Yuan Xian (袁憲) | 24 Histories

Overview

Yuan Xian was an official of Chen and Sui.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Yuan Dezhang	袁德章	Yuán Dézhāng
Courtesy name	Dezhang	德章	Dézhāng
Posthumous name	Jian	簡	Jian

Life and dates

Death

AD 598 開皇十八年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 194

Age

14
AD 542 大同八年 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 135-136
70
AD 598 開皇十八年 · Reckoning Sui
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 194

Attested activity

AD 594 開皇十四年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 193
AD 598 開皇十八年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 194
AD 584 二年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
AD 589 京城陷
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192
AD 548 to AD 549 侯景寇逆
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 154
AD 534 to AD 535 及憲試
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 147, 150, 152

Show 25 more source-backed claims

AD 588 夏
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 185-186
AD 535 大同元年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 152
AD 543 大同八年…在學一歲
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 135, 137
AD 542 大同八年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 135-136
AD 560 天嘉初
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 158
AD 563 天嘉四年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 159
AD 571 太建三年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 162-166
AD 577 太建九年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 169
AD 577 太建九年後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 170-172
AD 570 太建二年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 161
AD 573 太建五年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 167
AD 569 太建元年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 160
AD 574 太建六年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
AD 569 太建初
Directly stated · Book of Chen 30, passage 15
AD 581 太建十三年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 173-174
AD 548 太清二年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 153
AD 555 敬帝承制
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 155
AD 502 to AD 549 梁武帝脩建庠序
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 134
AD 557 永定元年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 23, passage 87; Book of Chen 24, passage 157
AD 589 禎明三年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 187-191
AD 583 至德元年
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
AD 557 to AD 589 陳
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 24, passages 1, 3
AD 582 高宗不豫
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 175-180
AD 569 to AD 582 高宗朝
Directly stated · Book of Chen 29, passage 134
AD 557 高祖作相
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 156

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Yuan Shu (袁樞)
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 132
Sibling of Eldest brother of Yuan Xian (袁憲長兄)
eldest brother 長兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 174
Parent of Chengjia (承家)
eldest son 長子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 196
Child of Yuan Junzheng (君正)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 137, 148-149, 154
Child of Father of Yuan Xian (袁憲父)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
Spouse of Princess Nan'a (南沙公主)
married 尚 · Marriage
princess consort 公主
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 151

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Correct Sayings student of the National University 國子正言生
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 136
General of the Cloud Banner 雲麾將軍
Advanced
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
chief steward of the Prince of Jin's household 晉王府長史
AD 594 開皇十四年 · Appointed · With Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 193
bearer of the staff 使持節
AD 589 京城陷 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192
commander of all military affairs in Chang prefecture 昌州諸軍事
AD 589 京城陷 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192
inspector of Chang prefecture 昌州刺史
AD 589 京城陷 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192

Show 39 more source-backed claims

opener of the mansion equal in honor to the three dukes 開府儀同三司
AD 589 京城陷 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192
chief aide to the crown prince 太子中庶子
AD 582 以功封 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 179
Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs 尚書僕射
AD 588 夏 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passages 185-186
acting minister of personnel 兼吏部尚書
AD 577 太建九年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 169
scattered-cavalry regular attendant 散騎常侍
AD 577 太建九年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 169
Cavalier Attendant 散騎常侍
AD 570 太建二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 161
palace attendant 侍中
AD 573 太建五年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 167
service-providing Huangmen gentleman 給事黃門侍郎
AD 569 太建元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 160
administrator of Wu 吳郡太守
AD 574 太建六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
bright-martial general 明威將軍
AD 574 太建六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
inner administrator of Nankang 南康內史
AD 574 太建六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
palace attendant 侍中
AD 582 尋除 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 180
steward of the crown prince's household 太子詹事
AD 582 尋除 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 180
trustworthy-martial general 信威將軍
AD 582 尋除 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 180
palace gentleman in the Department of State Affairs 尚書殿中郎
AD 555 敬帝承制 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 155
household bureau officer under the minister of education 司徒戶曹
AD 557 高祖作相 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 156
attendant to the crown prince 太子舍人
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 太清二年 · Western Year: AD 548
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 153
Cavalier Attendant 散騎常侍
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 永定元年 · Western Year: AD 557
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 157
secretariat gentleman 中書侍郎
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 永定元年 · Western Year: AD 557
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 157
secretary gentleman 祕書郎
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 大同元年 · Western Year: AD 535
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 152
superintendent of the Feathered Forest Guard 羽林監
AD 571 太建三年 · Held concurrently
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 162
overseer of Ministry of Ceremonies affairs 知太常事
AD 569 太建元年 · Held
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 160
participant in selection affairs 參掌選事
AD 581 太建十三年 · Held
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 173
grand general 大將軍
AD 598 開皇十八年 · Posthumously granted
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 195
vice censor-in-chief 御史中丞
AD 571 太建三年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 162
right vice director 右僕射
AD 581 太建十三年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 173
secretariat gentleman 中書侍郎
AD 563 天嘉四年 · Restored
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 159
minister of personnel 吏部尚書
AD 577 太建九年 · Substantive appointment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 169
personnel bureau gentleman of the Department of State Affairs 尚書吏部侍郎
AD 570 太建二年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 161
Baron of Jian'an county 建安縣伯
AD 582 以功封 · Enfeoffed · Households 400
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 179
posthumous name Jian 諡曰簡
AD 598 開皇十八年 · Bestowed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 195
lesser vice director 小僕射
AD 581 太建十三年 · Called
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 174
Baron of Jian'an county 建安縣伯
AD 582 以功封 · Held
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 179
Duke of Ancheng commandery 安城郡公
AD 598 開皇十八年 · Posthumously granted
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 195
Detained
Detention · At Northern Qi 齊 · From Source Date: Text: 使齊 · Western Year: AD 557 · Until Source Date: Text: 天嘉初 · Western Year: AD 560
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 24, passage 158
mourning for his father 丁父憂
AD 548 to AD 549 尋丁父憂 · Mourning · Entered
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 154
Granted
Staff established · Detail staff officers established 置佐史
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
Received
Assigned attendants · Detail two attendants for support 給扶二人
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
nobleman's son 貴公子
Nobleman's son
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 151

Places and affiliations

Chen 陳
Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 156-157, 181, 186-187
Liang 梁
Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 151-153, 155
Polity Chen 陳 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 159-160, 173
Polity Liang 梁 · Relation Lived under
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 134
Polity Liang 梁 · Relation Lived under
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 24, passages 135-136
Polity Sui 隋 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 192-193

Show 6 more source-backed claims

At Chen commandery 陳郡
Directly stated · Book of Chen 23, passage 87
AD 548 侯景寇逆
At Wu Commandery 吳郡 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 154
AD 563 天嘉四年
At Palace Attendant office 侍中省 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 159
AD 570 太建二年
At Eastern Palace 東宮 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 161
AD 574 太建六年
At Nankang 南康 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168
At west of one of the five halls 五館之一在憲宅西 · Relation Resided
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 134

Learning and skills

AD 542 大同八年
Institution National University 國子 · Student
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 136
Institution five halls / school precinct 庠序五館 · Relation Taught at
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 134
Earned
Credential top grade 高第
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 150
Skill court law and judicial judgment 詳練朝章尤明聽斷 · Level renowned
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 164

Works and attributed material

Memorial · Author · With Crown Prince (皇太子) · Paraphrased · Summary ten admonitory memorials citing ancient and recent examples 手表陳諫凡十條
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 182
Narrative subject · Subject
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 150, 152-153, 155-157
Speech · Speaker · With Later Lord (後主) · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Yuan Xian (袁憲)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 189-190
Speech · Speaker · With Cai Zheng (蔡徵) · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Yuan Xian (袁憲)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 183-184
Speech · Speaker · With Later Lord of Chen (陳後主) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 178
Speech · Addressee · Speaker Zhou Hongzheng (周弘正) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 140, 142

Events and relationships

Answered questions under fierce challenge
Examination · Examinee
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 147
Answered doctrinal challenges
AD 543 大同八年…在學一歲 · Scholarly · Debater · With Xie Qi (謝岐), He Tuo (何妥)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 140-143
Bowed wept withdrew
AD 589 禎明三年 · Military · Witness · With Later Lord (後主) · At Jingyang Palace 景陽殿
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 191
Called on libationer
AD 542 大同八年 · Scholarly · Visitor · With Dao Gai (到溉)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 136
Corrected incomplete cases before the throne
AD 571 太建三年 · Legal · Advocate
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 164
Declined appointment
AD 574 太建六年 · Political · Appointee · At Wu commandery 吳郡
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 168

Show 25 more source-backed claims

Declined immediate testamentary charge
AD 582 後主被瘡病篤 · Political · Addressee · With Later Lord of Chen (陳後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 178
Directed suppression
AD 582 始興王叔陵之肆逆 · Military · Commander · With Chen Shuling (陳叔陵)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 176
Entered service
AD 589 京城陷 · Political · Subject · At Sui 隋
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 192
Gathered students to debate
Scholarly · Teacher host
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 134
Impeached
AD 571 太建三年 · Legal · Prosecutor · With Chen Shuying (陳叔英)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 163
Placed in the top grade
Examination · Examinee
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 150
Rebuked
Political · Remonstrator · With Cai Zheng (蔡徵) · Topic proposal to replace the crown prince with the Prince of Shi'an 廢立
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 183-184
Received deathbed charge
AD 582 高宗不豫 · Political · Recipient · With Chen Xu (陳頊)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 175
Remained at ruler side
AD 589 禎明三年 · Military · Attendant · With Later Lord (後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 187
Requested resignation
AD 577 太建九年後 · Political · Official
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 170
Requested resignation
AD 583 to AD 584 至德元年…二年 · Political · Petitioner · Outcome Refused · With Later Lord (後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 181
Resignation refused by ruler
AD 577 太建九年後 · Political · Official · With Chen Xu (陳頊)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 171-172
Retained for private talk
AD 571 太建三年 · Social · Guest · With Chen Xu (陳頊) · At Fragrant-Accepting Pavilion / mountain pavilion 承香閣／山亭
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 165
Sent as envoy
AD 557 to AD 560 使齊數年不遣天嘉初乃還 · Diplomatic · Envoy · With Wang Yu (王瑜) · At Northern Qi 齊
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 158
Sent to Qi and imprisoned
Diplomatic · Deputy envoy · With Wang Yu (王瑜)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 23, passage 87
Set forth theme with fly whisk
AD 543 大同八年…在學一歲 · Scholarly · Discussant · With Zhou Hongzheng (周弘正)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 139
Urged formal reception
Political · Adviser · With Later Lord (後主) · Precedent Person Ids Emperor Wu of Liang (梁武帝), Hou Jing (侯景)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 189-190
Went east to Wu Commandery
Military political · Subject fleeing disorder · With Hou Jing (侯景) · At Wu Commandery 吳郡
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 154
Relation Official of · Person Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 193
Relation Student of · Person Zhou Hongzheng (周弘正)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 137, 139
Relation Minister of · Person Later Lord (後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 181, 186-187
Relation Remonstrator of · Person Crown Prince (皇太子)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 182
Relation Rebuker of · Person Cai Zheng (蔡徵)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passages 183-184
Relation Entrusted with aftermath by · Person Later Lord of Chen (陳後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 177
Relation Student of · Person Dao Gai (到溉)
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 24, passage 136

Assessments and attributes

Assessment admired for spirit and bearing · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Dao Gai (到溉)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 136
Assessment already fit to succeed as National University doctor · Mode named-source-report Speaker Zhou Hongzheng (周弘正)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 144
Assessment clean and unsullied in office · Mode speech Speaker Chen Xu (陳頊)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 172
Assessment composed and abundant in debate before a packed hall · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 143
Assessment court took pride in the paired vice directorships with Jianyi · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 174
Assessment esteemed by Emperor Gaozong · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 166

Show 9 more source-backed claims

Assessment far superior in spirit and bearing to Xiao Minsun and Xu Xiaoke · Mode named-speech Speaker Dao Gai (到溉)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 149
Assessment feared and respected by court and country · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 163
Assessment grief exceeded ritual requirements · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 154
Assessment manner austere and upright; lived by duty and the Way · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 199
Assessment never wavered from first to last; worthy of praise · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 201
Assessment new interpretations exceeded expectations; peers admired him · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 134
minister with backbone 骨鯁之臣
Assessment upright remonstrating minister · Mode quotation Speaker Later Lord (後主)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 186
bright, eager to learn, calm generous bearing
Character
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 133
Item fly-whisk 麈尾 · Relation Received · With Zhou Hongzheng (周弘正)
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 139