《書》云「楙遷有無」，周有泉府之官，而孟子亦非「狗彘食人之食不知斂，野有餓驿而弗知發」。 The appraisal says: The Changes says, "Reduce excess and increase deficiency; weigh things and distribute fairly." The Documents says, "Diligently transfer what is lacking and what is abundant." Zhou had the Office of the Treasury, and Mencius likewise condemned a ruler who let dogs and swine eat people's food without collecting stores, and let starving corpses lie in the wild without opening the granaries.

Book of Han, Chapter 75Volume 64b: Yan, Zhu, Wuqiu, Zhufu, Xu, Yan, Zhong, Wang, and Jia 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

『枉尺直尋』，孟子稱其不可； Mencius rejected the notion of bending a cubit to gain eight cubits;

Book of Han, Chapter 99Volume 87b: Yang Xiong 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

是故騶衍以頡亢而取世資，孟軻雖連蹇，猶為萬乘師。 Zou Yan won the age’s ear with lofty paradox; Mencius, for all his ill luck, still lectured kings who commanded ten thousand chariots.

Book of Han, Chapter 117Volume 100a: Afterword and Family History 1 · 1 passage

Open chapter

是故仲尼抗浮雲之志，孟軻養浩然之氣，彼豈樂為迂闊哉？ So Confucius fixed his mind above the clouds and Mencius fed the flood-like breath—were they merely eccentric?

Book of Later Han, Chapter 33Volume 29: Biographies of Shentu Gang; Bao Yong; Zhi Yun · 1 passage

Open chapter

惲曰：『孟軻以強其君之所不能為忠，量其君之所不能為賊。 Yun quoted Mencius: "To urge on your lord past his strength is loyalty; to demand what he cannot give is harm.

Book of Later Han, Chapter 38Volume 33: Biographies of Zhu, Feng, Yu, Zheng, Zhou · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟軻有言曰：『有伊尹之心則可，無伊尹之心則篡矣。』 Mencius said, 'With Yi Yin's intent it is permissible; without it, it is usurpation.'

Book of Later Han, Chapter 75Volume 68: Biographies of Guo, Fu, Xu · 2 passages

Open chapter

恂恂善導，使士慕成名，雖墨、孟之徒，不能絕也。 Guiding disciples with gentle persistence until they hungered for renown—even Mozi and Mencius could scarcely have surpassed that gift.

〈墨翟、孟軻也。〈(The text means Mozi and Mencius—

Book of Later Han, Chapter 92Volume 82a: Biographies of Alchemists 1 · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟軻有言曰：「以夏變夷，不聞變夷於夏。」 Mencius said, 'Use civilization to transform barbarism, not the reverse.'

History of Jin, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 16: Rites 8: Consecration of Shrines to a Sages; Temple to the Warrior King Cheng of Zhou; Monarchs of Past Ages; Halls to Various Spirits in Changbai Shan, Dafang Shan, Amur River, Jia Yin Hou; Spirits of the Lu River; Spirits of Zhao Yin Shun; Spirits of Zhen an Gong, Rui Shen Gongl; Worshipping, Sacrifices, Vists, and State Ceremonies at Zhen Xian Jun Wang Temple · 5 passages

Open chapter

兼兗國公親承聖教者也，鄒國公功扶聖教者也，當于宣聖像左右列之。 Moreover, the Lord of Yan personally received the sage's teaching, and the Lord of Zou by merit supported the sage's teaching—they should be set to the left and right of the image of the Sagely Proclaimed One.

今孟子以燕服在後堂，宣聖像側還虛一位，禮宜遷孟子像于宣聖右，與顏子相對，改塑冠冕，妝飾法服，一遵舊制。」 Now Mencius, in everyday dress, is in the rear hall; beside the image of the Sagely Proclaimed One one place still stands empty; by ritual Mencius's image ought to be moved to the right of the Sagely Proclaimed One, facing Yanzi across from him, with crowns and caps remolded and ritual robes adorned, all following the old regulations."

禮官參酌唐《開元禮》，定擬釋奠儀數：文宣王、兗國公、鄒國公每位籩豆各十、犧尊一、象尊一、簠簋各二、俎二、祝板各一、皆設案。 Drawing on the Tang dynasty's Kaiyuan Rites, the ritual officers laid down the prescribed offerings for the Confucian libation: Confucius as Cultured Sagely King, Yan Hui as Lord of Yan, and Mencius as Lord of Zou each received ten bian and ten dou vessels, one sacrificial wine vessel, one elephant-decorated vessel, two fu and gui grain stands, two meat boards, and one prayer tablet apiece, all arranged on dedicated tables.

鄒國公酌獻，姑洗宮《泰甯之曲》，辭曰：「有周之衰，王綱既墜。 For the Lord of Zou's offering pour, the "Song of Great Peace" in the Guxian mode was sung; its words run: "When Zhou declined, the royal order had already collapsed.

宣宗遷汴，建廟會朝門內，歲祀如儀，宣聖、顏、孟各羊一、豕一，餘同小祀，共用羊八，無豕。 When Emperor Xuanzong moved the capital to Bian, a temple was built inside the Gate of Assembly, and annual sacrifices followed the established regulations. Confucius, Yan Hui, and Mencius each received one sheep and one pig; the remainder followed the minor sacrifice format, eight sheep in all and no pigs.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 130Volume 126 Biographies 76: Li Kui, Li Han, Chen Shaoyou, Lu Yue, Pei Xu · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子曰：理國者，仁義而已，何以利為？ Mencius said that to govern a state is nothing but benevolence and righteousness—why speak of profit?

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 47Volume 47 Book of Later Tang 23: Later Emperors Annals 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

韓非昔懼於說難，孟子亦憂於言責。 Han Fei once feared the difficulty of persuasion; Mencius also worried about the responsibility of speech.

Book of Liang, Chapter 8Volume 8: Crown Prince Zhaoming; Crown Prince Ai; Crown Prince Minhuai · 1 passage

Open chapter

陳吏部尚書姚察曰：孟軻有言：「雞鳴而起，孳孳爲善者，舜之徒也。」 Yao Cha, Chen Minister of Personnel, said: Mencius says, "Rising at cockcrow to labor in goodness—these are followers of Shun."

Book of Liang, Chapter 43Volume 43: Wei Can; Jiang Ziyi; Jiang Zisi; Jiang Ziwu; Zhang Sheng; Shen Jun; Liu Jingli · 1 passage

Open chapter

故孟子稱生者我所欲，義亦我所欲，二事必不可兼得，寧捨生而取義。 Thus Mencius said life is what I desire and righteousness is also what I desire; the two cannot be grasped together—I would rather relinquish life and take righteousness.

History of Liao, Chapter 44Volume 44 Treatises 14: Celestial Phenomena 3 · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子有言：「天之高也，星辰之遠也，茍求其故，千歲之日至可坐而致。」 Mencius said: "Heaven is so high and the stars so distant that, if you truly seek their principles, you can sit where you are and calculate the solstice a thousand years from now."

History of Liao, Chapter 60Volume 60 Treatises 30: Finance and Economics 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子曰：「周於利者，凶年不能殺。」 Mencius said, "One who is thorough in profit cannot be destroyed even in years of famine."

History of Liao, Chapter 105Volume 105 Biographies 35: Capable Officials · 1 passage

Open chapter

論曰：孟子謂「民為貴，社稷次之」，司牧者當如何以盡心。 The commentary says: Mencius declared that "the people are precious, the altars of soil and grain come next"—how ought those who govern the people give their utmost devotion?

History of Ming, Chapter 284Volume 284 Biographies 172: Confucian Scholars 3 · 3 passages

Open chapter

景泰三年詔以顏、孟子孫長而賢者各一人，至京官之。 In Jingtai 3 an edict called for one eldest worthy descendant each of the Yan and Meng lines to come to the capital for appointment.

孟希文，字士煥，亞聖五十六代孫也。 Meng Xiwen, styled Shihuan, was a fifty-sixth-generation descendant of Mencius, the Second Sage.

洪武元年詔以孟子五十四代孫思諒奉祀，世復其家。 In Hongwu 1 an edict appointed Siliao, fifty-fourth in descent from Mencius, to perform sacrifices and restored his household by hereditary grant.

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 47Volume 47 Biographies 28: Wang Rong, Xie Tiao · 1 passage

Open chapter

竊習戰陣攻守之術，農桑牧藝之書，申、商、韓、墨之權，伊、周、孔、孟之道。 I have studied the arts of attack and defense, books of farming and herding, the stratagems of Shen Buhai, Shang Yang, Han Fei, and Mozi, and the Ways of Yi Yin, the Duke of Zhou, Confucius, and Mencius.

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 55Volume 55 Biographies 36: Filial Piety · 1 passage

Open chapter

夫色養盡力，行義致身，甘心壟畝，不求聞達，斯即孟氏三樂之辭，仲由負米之歎也。 To serve one's parents with a joyful face and every ounce of strength, to live by righteousness even at risk to oneself, and to be content tilling the soil without seeking renown—this is the joy Mencius praised and the devotion Zhong You expressed when he carried rice for his parents.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 113Volume 113 Treatises 88: Selection and Examinations 8, Xin Xuan Ju · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子云：『所欲與聚，所惡勿施。』 Mencius said: "Give the people what they desire; do not visit on them what they hate."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 270Volume 270 Biographies 57: Hao Yu, Yang Suyun, Guo Xiu · 1 passage

Open chapter

浴至戍所，益潛心義理之學，嗜孟子及二程遺書，以「致知格物」顏其廬，刻苦厲志。 At his place of exile he threw himself into moral philosophy, devouring Mencius and the Cheng brothers, naming his lodge "Investigate Things, Extend Knowledge," and living with austere purpose.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 293Volume 293 Biographies 80: Li Fu, Cai Ting, Xie Jishi, Chen Xuehai · 2 passages

Open chapter

對曰：「孔、孟。」 He answered, "Confucius and Mencius."

曰：「讀孔、孟書，當忠諫。 He said, "Reading the books of Confucius and Mencius, one ought to remonstrate loyally.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 34House of Yan Shaogong · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟軻謂齊王曰：「今伐燕，此文、武之時，不可失也。」 Meng Ke said to the King of Qi: "Now to attack Yan—this is the time of King Wen and King Wu. We must not miss this opportunity."

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 74Biographies of Mengzi and Xun Qing · 8 passages

Open chapter

太史公曰：余讀孟子書，至梁惠王問「何以利吾國」，未嘗不廢書而嘆也。 The Grand Historian remarks: I read the Book of Mengzi, and when I came to King Hui of Liang's question, 'By what means may my state be benefited?' I could never help but set down the book and sigh.

孟軻，騶人也。 Meng Ke was a man of Zou.

天下方務於合從連衡，以攻伐為賢，而孟軻乃述唐、虞、三代之德，是以所如者不合。 The world was just striving for vertical alliances and horizontal connections, considering conquest and invasion worthy pursuits, while Meng Ke expounded the virtues of Tang, Yu, and the Three Dynasties. This is why wherever he went, he did not find agreement.

其前騶忌，以鼓琴干威王，因及國政，封為成侯而受相印，先孟子。 The earlier one was Zou Ji, who sought audience with King Wei by playing the qin, thereby reaching state affairs, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Cheng and received the chancellor's seal, before Mengzi.

其次騶衍，後孟子。 The next was Zou Yan, who came after Mengzi.

其游諸侯見尊禮如此，豈與仲尼菜色陳蔡，孟軻困於齊梁同乎哉！ Such were his travels among the feudal lords and the honors he received. How could this be compared with Confucius wasting away in Chen and Cai, or Meng Ke suffering hardship in Qi and Liang?

梁惠王謀欲攻趙，孟軻稱大王去邠。 When King Hui of Liang planned to attack Zhao, Meng Ke cited the Great King’s departure from Bin.

自如孟子至于吁子，世多有其書，故不論其傳云。 From Mencius down to Xu Zi, many of their books circulate in the world, so I will not set out their biographies.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 121Biographies of Confucian Scholars · 1 passage

Open chapter

於威、宣之際，孟子、荀卿之列，咸遵夫子之業而潤色之，以學顯於當世。 During the reigns of Kings Wei and Xuan of Qi, scholars of the caliber of Mencius and Xunzi carried forward the Master's legacy and refined it, achieving renown in their own day through their scholarship.

History of Song, Chapter 357Volume 357 Biographies 116: He Guan, Li Xijing, Wang Yun, Tan Shiji, Mei Zhili, Cheng Zhen, Liu Yanqing · 1 passage

Open chapter

請立廟于鄒祀孟軻，以公孫醜、萬章、樂正克等配食，從之。 He petitioned to establish a temple at Zou to sacrifice to Mencius, with Gongsun Chou, Wan Zhang, Yuezheng Ke, and others as companion spirits at the altar, and the court agreed.

History of Song, Chapter 430Volume 430 Biographies 189: Taoist Scholars 4: Zhu Shimenren, Huang Gan, Li Fan, Zhang Qia, Chen Chun, Li Fangzi, Huang Hao · 1 passage

Open chapter

須萬理明徹於胸中，將此心放在天地間一例看，然後可以語孔、孟之樂。 Myriad principles must be clear in the breast; view the mind as one with the world—then one may speak of Confucius and Mencius's joy.

History of Song, Chapter 436Volume 436 Biographies 195: Confucian Scholars 6: Chen Liang, Zheng Qiaolinting, Li Daochuan · 1 passage

Open chapter

其學自孟子後惟推王通，嘗曰：「研窮義理之精微，辨析古今之同異，原心於秒忽，較禮於分寸，以積累為工，以涵養為正，麵盎背，則於諸儒誠有愧焉。 After Mencius he ranked no scholar above Wang Tong, and he once remarked, "To plumb principle to its finest grain, sift past from present, trace the mind in a flash and weigh ritual to the inch, to labor by accumulation and stand upright by nurture, with glowing face and bent back, would leave one ashamed before the Confucians.

Book of Song, Chapter 73Volume 73 Biographies 33: Yan Yanzhi · 1 passage

Open chapter

臣聞聲問過情，孟軻所恥，況聲非外來，問由己出，雖心智薄劣，而高自比擬，客氣虛張，曾無愧畏，豈可復弼亮五教，增曜台階。 Your servant has heard that reputation exceeding the truth was what Mencius despised—how much more when the reputation is not given from outside but sought by oneself! Though his mind and talent are slight, he compares himself to the great; his manner is inflated with false pride and he knows no shame. How can he again assist and illumine the five teachings and add luster to the terrace steps?

New Book of Tang, Chapter 134Volume 134 Biographies 59: Yuwen, Wei, Yang, Wang · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子所謂「上下征利而國危」者，可不信哉！ Was Mencius not right when he said, "When above and below strive for profit, the state is in danger" — can one disbelieve it!

New Book of Tang, Chapter 194Volume 194 Biographies 119: Outstanding Conduct · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟軻館齊，從者竊屨。 Mencius lodged in Qi and a follower stole shoes.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 15Volume 15: Mingzong of Later Tang's Family · 1 passage

Open chapter

古之知孝者莫如舜，知義者莫如孔、孟，其於君臣父子之際詳矣，使其不幸而遭焉，其亦如是而已矣！ In antiquity none knew filial piety like Shun, none knew righteousness like Confucius and Mencius—they weighed every bond between lord and subject, father and son; had fate forced such a choice on them, they would have done no differently!

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20: Shizong of Later Zhou's Family · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子言：舜為天子，而瞽叟殺人，則棄天下，竊負之而逃。 Mencius said that if Shun were emperor and his father Gusou killed a man, Shun would abandon the realm, secretly carry his father on his back, and flee.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 21Volume 21 Later Liang Biographies 1: Jing Xiang, Zhu Zhen, Pang Shigu, Ge Congzhou, Huo Cun, Zhang Cunjing, Fu Daozhao, Liu Han, Kou Yangqing · 1 passage

Open chapter

孟子謂「春秋無義戰」，予亦以謂五代無全臣。 Mencius said, “In the Spring and Autumn there were no just wars”; I say the Five Dynasties knew no ministers whole in loyalty.

History of Yuan, Chapter 171Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 1 passage

Open chapter

中古之統：仲尼其元，顏、曾其亨乎，子思其利，孟子其貞乎！ The lineage of middle antiquity: Confucius is the Origin, Yan Hui and Zeng Shen perhaps the Flourishing, Zisi the Advantage, Mencius the Steadfastness!

Book of Zhou, Chapter 46Volume 46 Biographies 38: Filial Piety · 1 passage

Open chapter

孔墨荀孟稟聖賢之資，弘正道以勵其俗。 while Confucius, Mozi, Xunzi, and Mencius bore the endowment of sages and spread the true Way to stir their contemporaries.