Emperor Jingzu (景祖)

Overview

Emperor Jingzu was a Jurchen Ruler and Ancestor of the Jin Dynasty.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Huihuan	惠桓皇帝

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1181 二十一年閏三月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 33, passage 74
AD 1136 天會十四年八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passages 18, 29, 36
AD 1145 皇統五年閏十一月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passage 96

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Empress Zhaosu (昭肅皇后)
consort 后
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 29
Ancestor of Yehe (冶訶)
descended from 系出 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 88
Parent of Emperor Shizu (世祖)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 32, passages 29-30; History of Jin 59, passage 178
Parent of Emperor Muzong (穆宗)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 32, passages 29, 32; History of Jin 59, passage 178
Child of Zhaozu (昭祖)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 32, passages 28-29; History of Jin 59, passage 106
Parent of Emperor Suzong (肅宗)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 32, passages 29, 31; History of Jin 59, passage 178
Parent of Hezhe (劾者)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 178
Parent of Sagai (撒改)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 178

Kinship Role sons · Count 9
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 178

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Jin 金
Relation Belonged to
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 59, passage 2
Polity Jin
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 68, passage 12
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passage 36

Events and relationships

Beinai of the Wole clan had lived with his brothers north of the Anchu River since Jingzu's day. When Wuchun rebelled, Beinai was ready to join him and secretly won over the Woluguan water folk, intending to destroy Huandu first.
Biographical record · Source Text 斡勒部人杯乃，自景祖時與其兄弟俱居安出虎水之北，及烏春作難，杯乃將與烏春合，間誘斡魯紺出水居人與之相結，欲先除去歡都。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 19
From Jingzu's day Jin began its rise, and the lord and minister order among the tribes was first fixed. Hence among ministers of other surnames Huandu leads the roll.
Biographical record · Source Text 蓋金自景祖始大，諸部君臣之分始定，故傳異姓之臣，以歡都為首。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 197
In Jingzu's day Shilu's son Hesun brought his tribe in submission and settled south of Hukai Mountain on the headwaters of the Anchu River.
Biographical record · Source Text 至景祖時，石魯之子劾孫舉部來歸，居於安出虎水源胡凱山南。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 12
The encomium reads: Virtuous Shilu was friend to Zhaozu; Huandu served Jingzu and Shizu as minister.
Biographical record · Source Text 贊曰：賢石魯與昭祖為友，歡都事景祖、世祖為之臣。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 196
Yehe traced his line to Jingzu, lived with the Wanyan on the Shenyin River, and was chief of his division.
Biographical record · Source Text 冶訶系出景祖，居神隱水完顏部，為其部勃堇。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 88

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 33, passage 74

References in the histories

Search passages

History

15 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 13: Rites 5: Conferring of Posthumous Titles · 4 passages

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皇高祖太師，質自天成，德為民望，兼精騎射，往無不摧，始置官師，歸者益眾。 The imperial great-great-grandfather, Grand Preceptor, was plain and honest by nature and a moral beacon for the people; expert in mounted archery, he went forth and nothing stood before him; when he first appointed officials and teachers, ever more tribes came to submit.

愛民好與曰'惠'，辟土兼國曰'桓'，明德有勞曰'昭'，執心決斷曰'肅'，請上皇高祖太師尊諡曰惠桓皇帝，廟號景祖，妣曰昭肅皇后。 Hui is for loving the people and delighting in giving, huan for opening territory and uniting states, zhao for illustrious virtue with meritorious toil, su for firm resolve and decisive judgment—we ask that the imperial great-great-grandfather, Grand Preceptor, receive the posthumous title Emperor Huihuan, with the temple name Jingzu, and that his consort be titled Empress Zhaosu.

仍請以始祖景元皇帝、景祖惠桓皇帝、世祖聖肅皇帝、太祖武元皇帝、太宗文烈皇帝為永永不祧之廟。 We further ask that the Founder Emperor Jingyuan, Jingzu Emperor Huihuan, Shizu Emperor Shengsu, Taizu Emperor Wuyuan, and Taizong Emperor Wenlie be designated as temples that shall never be removed from the main ancestral line.

是歲閏十一月，增上祖宗尊諡，始祖景元皇帝曰懿憲景元皇帝，德皇帝曰淵穆玄德皇帝，安皇帝曰和靖慶安皇帝，獻祖定昭皇帝曰純烈定昭皇帝，昭祖成襄皇帝曰武惠成襄皇帝，景祖惠桓皇帝曰英烈惠桓皇帝，世祖聖肅皇帝曰神武聖肅皇帝，肅宗穆憲皇帝曰明睿穆憲皇帝，穆宗孝平皇帝曰章順孝平皇帝，康宗恭簡皇帝曰獻敏恭簡皇帝，太宗文烈皇帝曰體元應運世德昭功哲惠仁聖文烈皇帝，徽宗景宣皇帝曰允恭克讓孝德玄功佑聖景宣皇帝，已上廟號如故。 In the intercalary eleventh month of that year the court augmented the posthumous titles of the imperial ancestors: Founder Emperor Jingyuan became Emperor Yixian Jingyuan; Emperor De became Emperor Yuanmu Xuande; Emperor An became Emperor Hejing Qing'an; Xianzu Emperor Dingzhao became Emperor Chunlie Dingzhao; Zhaozu Emperor Chengxiang became Emperor Wuhui Chengxiang; Jingzu Emperor Huihuan became Emperor Yinglie Huihuan; Shizu Emperor Shengsu became Emperor Shenwu Shengsu; Suzong Emperor Muxian became Emperor Mingrui Muxian; Muzong Emperor Xiaoping became Emperor Zhangshun Xiaoping; Kangzong Emperor Gongjian became Emperor Xianmin Gongjian; Taizong Emperor Wenlie became Emperor Tiyuan Yingyun Shide Zhaogong Zhehui Rensheng Wenlie; Huizong Emperor Jingxuan became Emperor Yungong Kerang Xiaode Xuangong Yousheng Jingxuan—the temple names listed above remained unchanged.

History of Jin, Chapter 33Volume 33 Treatises 14: Rites 6: Original Shrines, Invocation Ceremonies, Pilgrimages, Other Temples · 1 passage

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二十一年閏三月，奉旨昭祖、景祖奉安燕昌閣上，肅宗、穆宗、康宗奉安閣下，明肅皇帝奉安崇聖閣下。 In the intercalary third month of the twenty-first year, by imperial command the portraits of Ancestor Zhao and Ancestor Jing were installed in the upper story of Yanchang Pavilion, those of Emperor Suzong, Emperor Muzong, and Emperor Kangzong in the lower story, and Emperor Mingsu in the lower story of Chongsheng Pavilion.

History of Jin, Chapter 59Volume 59 Tables 1: Imperial Family · 5 passages

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右昭祖子，與景祖凡六人。 Listed at right: sons of the Bright Ancestor—six men, counting the Illustrious Ancestor.

右景祖子，與世祖、肅宗、穆宗凡九人。 Listed at right: sons of the Illustrious Ancestor—nine men, counting Shizu, Suzong, and Muzong.

冶訶、魯補稱係出景祖，不稱誰子，不可以世，置之卷末。 Yehe and Lubu are called collateral kin of the Illustrious Ancestor; neither is named as any man's son; their generations cannot be fixed, so both are placed at the scroll's end.

冶訶（係出景祖。銀青光祿大夫。） Yekhe (line traced to Jing Zu; Silver Radiance Grand Master of Splendid Happiness).

阿魯補（係出景祖。行臺左丞相。） Alubu (line traced to Jing Zu; Mobile-Administration Left Chancellor).

History of Jin, Chapter 68Volume 68 Biographies 6: Huandu and His Son Mouyan; Yehe and His Sons Alubu, Gunan, and Egunai; Sanda's Son Pucha · 5 passages

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至景祖時，石魯之子劾孫舉部來歸，居於安出虎水源胡凱山南。 In Jingzu's day Shilu's son Hesun brought his tribe in submission and settled south of Hukai Mountain on the headwaters of the Anchu River.

斡勒部人杯乃，自景祖時與其兄弟俱居安出虎水之北，及烏春作難，杯乃將與烏春合，間誘斡魯紺出水居人與之相結，欲先除去歡都。 Beinai of the Wole clan had lived with his brothers north of the Anchu River since Jingzu's day. When Wuchun rebelled, Beinai was ready to join him and secretly won over the Woluguan water-folk, intending to destroy Huandu first.

冶訶系出景祖，居神隱水完顏部，為其部勃堇。 Yehe traced his line to Jingzu, lived with the Wanyan on the Shenyin River, and was chief of his division.

贊曰：賢石魯與昭祖為友，歡都事景祖、世祖為之臣。 The encomium reads: Virtuous Shilu was friend to Zhaozu; Huandu served Jingzu and Shizu as minister.

蓋金自景祖始大，諸部君臣之分始定，故傳異姓之臣，以歡都為首。 From Jingzu's day Jin began its rise, and the lord-and-minister order among the tribes was first fixed. Hence among ministers of other surnames Huandu leads the roll.