Five Dynasties · Ruler

Deposed Emperor of Jin 晋出帝

Jìn Chūdì

Attested AD 907 - AD 960

Passages: 22
Chapters: 5
Histories: 2

Overview

Deposed Emperor of Jin was a ruler.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Jin’s Last Emperor	晉出帝
Nickname	Weizi	卫子	Weizi
Epithet	Young Lord	少主	Shaozhu

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 907 to AD 960 五代
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 52
AD 944 出帝
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passages 8, 37
AD 942 to AD 946 出帝即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 73
AD 942 出帝即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 20
AD 943 天福八年秋
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 68
AD 946 契丹犯京师
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 37-38

Show 3 more source-backed claims

AD 942 to AD 947 少主不納
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 119, passage 170
AD 944 明年春
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 73
AD 944 to AD 946 開運中
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 57

Family

Kin of Empress Dowager (太后)
empress dowager 太后
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 30
Kin of Chongrui (重睿)
imperial younger brother 皇弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 30

Key source chapters

Career and standing

AD 942 出帝即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 20; New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 73

Places and affiliations

Polity Later Jin 晉 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passage 8
Polity Later Jin 晋 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 20

Events and relationships

Defeated
Military · Commander · With Yang Tan (楊檀)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passage 8
Imprisoned and executed
Legal · Authority · With Cheng Fuyun (程福赟)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 60
Northern campaign against Khitans
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 57
Rescued generals
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 75
Ignored remonstrance · Addressee · With Shi Ang (石昂)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 73

Assessments and attributes

Assessment muddled / lost in disorder · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passage 37

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 119Volume 119 Book of Later Zhou 21: Shizong Annals 6 · 1 passage

先帝潛龍時，亦上疏請解其兵權，以備非常之變，少主不納，未幾先帝遂有天下。 When Taizu was still in obscurity, Tao also memorialized to strip him of military authority against extraordinary change; the young lord did not accept it, and before long Taizu possessed the realm.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 1 passage

二年五代乱世，以嗣君即位者五，而改元不依古者四，梁末帝、晋出帝即位逾年，宜改元而不改，又明年然后改，汉隐帝、周世宗皆仍称先帝年号，终其世不改，而本纪无讥者，但书其实，自见其失也。 In the second year: in the chaotic age of the Five Dynasties, five successors took the throne, yet four did not change the reign title according to ancient practice. Liang’s last emperor and Jin’s deposed emperor, more than a year after accession, ought to have changed the era name but did not, changing only the following year. Han’s Hidden Emperor and Zhou’s Shizong both kept their predecessors’ era names to the end without change, and the annals offer no censure—they simply record the facts, and the fault shows itself.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 11 passages

出帝即位，召拜侍中。 The Deposed Emperor made him Palace Attendant.

高祖崩，出帝立，延广有力，颇伐其功。 The High Ancestor died; the Deposed Emperor rose. Yanguang had clout and trumpeted his deeds.

初，出帝立，晋大臣议告契丹，致表称臣，延广独不肯，但致书称孙而已，大臣皆知其不可而不能夺。 At the new reign Jin’s ministers meant to notify the Khitan as subjects. Yanguang alone refused—he wrote as grandson, not vassal. Everyone knew disaster would follow; none could stop him.

契丹果怒，数以责晋，延广谓契丹使者乔莹曰：「先皇帝北朝所立，今卫子中国自册，可以为孙，而不可为臣。 The Khitan raged and rebuked Jin again and again. Yanguang told envoy Qiao Ying: “Your court made our last emperor. Weizi’s Son of Heaven enthrones himself—we are grandson, not subject.

天福八年秋，出帝幸大年庄还，置酒延广第。 Autumn, Tianfu eight: the emperor feasted at Yanguang’s house after Danian Manor.

明年春，契丹入寇，延广从出帝北征为御营使，相拒澶、魏之间。 Next spring the Khitan invaded. Yanguang marched north as imperial camp commissioner, facing them between Chan and Wei.

契丹去，出帝还京师，乃出延广为河南尹，留守西京。 The Khitan withdrew; the emperor sent Yanguang to govern Henan and hold the western capital.

明年，出帝幸澶渊，以延广从，皆无功。 Next year he marched to Chanyuan with Yanguang—to no gain.

及少主新立，衅结兵连，败约起争，发自延广。 The Young Lord’s reign tied enmity to war; the broken pact began with Yanguang.

出帝即位，与契丹绝盟，河北诸州皆警，以谓贝州水陆之冲，缓急可以转饷，乃积刍粟数十万，以王令温为永清军节度使。 The Deposed Emperor broke with the Khitan; the north was on edge. Beizhou sat on land and water routes—fodder could be rushed there in crisis. They piled hundreds of thousands of bundles and made Wang Lingwen governor of Yongqing.

而令温家属为契丹所虏，出帝悯之，以令温为武胜军节度使，后累历方镇，周显德中卒。 Lingwen’s family was captured. The emperor pitied him and made him governor of Wusheng; he served on until Zhou’s Xiande era.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 34Volume 34 Biographies of Recluses 14: Zhen Gao, Shi Ang, Cheng Fuyun, Li Zilun · 5 passages

出帝即位，晉政日壞，昂數上疏極諫，不聽，乃稱疾東歸，以壽終于家。 When the Deposed Emperor came to the throne, Jin governance grew worse day by day. Ang repeatedly submitted sharp memorials, was ignored, pleaded illness, returned east, and died at home in old age.

晉出帝時，為奉國右廂都指揮使。 Under the Deposed Emperor of Jin he commanded the Fengguo right wing.

開運中，契丹入寇，出帝北征，奉國軍士乘間夜縱火焚營，欲因以為亂，福赟身自救火被傷，火滅而亂者不得發。 In the Kaiyun era, when the Deposed Emperor marched north against the Khitans, Fengguo troops set the camp ablaze by night to mutiny; Fuyun fought the fire himself, was wounded, and quelled the plot.

福赟以為契丹且大至，而天子在軍，京師虛空，不宜以小故動搖人聽，因匿其事不以聞。 He believed the Khitans would come in force while the emperor was in the field and the capital empty—a small fire should not panic the army; he hid the affair and did not report it.

出帝下福赟獄，人皆以為冤，福赟終不自辨以見殺。 The Deposed Emperor imprisoned him; all called it unjust; Fuyun never defended himself and was executed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 49Volume 49 Miscellaneous Biographies 29: Di Guangye, Feng Hui, Huang Fuhui, Tang Jingsi, Wang Jin, Chang Si, Sun Fangjian · 4 passages

出帝已破楊光遠，以光鄴為青州防禦使。 Once the Deposed Emperor had broken Yang Guangyuan, Guangye was made defender of Qing.

是時，出帝昏亂，馮玉、李彥韜等用事，暉曲意事之，因得復鎮靈武。 The Deposed Emperor was lost; Feng Yu and Li Yantao held court. Hui courted them and won Lingwu back.

出帝時，契丹攻陷貝州，景思為趙延壽所得，以為壕砦使。 Under the Deposed Emperor the Khitan took Bei; Jingsi fell to Zhao Yanshou and was made trench commissioner.

晉出帝時，義武軍節度使惡方諫聚徒山中，恐為邊患，因表以為遊奕使。 Under Jin’s Last Emperor the Yiwu commissioner hated Fangjian for gathering men in the hills and feared border trouble; he memorialized to make him roving patrol commissioner.