Chongrui (重睿) | 24 Histories

Overview

Chongrui was a Younger brother of the Young Emperor.

PeriodFive Dynasties

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Life and dates

Age

still young
AD 942 高祖臥疾
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 167

Attested activity

AD 945 開運二年五月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 170
c. AD 900 to AD 947 其可見者，曰高祖二叔父
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 121, 126
AD 947 to AD 947 出帝北遷
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passage 62
AD 942 天福七年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 2
AD 943 天福八年秋
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 68, 70
AD 947 契丹滅晉
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 171

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AD 946 契丹犯京师
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 30
AD 947 明年正月癸卯
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 97
AD 947 辛卯（晉開運四年正月）
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 63
AD 947 開運四年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 86, passage 34
AD 942 高祖崩
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passages 59-60; New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 168
AD 946 高祖疾病托孤
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 187
AD 942 高祖臥疾
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 167

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭)
father 子
imperial younger brother 皇弟
seventh son 第七子
young son 幼子
Sources vary in certainty · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 2; New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 30; Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passages 59, 61
Kin of Deposed Emperor of Jin (晋出帝)
imperial younger brother 皇弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 30
Sibling of Shi Chonggui (石重貴)
younger brother 皇弟 · Uncertain siblings
imperial younger brother 皇弟
younger brother 皇弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 86, passage 34; Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 97
Child of Gaozu (高祖)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 165
Child of Gaozu (高祖)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 187
Child of Gaozu (高祖)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 121
Sibling of Chonggui (重貴)
younger brother 皇弟
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 63

Key source chapters

Career and standing

military commissioner of the Xiongwu Army 雄武軍節度使
AD 945 開運二年五月 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 170
Acting Grand Guardian 檢校太保
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 169
prefect of Kaifeng 開封尹
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 169
military commissioner of Xu 許州節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passage 61
military commissioner of Zhongwu 忠武
AD 946 歲餘 · Transferred · Negated Reporting true
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 170
Placed in feng dao arms
Designated for entrustment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 187

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had not yet received a princely title 未封王
Not enfeoffed as prince · Negated true
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passage 61

Places and affiliations

AD 947 契丹滅晉
Polity Id liao · Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Taken north under
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 171
Later Jin 晉
Relation Royal member
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 187
Polity Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 169, 171
At Kaifeng 開封 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 169

Events and relationships

Bowed to Feng Dao
AD 942 高祖臥疾 · Ritual · Presented child · With Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 167
Followed north
AD 947 契丹滅晉 · Travel · Deportee · With Fleeing Emperor (出帝)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 171
Followed north
Travel · Subject · With Shi Chonggui (石重貴)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passage 62
Followed north
Travel · Traveler
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 86, passages 34-35
Not enthroned
AD 942 高祖崩 · Political · Passed over
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 168
Went north with clan
AD 947 辛卯（晉開運四年正月） · Travel · Participant · With Chonggui (重貴)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 63

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Political · Candidate heir · With Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 87, passage 59
Gaozu placed him in Feng Dao’s arms as a silent charge
Relation Entrusted to · Person Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 167
Relation Entrusted to · Person Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 187

Assessments and attributes

resembled Gaozu in face
Physical description · With Gaozu (高祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 166

Source notes

old story that Chongrui was Gaozu’s youngest son is rejected
Field birth-order · With Chonggao (重杲) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 126
his fate afterward is unknown
AD 947 契丹滅晉
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 171
never reported to the Xiongwu or Zhongwu commands
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 170

References in the histories

Search passages

History

19 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 1 passage

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癸卯，帝與皇太后李氏、皇太妃安氏、皇后馮氏、皇弟重睿、皇子延煦延寶俱北行，以宮嬪五十人、內官三十人、東西班五十人、醫官一人、控鶴官四人、禦廚七人、茶酒三人、儀鸞司三人、軍健二十人從行。 On guimao the emperor went north with Empress Dowager Li, Grand Imperial Consort An, Empress Feng, his brother Chongrui, and Princes Yanxu and Yanbao, attended by fifty palace women, thirty eunuchs, fifty court attendants, a physician, four Crane-Control officers, seven imperial cooks, three tea and wine servants, three from the Ceremonial Parasol bureau, and twenty guards.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 86Volume 86 Book of Later Jin 12: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

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於是太后與馮氏、皇弟重睿。 Thereupon the empress dowager, Lady Feng, and the emperor's younger brother Chongrui

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 87Volume 87 Book of Later Jin 13: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 3 passages

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重睿。 Chongrui.

〈（案《契丹國志》：高祖憂悒成疾，一旦馮道獨對，高祖命幼子重睿出拜之，又令宦者抱置道懷中，蓋欲馮道輔立之。 (Note: According to the Khitan State Chronicles, Gaozu, weighed down by worry, fell ill. One day Feng Dao had a private audience; Gaozu ordered his young son Chongrui to come forth and bow to him, and had a eunuch place the child in Dao's arms—apparently intending Feng Dao to assist in installing him as heir.

《五代會要》：重睿，高祖第七子，許州節度使，未封王。 The Institutions of the Five Dynasties: Chongrui was Gaozu's seventh son, military commissioner of Xu, and had not yet received a princely title.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Later Jin Annals 2: the Emperor That Fled · 2 passages

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高祖六子，五皆早死，而重睿幼，故重貴得立。 Of Gaozu’s six sons five had died in childhood and Chongrui was still an infant, so the throne passed to Chonggui.

方高祖疾病，抱其子重睿置於馮道懷中而托之，出帝豈得立邪？ On Gaozu’s sickbed he laid his son Chongrui in Feng Dao’s arms and entrusted the boy to him—how then could the Fleeing Emperor have been raised to the throne?

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17: The Later Jin Imperial Family · 10 passages

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於是太后與馮皇后、皇弟重睿、皇子延煦、延寶等舉族從帝而北，以宮女五十、宦者三十、東西班五十、醫官一、控鶴官四、禦廚七、茶酒司三、儀鸞司三、六軍士二十人從，衛以騎兵三百。 So the dowager, Empress Feng, the emperor’s younger brother Chongrui, and the princes Yanxu and Yanbao went north with the whole clan—fifty palace women, thirty eunuchs, fifty eastern and western attendants, one physician, four Crane-Taming officers, seven imperial cooks, three tea-and-wine offices, three ceremonial offices, and twenty soldiers of the Six Armies in attendance, escorted by three hundred horsemen.

二叔父曰萬友、萬詮，兄曰敬儒，弟曰敬威、敬德、敬殷、敬赟、敬暉、重胤，子曰重貴、重信、重乂、重英、重進、重睿、重杲，孫曰延煦、延寶。 The two paternal uncles were Wanyou and Wanyuan; the elder brother, Jingru; the younger brothers Jingwei, Jingde, Jingyin, Jingyun, Jinghui, and Chongyin; the sons Chonggui, Chongxin, Chongyi, Chongying, Chongjin, Chongrui, and Chonggao; the grandsons Yanxu and Yanbao.

高祖少子曰馮六，未名而卒，而舊說以重睿為幼子者，非也。 Gaozu’s youngest son was Feng Liu, unnamed when he died; the old story that Chongrui was the youngest is mistaken.

子重睿 The Son Chongrui

重睿為人貌類高祖。 Chongrui resembled Gaozu in face.

高祖臥疾，宰相馮道入見臥內，重睿尚幼，高祖呼出使拜道於前，因以宦者抱持寘道懷中，高祖雖不言，左右皆知其以重睿托道也。 Gaozu lay ill when Chancellor Feng Dao came to his bedside; Chongrui was still small. Gaozu had the boy brought forward to bow to Dao, then a eunuch lifted him into Dao’s arms. Gaozu never spoke, but everyone present knew he was entrusting Chongrui to Dao.

高祖崩，晉大臣以國家多事，議立長君，而景延廣已陰許立出帝，重睿遂不得立。 At Gaozu’s death the chief ministers, with the realm in turmoil, debated raising an elder prince; but Jing Yanguang had already secretly pledged the throne to the Fleeing Emperor, and Chongrui was passed over.

出帝以重睿為檢校太保、開封尹，以左散騎常侍邊蔚權知開封府事。 The Fleeing Emperor made Chongrui Acting Grand Guardian and prefect of Kaifeng, with Left Regular Attendant Bian Wei acting in his stead.

開運二年五月，拜重睿雄武軍節度使，歲餘，徙鎮忠武，皆不之鎮。 In the fifth month of Kaiyun 2 he was named commissioner of the Xiongwu Army; a year later he was shifted to Zhongwu, but never reported to either command.

契丹滅晉，重睿從出帝北遷，後不知其所終。 When the Khitan destroyed Jin, Chongrui followed the Fleeing Emperor north; his fate afterward is unknown.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 2 passages

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帝饮酒过度得疾，维翰遣人阴白太后，请为皇弟重睿置师傅。 The emperor drank himself ill. Weihan secretly told the empress dowager to name tutors for Prince Chongrui.

又进帛五千匹，绵一千四百两，马二十二匹，玉鞍、衣袭、犀玉、金带等，请赐从官，自皇弟重睿，下至伴食刺史、重睿从者各有差。 He added five thousand bolts of silk, fourteen hundred catties of cotton, twenty-two horses, jade gear and gold belts for the court—from Chongrui to the humblest attendant, each by rank.