Zhang Juhan (張居翰)

Overview

Zhang Juhan was an eunuch and Official.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Deqing	德卿	Deqing

Life and dates

Death

At Chang'an 長安 · Age 71
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 126
AD 928 天成三年四月
Cause illness 疾 · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 112

Age

71
Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 112; New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 126

Attested activity

AD 883 中和三年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 93
AD 923 同光元年夏四月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 100
AD 923 同光初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 57
AD 860 咸通初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 92
AD 901 to AD 904 天復中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 95; New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 117
AD 928 天成三年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 126

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AD 928 天成三年四月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 112
AD 906 天祐三年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 96
AD 923 張居翰同掌樞密
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 57, passage 88
AD 888 to AD 904 昭宗時
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 116
AD 923 莊宗即位
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 119

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Zhang Congmei (張從玫)
raised as a son 養之為子 · Adoptive parentage
adopted son 養子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 92; New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 115
Parent of Zhang Yangui (張延貴)
his son 其子
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 111

Key source chapters

Career and standing

eunuch 宦者
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 117
Hanlin Academy adjutant 學士院判官
AD 883 中和三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 93
Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs 樞密使
AD 923 同光元年夏四月 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 100
Bureau Commissioner 樞密使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passages 88, 119
joint commissioner of Military Affairs 同掌樞密
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 57, passage 88
Youzhou army supervisor 監幽州軍事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 94

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Zhaoyi army supervisor 昭義監軍
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 118
Fanyang army supervisor 范陽軍監軍
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 116
palace attendant 內常侍
Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 94
Special Advancement 特進
AD 923 同光元年夏四月 · Granted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 100
Entered
In hiding
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 117

Places and affiliations

At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Died at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 126
At Mount Da'an 大安山 · Relation Hid at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 117
At Zhide Palace 至德宮 · Relation Met at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 125

Works and attributed material

Document · Alterer · With Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (後唐莊宗)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 123

Events and relationships

Altered edict to spare lives
AD 926 四年三月 · Legal · Editor of edict · With Wang Yan (王衍)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passages 108-109
Altered execution order
Legal · Editor of edict · With Wang Yan (王衍)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passages 123-124
Asked to retire
Political · Petitioner · With Li Siyuan (李嗣源)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 125
Attacked Luzhou
Military · Army supervisor · With Prince of Jin (晉王)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 118
Hidden
AD 901 to AD 904 天復中 · Political · Hidden fugitive · At Mount Da'an 大安山 · With Liu Rengong (劉仁恭)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passage 95

Assessments and attributes

Assessment gentle, quiet, benevolent; saved a thousand from wrongful death · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 72, passages 113-114, 146
Assessment spared-surrendered-lives · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passages 111, 123

References in the histories

Search passages

History

28 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 57Volume 57 Book of Later Tang 33: Biographies 9: Gao Chongtao · 1 passage

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初，崇韜與李紹宏同為內職，及莊宗即位，崇韜以紹宏素在己上，舊人難製，即奏澤潞監軍張居翰同掌樞密，以紹宏為宣徽使。 Earlier, Guo Chongtao and Li Shaohong had both served in the inner administration. After Zhuangzong's accession, Guo Chongtao—finding that Li Shaohong had always outranked him and that an old associate was difficult to manage—petitioned to have Zhang Juhán, military commissioner of Ze and Lu, share control of Military Affairs, while appointing Li Shaohong Commissioner of the Palace Secretariat.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71 Book of Later Tang 47: Biographies 23: Ma Yu, Si Kongting, Cao Tingyin, Xiao Xifu, Yao Zongzhi, Jia Fu, Ma Gao, Luo Guan, Chun Yuyan, Zhang Ge, Xu Ji, Zhou Xuanbao · 2 passages

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樞密使張居翰聞之怒，謂希甫曰：「老夫曆事三朝天子，見內宴數百，子本田舍兒，安知宮禁事！」 Commissioner Zhang Juhan flew into a rage: "I have served three emperors and attended hundreds of inner banquets—you're a country bumpkin; what do you know of palace protocol!"

初，莊宗欲以希甫知制誥，宰相豆盧革等附居翰，共排斥之，以為駕部郎中。 Zhuangzong had wanted to make him a drafter of edicts, but Chief Ministers Doulu Ge and others, siding with Zhang Juhan, blocked him and gave him only a post as director in the Transport Department.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 72Volume 72 Book of Later Tang 48: Biographies 24: Zhang Chengye, Zhang Juhan, Ma Shaohong, Meng Hangqiong · 16 passages

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張居翰，字德卿。 Zhang Juhan, styled Deqing.

昭宗在華下，超授內常侍，出監幽州軍事，秩滿詔歸，節度使劉仁恭表留之。 While Emperor Zhaozong was at Hua, Juhan was promoted out of turn to palace attendant and sent to supervise military affairs at Youzhou. When his term expired an edict ordered his return, but military commissioner Liu Rengong memorialized to retain him.

天復中，詔誅宦官，仁恭紿奏殺之，匿於大安山之北溪。 During the Tianfu era, an edict ordered the execution of eunuchs. Rengong falsely reported that he had killed Juhan and hid him in a northern stream valley of Mount Da'an.

天祐三年，汴人攻滄州，仁恭求援於武皇，乃遣居翰與書記馬鬱等率兵助武皇同攻潞州，武皇因留之不遣。 In the third year of Tianyou, when the Bian army attacked Cangzhou, Rengong sought aid from Emperor Wu and sent Juhan with secretary Ma Yu and others to lead troops to help Emperor Wu jointly attack Luzhou. Emperor Wu then retained Juhan and would not send him back.

李嗣昭節制昭義，以居翰監其軍，以燕軍三千為部下。 Li Siyao commanded Zhaoyi Circuit and made Juhan supervisor of his army, with three thousand Yan troops under his command.

俄而汴將李思安築夾城以圍潞州，居翰與嗣昭登城保守，以至解圍。 Before long the Bian general Li Si'an built Jiachcheng to besiege Luzhou. Juhan and Siyao mounted the walls to hold firm until the siege was lifted.

自是嗣昭每出征，令居翰知留後事。 From then on, whenever Siyao marched out, he left Juhan in charge of rear affairs.

十月，莊宗將渡河，留居翰與李紹宏同守魏州。 In the tenth month, as Zhuangzong prepared to cross the river, he left Juhan and Li Shaohong to hold Weizhou together.

莊宗入汴，加驃騎大將軍，知內侍省事，依前充樞密使。 When Zhuangzong entered Bian, Juhan was promoted to Grand General of Agile Cavalry, made Director of Palace Affairs, and continued as Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs.

居翰自以羈旅乘時，擢居重地，每於宣授，不敢有所是非，承顏免過而已，以此脫季年之禍。 Juhan saw himself as an outsider who had seized the moment to rise to high office. At every appointment he dared express no opinion, merely deferring to the ruler's mood to avoid blame — and by this escaped disaster in his later years.

其詔已經印畫，時居翰在密地，覆視其詔，即就殿柱揩云「行」字，改書「家」字。 The edict had already been sealed and signed. Juhan was in a private room; he looked the edict over again, went to a hall pillar, erased the character for "party," and changed it to the character for "family."