Emperor Muzong (穆宗)

Overview

Emperor Muzong was a Jurchen Ruler and Younger Brother of Shizu.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Xiaoping	孝平皇帝
Alternate name	Puyangwen	蒲陽溫

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1136 天會十四年八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passages 32, 36
AD 1145 皇統五年閏十一月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passage 96
AD 1074 to AD 1103 穆宗
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 68, passage 27

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Ancestor of Hubalu (胡八魯)
grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passages 288, 850
Sibling of Emperor Shizu (世祖)
brother 兄弟 · Full siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passages 30, 32
Spouse of Empress Zhenhui (貞惠皇后)
consort 后
husband and wife 夫婦
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 32; History of Jin 68, passage 39
Child of Emperor Jingzu (景祖)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 32, passages 29, 32; History of Jin 59, passage 178
Kin of Xiebo (斜缽)
paternal cousin 諸父之子 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 68
Kin of Xilie (習烈)
paternal cousin 諸父之子 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 68
Parent of Xu (勗)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 287

Kinship Role sons · Count 5
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 287

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Jin 金
Relation Belonged to
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 59, passage 2
Polity Jin
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 68, passage 27
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passage 36

Works and attributed material

Praised Huandu’s courage and endorsed his judgment.
Direct quotation · Mode direct-speech
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 27

Events and relationships

Earlier Azu'a, younger brother of Saba of the Nahana tribe on the Yehui River, had quarreled over a tribal post and failed to obtain justice. He came in submission to Muzong.
Biographical record · Source Text 初，耶悔水納喝部撒八之弟曰阿注阿，與人爭部族官，不得直，來歸穆宗。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 49
Early in Muzong's reign, his cousins Xilie and Xiebo, together with his elder brothers, murmured dissent: "Those men made themselves lord and minister—what of us?"
Biographical record · Source Text 穆宗襲位之初，諸父之子習烈、斜缽及諸兄有異言，曰：「君相之位，皆渠輩為之，奈何？」
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 68
He also extorted an oath from Muzong, who yielded to every demand.
Biographical record · Source Text 而耍穆宗盟，穆宗皆從之。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 63
He met the messenger on the road and reached home at noon. Azu'a told Muzong: "Let the noted bureaucrats of the registered Jurchen band together, send my brothers and kin by the Xianzhou road into Liao, give me gold from the treasury and horses from the stables without stint, and let Huandu escort me to the Liao frontier before he returns."
Biographical record · Source Text 中途逢告者，日午至，阿注阿謂穆宗曰：「可使系案女直知名官僚相結，送我兄弟親屬由咸州路入遼國，庫金廄馬與我勿惜，歡都亦當送我至遼境，然後還。」
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 62
Huandu dismounted, seized the bridle, and pleaded: "Have you no thought for your beloved younger brother Puyangwen and his wife?"
Biographical record · Source Text 歡都下馬執轡而諫曰：「獨不念愛弟蒲陽溫與弟婦乎。」
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 39
Liao appointed Muzong, Taizu, Cibushi, and Huandu each to the office of xiangwen.
Biographical record · Source Text 遼人命穆宗、太祖、辭不失、歡都俱為詳穩。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 45

Show 7 more source-backed claims

Muzong remembered Huandu's counsel and later arranged for Talan's daughter Heluoshen to marry Huandu's son Gushen.
Biographical record · Source Text 穆宗德歡都言，後以撻懶女曷羅哂妻其子谷神。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 43
Muzong said: "How bold Huandu is! In my judgment he is entirely right."
Biographical record · Source Text 穆宗曰：「壯哉歡都，以我所見，正如此爾。」
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 27
Muzong's heart misgave him and he broke off the hunt.
Biographical record · Source Text 穆宗亦心動，罷獵。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 61
Of Shizu's maternal brothers Muzong was the youngest, and so earned that name.
Biographical record · Source Text 世祖母弟中穆宗最少，故雲然。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 42
Puyangwen is the Jurchen name for "younger brother" in Chinese.
Biographical record · Source Text 蒲陽溫者，漢語雲幼弟也。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 41
When Muzong came to the throne, every matter touching Liao was placed solely in his hands.
Biographical record · Source Text 穆宗嗣位，凡圖遼事皆專委之。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 74
While Muzong was out hunting at dawn, he rallied seven or eight armed men, forced their way into the palace, seized the inner gate, and took Empress Zhenhui and the household hostage.
Biographical record · Source Text 因穆宗晨出獵，糾率七八人操兵入宅，奪據寢門，劫貞惠皇后及家人等。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 55

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 33, passage 74

References in the histories

Search passages

History

20 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 13: Rites 5: Conferring of Posthumous Titles · 2 passages

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慈愛忘勞曰'孝'，執事有制曰'平'，清白守節曰'貞'，愛民好與曰'惠'，請上皇曾叔祖太師尊諡曰孝平皇帝，廟號穆宗，妣曰貞惠皇后。 Xiao is for loving kindness that forgets fatigue, ping for conducting affairs with proper measure, zhen for pure integrity and guarding one's principles, hui for loving the people and delighting in giving—we ask that the imperial great-granduncle, Grand Preceptor, receive the posthumous title Emperor Xiaoping, with the temple name Muzong, and that his consort be titled Empress Zhenhui.

是歲閏十一月，增上祖宗尊諡，始祖景元皇帝曰懿憲景元皇帝，德皇帝曰淵穆玄德皇帝，安皇帝曰和靖慶安皇帝，獻祖定昭皇帝曰純烈定昭皇帝，昭祖成襄皇帝曰武惠成襄皇帝，景祖惠桓皇帝曰英烈惠桓皇帝，世祖聖肅皇帝曰神武聖肅皇帝，肅宗穆憲皇帝曰明睿穆憲皇帝，穆宗孝平皇帝曰章順孝平皇帝，康宗恭簡皇帝曰獻敏恭簡皇帝，太宗文烈皇帝曰體元應運世德昭功哲惠仁聖文烈皇帝，徽宗景宣皇帝曰允恭克讓孝德玄功佑聖景宣皇帝，已上廟號如故。 In the intercalary eleventh month of that year the court augmented the posthumous titles of the imperial ancestors: Founder Emperor Jingyuan became Emperor Yixian Jingyuan; Emperor De became Emperor Yuanmu Xuande; Emperor An became Emperor Hejing Qing'an; Xianzu Emperor Dingzhao became Emperor Chunlie Dingzhao; Zhaozu Emperor Chengxiang became Emperor Wuhui Chengxiang; Jingzu Emperor Huihuan became Emperor Yinglie Huihuan; Shizu Emperor Shengsu became Emperor Shenwu Shengsu; Suzong Emperor Muxian became Emperor Mingrui Muxian; Muzong Emperor Xiaoping became Emperor Zhangshun Xiaoping; Kangzong Emperor Gongjian became Emperor Xianmin Gongjian; Taizong Emperor Wenlie became Emperor Tiyuan Yingyun Shide Zhaogong Zhehui Rensheng Wenlie; Huizong Emperor Jingxuan became Emperor Yungong Kerang Xiaode Xuangong Yousheng Jingxuan—the temple names listed above remained unchanged.

History of Jin, Chapter 33Volume 33 Treatises 14: Rites 6: Original Shrines, Invocation Ceremonies, Pilgrimages, Other Temples · 1 passage

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二十一年閏三月，奉旨昭祖、景祖奉安燕昌閣上，肅宗、穆宗、康宗奉安閣下，明肅皇帝奉安崇聖閣下。 In the intercalary third month of the twenty-first year, by imperial command the portraits of Ancestor Zhao and Ancestor Jing were installed in the upper story of Yanchang Pavilion, those of Emperor Suzong, Emperor Muzong, and Emperor Kangzong in the lower story, and Emperor Mingsu in the lower story of Chongsheng Pavilion.

History of Jin, Chapter 59Volume 59 Tables 1: Imperial Family · 4 passages

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右景祖子，與世祖、肅宗、穆宗凡九人。 Listed at right: sons of the Illustrious Ancestor—nine men, counting Shizu, Suzong, and Muzong.

右穆宗子五人。 Listed at right: five sons of Muzong.

胡八魯稱穆宗孫，不稱誰子，不可以世，置之卷末。 Hubalu is called a grandson of Muzong yet is not named as any man's son; his generation cannot be fixed, so he is placed at the scroll's end.

胡八魯（穆宗孫，寧州刺史。） Hubalu (grandson of Muzong; Prefect of Ningzhou).

History of Jin, Chapter 68Volume 68 Biographies 6: Huandu and His Son Mouyan; Yehe and His Sons Alubu, Gunan, and Egunai; Sanda's Son Pucha · 13 passages

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穆宗曰：「壯哉歡都，以我所見，正如此爾。」 Muzong said: "How bold Huandu is! In my judgment he is entirely right."

歡都下馬執轡而諫曰：「獨不念愛弟蒲陽溫與弟婦乎。」 Huandu dismounted, seized the bridle, and pleaded: "Have you no thought for your beloved younger brother Puyangwen and his wife?"

蒲陽溫者，漢語雲幼弟也。 Puyangwen is the Jurchen name for "younger brother" in Chinese.

世祖母弟中穆宗最少，故雲然。 Of Shizu's maternal brothers Muzong was the youngest, and so earned that name.

穆宗德歡都言，後以撻懶女曷羅哂妻其子谷神。 Muzong remembered Huandu's counsel and later arranged for Talan's daughter Heluoshen to marry Huandu's son Gushen.

遼人命穆宗、太祖、辭不失、歡都俱為詳穩。 Liao appointed Muzong, Taizu, Cibushi, and Huandu each to the office of xiangwen.

初，耶悔水納喝部撒八之弟曰阿注阿，與人爭部族官，不得直，來歸穆宗。 Earlier Azu'a, younger brother of Saba of the Nahana tribe on the Yehui River, had quarreled over a tribal post and failed to obtain justice. He came in submission to Muzong.

因穆宗晨出獵，糾率七八人操兵入宅，奪據寢門，劫貞惠皇后及家人等。 While Muzong was out hunting at dawn, he rallied seven or eight armed men, forced their way into the palace, seized the inner gate, and took Empress Zhenhui and the household hostage.

穆宗亦心動，罷獵。 Muzong's heart misgave him and he broke off the hunt.

中途逢告者，日午至，阿注阿謂穆宗曰：「可使系案女直知名官僚相結，送我兄弟親屬由咸州路入遼國，庫金廄馬與我勿惜，歡都亦當送我至遼境，然後還。」 He met the messenger on the road and reached home at noon. Azu'a told Muzong: "Let the noted bureaucrats of the registered Jurchen band together, send my brothers and kin by the Xianzhou road into Liao, give me gold from the treasury and horses from the stables without stint, and let Huandu escort me to the Liao frontier before he returns."

而耍穆宗盟，穆宗皆從之。 He also extorted an oath from Muzong, who yielded to every demand.

穆宗襲位之初，諸父之子習烈、斜缽及諸兄有異言，曰：「君相之位，皆渠輩為之，奈何？」 Early in Muzong's reign, his cousins Xilie and Xiebo, together with his elder brothers, murmured dissent: "Those men made themselves lord and minister—what of us?"

穆宗嗣位，凡圖遼事皆專委之。 When Muzong came to the throne, every matter touching Liao was placed solely in his hands.