Overview
Lin Zexu was a Qing statesman, official, and diplomat.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Shaomu | 少穆 | Shǎomù |
| Posthumous name | Wenzhong | 文忠 | Wénzhōng |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1851 咸豐元年died on the journey 道卒Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 20
- AD 1850 文宗嗣位後At Chaozhou 潮州 · IllnessDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 110
- AD 1850 道光三十年died en route 卒於途Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 42
Age
- 20Reckoning Sui · Context passed provincial examinationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 3
Attested activity
- AD 1840 道光二十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passages 10, 41
- AD 1842 道光二十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 382, passages 47, 59
- AD 1845 道光二十五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 382, passages 64, 71
- AD 1846 二十六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 64
- AD 1841 二十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 373, passage 11
- AD 1840 二十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 110
Show 39 more source-backed claims
- AD 1845 前督臣林則徐剿永昌回匪Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passages 26-27
- AD 1831 十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 374, passages 149, 153
- AD 1837 十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passages 67-68
- AD 1839 十九年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 378, passages 49-50
- AD 1851 咸豐元年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passages 19-20
- AD 1811 嘉慶十六年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 5
- AD 1819 to AD 1850 嘉慶至道光Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 2, 140
- AD 1850 廣西軍事亟Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 16
- AD 1850 文宗嗣位Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 109
- AD 1841 既而林則徐亦至戍Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 92-93
- AD 1850 道光三十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passages 41-42; Draft History of Qing 394, passage 50
- AD 1841 道光二十一年五月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 91
- AD 1841 道光二十一年春Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 89
- AD 1847 道光二十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 99
- AD 1849 道光二十九年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 107
- AD 1842 道光二十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 92
- AD 1845 道光二十五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 96; Draft History of Qing 389, passage 120
- AD 1848 道光二十八年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 103
- AD 1846 道光二十六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 98
- AD 1844 道光二十四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 94
- AD 1840 道光二十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passages 27, 47
- AD 1840 道光二十年九月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 84, 86
- AD 1840 道光二十年五月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 69
- AD 1840 道光二十年八月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 23
- AD 1840 道光二十年春Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 68
- AD 1822 道光二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 340, passages 81-82; Draft History of Qing 369, passage 10
- AD 1821 道光元年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 9
- AD 1826 道光六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 14
- AD 1831 道光十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 17
- AD 1837 道光十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 36
- AD 1839 道光十九年七月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 54
- AD 1839 道光十九年春Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 43
- AD 1839 to AD 1841 道光十九年至二十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 364, passages 188, 191
- AD 1839 to AD 1840 道光十九年至二十年Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 370, passages 23, 28, 34
- AD 1832 道光十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 20
- AD 1838 道光十八年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 40-41
- AD 1830 道光十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 16
- AD 1830 道光十年前後Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 172-173
- AD 1824 道光四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 12
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Child of Father of Lin Zexu (林則徐之父)father 父Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 9, 15
- Child of Mother of Lin Zexu (林則徐之母)mother 母Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 13
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369 Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A 36 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 370 Volume 370 Biographies 157: Qi Shan, Yi Libu, Zong Shiqiying 11 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 382 Volume 382 Biographies 169: Hu Song E, Bu Yan Tai, Sa Ying A 6 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 364 Volume 364 Biographies 151: Ruan Yuan, Wang Tingzhen, Tang Jinzhao 3 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384 Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying 3 passages
Career and standing
- acting governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu 署總督Acted asDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 71
- Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou 雲貴總督AD 1847 二十七年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 99
- Governor of Shaanxi 陝西巡撫AD 1846 二十六年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 98
- Acting Zhejiang Salt Transport Commissioner 署浙江鹽運使AD 1822 二年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 10
- Intendant of the Huaihai Circuit 淮海道AD 1822 二年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 10
- Governor-General of the Eastern River Conservancy 河東河道總督AD 1831 十一年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 17
Show 46 more source-backed claims
- Governor-General of Huguang 湖廣總督AD 1837 十七年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 36
- Governor of Jiangsu 江蘇巡撫AD 1832 十二年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 20
- Financial Commissioner of Hubei 湖北布政使AD 1830 十年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 16
- Bachelor of the Hanlin Academy 庶吉士AD 1811 嘉慶十六年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 5
- Compiler 編修AD 1811 嘉慶十六年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 5
- Acting Financial Commissioner 署布政使AD 1824 四年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 12
- Acting Governor of Guangxi 署廣西巡撫AD 1850 文宗嗣位 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 109
- Imperial Commissioner 欽差大臣AD 1850 文宗嗣位 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 109
- Acting Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu 署陝甘總督AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 97
- Censor 御史AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 7
- Financial Commissioner of Jiangning 江寧布政使AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 15
- Governor-General of the Two Jiangs 兩江總督AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 62
- Imperial Commissioner 欽差大臣AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 43
- Intendant of the Hang-Jia-Hu Circuit 杭嘉湖道AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 8
- Judicial Commissioner of Jiangsu 江蘇按察使AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 11
- Judicial Commissioner of Shaanxi 陝西按察使AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 14
- Acting Salt Controller of the Two Huai 署兩淮鹽政AD 1826 六年 · Declined · Negated falseDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 14
- fourth-rank Court Officer 四品卿銜AD 1841 二十一年春 · GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 89
- Acting Governor-General of the Two Jiangs 署兩江總督Held · Count 2Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 35
- Imperial Commissioner 欽差大臣AD 1840 道光二十年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 10
- Governor-General 總督AD 1846 二十六年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 64
- Governor-General 督臣AD 1845 前督臣林則徐剿永昌回匪 · HeldStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 26
- Jiangning Administration Commissioner 江寧布政使AD 1831 十一年 · HeldDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 374, passages 149, 153
- Governor-General (successor verifying Lan case) 總督AD 1837 十七年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 68
- governor 巡撫HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 172
- provincial judge 按察使HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 340, passage 82
- former governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi 前兩廣總督Previously heldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 59
- Financial Commissioner of Henan 河南布政使TransferredDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 16
- Financial Commissioner of Jiangning 江寧布政使TransferredDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 16
- Governor-General of the Two Guang 兩廣總督TransferredDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 62
- GrantedAD 1841 道光二十一年 · Honor fourth-rank vice-minister rank 四品卿銜Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 191
- Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 106
- peacock feather 花翎GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 106
- Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent 太子太傅Posthumously grantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 112
- EnteredAD 1845 二十五年 · RecalledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 96
- EnteredAD 1841 五月 · Exile · At Yili 伊犁Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 91
- EnteredAD 1840 道光二十年 · DismissedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 87
- EnteredMourning · Relation For fatherDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 15
- EnteredMourning · Relation For motherDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 13
- EnteredRetiredDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 108
- InExileDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 59
- Dismissed before being recommended againDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passages 188, 190
- EnteredExile · At Yili 伊犁Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 93
- PunishedAD 1840 道光二十年 · Punished · Mode historian-judgmentDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 47
- RemovedAD 1840 道光二十年 · DismissalDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 27
- severe deliberation and dismissal 嚴議革職Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 86-87
Places and affiliations
- Qing 清Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 5
- Qing 清Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 373, passage 11
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
- At Houguan, Fujian 福建侯官Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 1
- AD 1840 道光二十年At Guangdong and Guangxi 兩廣 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 10
- AD 1841 二十一年春At Zhenhai, Zhejiang 浙江鎮海 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 89
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- AD 1839 十九年春At Guangdong 廣東 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 43
Learning and skills
- EarnedAD 1811 嘉慶十六年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 5
- EarnedCredential provincial graduate 舉人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 3
Works and attributed material
- Said no permanent fan policySpeech · Speaker · Mode quoted-speechDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 138
- AD 1838 十八年Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 41
- AD 1839 to AD 1840 道光十九年至二十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passages 34, 38, 43
- Counsel · Speaker · With Yishan (奕山)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 373, passages 11-12
- Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 25-27, 64-66, 74-79, 215-216
- Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 68
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- Proclamation · Author · With Charles Elliot (義律)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 46
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 116
Events and relationships
- Advised reclamationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 59
- Blamed for burning opiumDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 23
- Burned opium at GuangdongLegal · CommissionerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 378, passage 50
- Burned supply shipsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 68
- Coastal defense opsAD 1839 七月 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 54, 59-60
- Destroyed opium at HumenDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 46
Show 24 more source-backed claims
- Donated Aqiwusu reclamationAdministrative · DonorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 59
- Enforced opium banAD 1840 道光二十年 · Political · Enforcer · At Guangdong and Guangxi 兩廣 · Summary Firmly enforced the opium ban in the two Guang provinces 在兩廣堅持鴉片之禁Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 10
- Famine reliefAD 1824 四年 · Administrative · DirectorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 12
- Investigated opiumAD 1840 道光二十年 · Political · Investigator · Opponent Britain 英吉利 · Summary Investigated British opium hulks and ordered Tingzhang to Jiulongshan 查辦英吉利躉船鴉片Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 41
- Ordered opium surrenderDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 28
- Replaced by Qi ShanDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 110
- Requested to direct reliefAD 1831 十一年 · Administration · Overseer · At northern Jiangsu 江北Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 374, passage 153
- Returned home for father illnessAD 1821 道光元年 · Personal · SubjectDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 9
- Sealed Yellow River breachAD 1842 二十二年 · Administrative · Assistant · At Kaifeng 開封Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 92
- Sent to the Zhejiang army but not effectively employedAD 1841 道光二十一年 · Military · Appointed officialDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 191
- Sought rewards for officersDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 46
- Suppressed Hui rebelsAD 1845 前督臣林則徐剿永昌回匪 · Military · Commander · At Yongchang 永昌Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 26
- Suppressed Yunnan unrestAD 1848 二十八年 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 103-105
- Surveyed Aksu Ush KhotanAdministrative · InspectorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passages 60, 62
- Won at Midu then rebels submittedAD 1845 前督臣林則徐剿永昌回匪 · Military · Commander · At Midu 彌渡Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 27
- Xinjiang colonizationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 94-95
- Relation Former colleague of · Person Zhang Liangji (張亮基) · Context river projectsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 64
- Relation Recommender of · Person Zhang Liangji (張亮基)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 64
- Relation Recommender of · Person Yao Ying (姚瑩)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 147
- Relation Recommender of · Person Yang Fang (楊芳)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 39
- Relation Colleague of · Person Tao Shu (陶澍)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 172
- Relation Colleague of · Person Deng Tingzhen (鄧廷楨)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 44, 150
- Relation Superior of · Person Guan Tianpei (關天培)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 45
- Relation Ordered · Person Mai Tingzhang (麥廷章)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 41
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment recognized his ability and secretly recommended him for higher office · About Person Id Zhang Liangji (張亮基) · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 64
- Assessment benchmark for administrative excellence; Wu Wenrong ranked second to him · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 140
- Assessment had more than ten thousand regulars and militia and could raise supplies within the province · Mode quotation Source Person Id Wu Zhenyu (吳振棫) Source Work memorial 疏Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 26
- Assessment planning crucial to Bu Yantai's successes · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 134
- Assessment talent and judgment exceptional; subordinates eager to serve; outstanding results in every post · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 114
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 373, passage 11; Draft History of Qing 494, passages 10, 41
References in the histories
76 passages
No matching passages.