Zhao Sizhan (趙思綰)

Overview

Zhao Sizhan was a Yongxing Officer and Rebel.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Sixian	思綰	Sixian

Life and dates

Death

AD 949 二年夏
Beheaded · At marketplace 市 · Authority Guo Congyi (郭從義)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 217, 221
AD 949 乾祐二年七月
Executed · Authority Guo Wei (郭威) · At Jingzhao 京兆
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 103
AD 949 乾祐二年
executed 處置
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 102, passage 79
beheaded 斬 · At marketplace 市
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 49

Attested activity

AD 948 乾祐元年三月二十四日
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 188
AD 949 二年夏
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 197, 212, 217, 222
AD 949 乾祐二年；降；被殺
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passages 99, 103
AD 949 乾祐二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 102, passage 12
AD 948 乾祐元年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 19
AD 948 乾祐元年四月；叛附李守貞
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 75

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AD 925 to AD 926 唐同光末
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 170
AD 936 to AD 947 思綰主藍田副鎮
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 201-202
AD 947 to AD 948 未久
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 209-210
AD 948 to AD 949 李守貞河中之叛／圍城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 133, 142
AD 948 to AD 949 漢遣白文珂、常思等出軍擊之
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 75, 77, 79
AD 948 to AD 950 漢遣郭從義討趙思綰
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 124
AD 949 to AD 950 漢隱帝時趙思綰亂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 130, passage 9
AD 949 父子俱斬於市
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 49
AD 948 to AD 949 經年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 188, 193-194
AD 947 to AD 949 趙思綰
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 16, 114
AD 948 to AD 949 隱帝時
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 30, passage 68
AD 947 高祖定河、洛
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 172-173

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Son of Zhao Siwan (趙思綰之子)
father 父
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 49
Spouse of Wife of Zhao Siwan (思綰之妻)
wife 妻
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 208

Kinship Role clan members · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 217

Key source chapters

Career and standing

leader of Zhao Zan's inherited troops 首領
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 171
acting Grand Guardian 檢校太保
AD 949 二年夏 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 213
acting military governor of Huazhou 華州留後
AD 949 二年夏 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 213
acting governor of Zhenguo 鎮國軍留後
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 43
acting Grand Commandant 檢校太尉
Appointed · Mode forged-edict Source Person Id Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 190
acting military governor of Hua 華州節度留後
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 102, passage 54

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military governor of Jinchang 晉昌軍節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 35
military governor of the Jinchang army 晉昌軍節度使
Appointed · Mode forged-edict Source Person Id Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 190
deputy commander of Lantian 藍田副鎮
AD 936 to AD 947 思綰主藍田副鎮 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 201
personal guard officer 牙將
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 115
Ascribed
Lowborn · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Li Su (李肅)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 206
Became
Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 34
Crime exposed
AD 936 to AD 947 有罪已發 · Accused
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 201
Entered
AD 948 乾祐元年四月 · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 75
Entered
Rebel
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 102, passage 12
extermination of the clan 族其家
AD 949 二年夏 · Clan executed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 217
capture then execution 擒…斬
Executed · Authority Guo Congyi (郭從義)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 45, 49
release after being shielded 護而脫之
AD 936 to AD 947 護而脫之 · Pardoned · Authority Li Su (李肅)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 202

Places and affiliations

Polity Later Han 漢 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 188, 191
Polity Later Han 漢朝 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 209-210
At Weifu 魏府
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 169
At Weizhou 魏州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 114
AD 948 隱帝初立
At Jingzhao 京兆 · Relation Rebelled at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 75
At Huazhou 華州 · Relation Appointed to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 213

Show 5 more source-backed claims

At Lantian 藍田 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 201
At Weifu 魏府 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 169
At Yong 雍 · Relation Rebelled at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 210
At Yongxing 永興 · Relation Based at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 34, 116
At Yongxing 永興 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 102, passage 12; New History of the Five Dynasties 30, passage 68

Works and attributed material

AD 949 二年夏
Memorial · Commissioner · With Cheng Rangneng (程讓能)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 212
AD 949 二年夏
Speech · Addressee · With Li Su (李肅) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 197-199
Memorial · Author · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞) · Paraphrased · Summary sent a memorial and imperial robes to Shouzhen
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 133
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Chang Yanqing (常彥卿)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 180
Speech · Speaker · With Chang Yanqing (常彥卿)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 30
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Qiao Shouwen (喬守溫)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 184

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 194
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 32, 38, 46, 48

Events and relationships

Accepted appointments from
Political · Appointee · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 142
Agreed to submit
AD 949 二年夏 · Political · Surrenderer · With Li Su (李肅)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 212
Asked to be tattooed first
Personal · Volunteer · With Wang Jingchong (王景崇)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 176
Beheaded in market
AD 949 二年夏 · Legal · Executed · At marketplace 市
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 217, 221
Cannibalism and drinking human gall during siege
Atrocity · Perpetrator
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 37-38
Delayed departure
AD 949 二年夏 · Political · Appointee
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 214

Show 25 more source-backed claims

Food exhausted
AD 949 二年夏 · Military · Besieged commander · At Yong 雍城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 197
Garrison turned to cannibalism
AD 948 to AD 949 經年 · Military · Besieged commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 193
Left in Jingzhao with several hundred
Military · Left in place · At Jingzhao 京兆 · With Zhao Zan (趙贊)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 173
Mustered over four thousand and prepared defenses
AD 948 翌日 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 189
Opened gates after false promise
AD 949 二年夏 · Political · Surrenderer · With Guo Congyi (郭從義) · Mode named-source-report Source Work Eastern Capital Historical Outline, biography of Guo Congyi 東都事略·郭從義傳
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 219-220
Population collapsed by starvation
AD 948 to AD 949 始思綰入城 · Military · Occupier · At Yong 雍城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 224
Rebelled
AD 948 隱帝初立 · Military · Rebel leader · At Jingzhao 京兆
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 75
Rebelled
Military · Rebel · At Yongxing 永興
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 19
Rebelled
Rebellion · Rebel · At Jingzhao 京兆
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 133
Rebelled
Rebellion · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 30, passage 68
Seized Yongxing and rebelled
Military · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 34
Seized gate sword and killed prefectural officer
Military · Attacker · At west gate 西門
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 186
Seized gates and armory and took the city
AD 948 乾祐元年三月二十四日 · Military · Commander · At Yongxing 永興
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 187-188
Seized Yong and rebelled
AD 947 to AD 948 未久 · Political · Rebel · At Yong 雍城 · Mode named-source-report Source Work Old Anecdotes of Luoyang Gentry 洛陽搢紳舊聞記
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 210
Served in command
AD 925 to AD 926 唐同光末 · Military · Retainer · With Zhao Zaili (趙在禮) · At Weicheng 魏城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 170
Stoned by townspeople at execution
AD 949 二年夏 · Legal · Victim
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 221
Swallowed human gall in wine before troops
Personal · Actor
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 194
Thanked protector
Personal · Visitor · With Li Su (李肅) · Mode named-source-report Source Work Old Anecdotes of Luoyang Gentry 洛陽搢紳舊聞記
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 202
Military · Surrendered
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 29
Relation Subordinate of · Person Zhao Zaili (趙在禮)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 170
Relation Ally of · Person Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 133, 142; New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 75, 77
Relation Submitted to · Person Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 190
Relation Ally of · Person Wang Jingchong (王景崇)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 142
Relation Subordinate of · Person Zhao Zan (趙贊)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 115
Relation Troop leader under · Person Zhao Zan (趙贊)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 171

Assessments and attributes

Assessment hated by townspeople at execution · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 221
Assessment rebellious minister and traitorous son in appearance · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Li Su (李肅)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 206
Assessment traitor / rebel minister · Mode named-source-report Source Work Taiping Guangji 太平廣記
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 196
Assessment wolf-cub ambition, never to be trusted · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Guo Congyi (郭從義)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 215
Assessment worthless and lowborn · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Lady Zhang (張夫人)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 203
AD 949 二年夏
Item family property of more than 200,000 strings 家財二十餘萬貫 · Relation Confiscated
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 223

Source notes

Two accounts of how Siwan was induced to submit and then seized.
Field surrender-and-arrest · Witness Person Id Guo Congyi (郭從義)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 212, 219
Main narrative: Li Su and Cheng Rangneng persuaded surrender, an edict appointed Siwan Huazhou retainee, then Guo Congyi and Wang Jun seized him at a farewell drink. Dongdu shilue: Guo Congyi lured him with a false promise of the Huazhou command, he opened the gates, and warriors seized him at audience.
Field manner-of-capture · Witness 東都事略·郭從義傳
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 211-213, 216-217, 219-220
Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 169, 197; New History of the Five Dynasties 30, passage 68; New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 75
From rebellion to defeat ate sixty-six human livers, cutting open the face and slicing the flesh each time
Mode named-source-report Source Work Taiping Guangji 太平廣記
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 196
Siwan's men had been Zhao Zaili's personal guards and originally bore no facial tattoos
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 175

References in the histories

Search passages

History

79 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 102Volume 102 Book of Later Jin 4: Emperor Yin Annals 2 · 7 passages

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河府李守貞、鳳翔王景崇、永興趙思綰等，比與國家素無讎釁，偶因疑懼，遂至叛違。 Li Shouzhen of Hezhong, Wang Jingchong of Fengxiang, Zhao Sizhan of Yongxing, and others have had no old enmity with the state, but through suspicion and fear came to rebel.

乙丑，永興趙思綰遣牙將劉成詣闕乞降，制授趙思綰華州節度留後、檢校太保，以永興城內都指揮使常彥卿為虢州刺史。 On yichou, Zhao Sizhan of Yongxing sent his staff general Liu Cheng to court to beg surrender. By edict Zhao Sizhan was made acting military governor of Hua and Acting Grand Guardian, and the Yongxing inner-city commander Chang Yanqing was appointed prefect of Guo.

丁巳，永興都部署郭從義奏：「新除華州留後趙思綰，自今月三日授華州留後，準詔赴任，三移行期，仍要鎧甲以給牙兵，及與之，竟不遵路。 On dingsi, the Yongxing commander-in-chief Guo Congyi memorialized: "The newly appointed acting military governor of Hua, Zhao Sizhan, was appointed on the third of this month and should by edict proceed to his post. Three times the departure date was moved, yet he still demanded armor to supply his personal guard. When it was given him, in the end he did not take the road.

至九日夕，有部曲曹彥進告，思綰欲於十一日夜與同惡五百人奔南山入蜀。 By the evening of the ninth a subordinate, Cao Yanjin, reported that Sizhan intended on the night of the eleventh, with five hundred fellow villains, to flee south into the mountains and enter Shu.

臣尋與王峻入城，分兵守四門，其趙思綰部下軍，各已執帶，遂至牙署，令趙思綰至則執之，與一行徒黨，並處置訖。」 Your servant then entered the city with Wang Jun and divided troops to guard the four gates. Sizhan's subordinate troops had all already belted on their arms. We then reached the headquarters office, seized Zhao Sizhan when he arrived, and dealt with him and his whole party of followers."

守溫受高祖命巡檢京兆，會王益自鳳翔押送趙思綰等赴闕，行至京兆，守溫迎益於郊外，思綰等突然作亂，遂據其城。 Shouwen had received Gaozu's order to inspect Jingzhao. Wang Yi was escorting Zhao Sizhan and others from Fengxiang to the capital. When they reached Jingzhao, Shouwen welcomed Yi in the suburbs, but Sizhan and the others suddenly rose in revolt and seized the city.

守溫有愛姬陷在賊城，為思綰所錄，及收城，從義盡得思綰之婢仆，守溫求其愛姬，從義雖與之，意有所慊，遂發前罪，密啟於郭威，請除之，與王益等並誅焉。 Shouwen had a beloved concubine trapped in the rebel city who had been taken by Sizhan. When the city was recovered, Congyi obtained all of Sizhan's maids and servants. Shouwen asked for his beloved concubine. Though Congyi gave her to him, he was not satisfied and exposed Shouwen's former crime, secretly reporting to Guo Wei and requesting his removal. Shouwen and Wang Yi and the others were all put to death.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 109Volume 109 Book of Later Jin 11: Biographies 6: Du Zhongwei, Li Shouzhen, Zhao Siwan · 35 passages

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未幾，趙思綰以京兆叛，遣使奉表送禦衣於守貞，守貞自謂天時人事合符於己，乃潛結草賊，令所在竊發，遣兵據潼關。 Soon Zhao Siwan rebelled at Jingzhao and sent envoys with a memorial and imperial robes for Shouzhen. Convinced that heaven and men alike favored him, Shouzhen secretly stirred bandits to rise everywhere and sent troops to seize Tong Pass.

俄而王景崇據岐下，與趙思綰遣使推奉，守貞乃自號秦王，思綰、景崇皆受守貞署置。 Soon Wang Jingchong held the Qi region. He and Zhao Siwan sent envoys to proclaim Shouzhen King of Qin, and both accepted appointments from him.

趙思綰，魏府人也。 Zhao Siwan was a native of Weifu.

唐同光末，趙在禮之據魏城也，思綰隸於帳下，累從之。 At the end of the Tongguang era, when Zhao Zaili seized Weicheng, Siwan served in his command and followed him through every campaign.

在禮卒，趙延壽籍其部曲，盡付於其子贊，思綰即其首領也。 After Zaili's death Zhao Yanshou took over his troops and gave them to his son Zan, with Siwan as their leader.

贊以久事契丹，常慮國家終不能容，乃與鳳翔侯益謀，引蜀兵為援，又令判官李恕入朝請覲，趙贊不待報赴闕，留思綰等數百人在京兆。 Having long served the Khitan, Zan feared the court would never trust him. He plotted with Hou Yi of Fengxiang to bring in Shu troops and sent his aide Li Shu to request an audience. Zan left for court without waiting for permission, leaving Siwan and several hundred men in Jingzhao.

會高祖遣王景崇等西赴鳳翔，行次京兆，時思綰等數百人在焉。 Gaozu then sent Wang Jingchong west toward Fengxiang. Passing through Jingzhao, they found Siwan and his several hundred men still there.

思綰等比是趙在禮禦士，本不刺面，景崇、齊藏珍既至京兆，欲令文面，以防逋逸。 Siwan's men had been Zhao Zaili's personal guards and bore no facial tattoos. When Jingchong and Qi Zangzhen reached Jingzhao they wanted to tattoo their faces to prevent desertion.

景崇微露風旨，思綰厲聲先請自刺，以率其下，景崇壯之。 Jingchong hinted at the plan. Siwan loudly volunteered to be tattooed first, to set an example for his men, and Jingchong admired his spirit.

藏珍竊言曰：「思綰粗暴難制，不如殺之。」 Zangzhen whispered, "Siwan is violent and ungovernable. Better kill him."

朝廷聞之，遣供奉官王益部署思綰等赴闕。 When the court learned of this it sent Palace Attendant Wang Yi to escort Siwan and his men to the capital.

思綰既發，行至途中，謂其黨常彥卿曰：「小太尉已入他手，吾輩至，則並死矣。」 On the road Siwan told his follower Chang Yanqing, "The Little Grand Guardian is already in their hands. When we reach the capital we will all die together."

思綰前曰：「部下軍士已在城東安下，緣家屬在城，欲各將家今夜便宿城東。」 Siwan stepped forward and said, "My men are already encamped east of the city. Our families are inside, and each man wishes to bring them out to camp east of the walls tonight."

思綰等辭去，與部下並無兵仗，才入西門，有州校坐門側，思綰遽奪其佩劍，即斬之。 Siwan and his men left unarmed. Just inside the west gate a prefectural officer sat by the gate; Siwan snatched his sword and killed him on the spot.

思綰劫庫兵以授之，遂據其城，時乾祐元年三月二十四日也。 Siwan seized the armory and armed his men, then took the city on the twenty-fourth day of the third month of the first Qianyou year.

尋遣人送款於河中，李守貞遣使賫偽詔授思綰晉昌軍節度使、檢校太尉。 He soon sent envoys to submit to Li Shouzhen at Hezhong, who replied with a forged edict making him military governor of Jinchang and acting Grand Commandant.

思綰嘗對眾取人膽以酒吞之，告眾曰：「吞此至一千，即膽氣無敵矣。」 Siwan once swallowed a human gall bladder in wine before his troops and declared, "Swallow a thousand of these and your courage will know no match."

〈（《太平廣記》：賊臣趙思綰自倡亂至敗，凡食人肝六十六，無不面剖而膾之。）〉 (Taiping guangji: From rebellion to defeat the traitor Zhao Siwan ate sixty-six human livers, each time slicing the flesh from the face.)〉

二年夏，食既盡，思綰計無從出，時左驍衛上將軍致仕李肅寓居城中，因與判官程讓能同言於思綰曰：「太尉比與國家無嫌，但負罪懼誅，遂為急計。 In the summer of the second year, with food exhausted and no way out, retired Left Brave Guards senior general Li Su, living in the city, spoke with aide Cheng Rangneng to Siwan: "Your Excellency had no quarrel with the throne. You rebelled only from fear of execution.

今朝廷三處用兵，一城未下，太尉若翻然效順，率先歸命，以功補過，庶幾無患。 The court is fighting on three fronts and has not yet taken one city. If you turn back now and surrender first, your service may yet redeem your fault.

〈（《洛陽搢紳舊聞記》：思綰主藍田副鎮，有罪已發。 (Old Anecdotes of Luoyang Gentry: Siwan held the deputy post at Lantian, and his crime had already been exposed.

李公肅時為環衛將兼雍耀三白渠使、雍耀莊宅使、節度副使，權軍府事，護而脫之，來謝於李公。 Li Su was then a general of the guards, also serving as commissioner of the Three White Canals and estates of Yong and Yao and as deputy military governor with charge of headquarters affairs. He shielded Siwan and secured his release, and Siwan came to thank him.

公歸宅，張夫人詰之曰：「趙思綰庸賤人，公何以免其禍？ When he returned home, Lady Zhang demanded, "Zhao Siwan is a worthless man—why did you spare him?

思綰者雖賤類，審觀其狀貌，真亂臣賊子，恨位下未有朕跡，不然，除去之，可也。」 Siwan is lowborn, but study his face and bearing and he is plainly a traitor in waiting. I regret only that his rank is still low and he has given no overt sign of rebellion; otherwise I would have removed him."

未久，思綰過雍，遂閉門據雍城叛，衣冠之族，遭塗炭者眾，公全家免禍。 Before long Siwan passed through Yong, shut the gates, and rebelled from the city. Many gentry families were ruined, but the Li household escaped harm.

終以計勸思綰納款，遂拔雍城。）〉 In the end he persuaded Siwan to surrender by stratagem, and Yong was recovered.)〉

思綰然之，即令讓能為章表，遣牙將劉成琦入朝。 Siwan agreed, had Rangneng draft a memorial, and sent junior officer Liu Chengqi to court.

制授思綰華州留後、檢校太保，以常彥卿為虢州刺史，遣內臣賫官告國信賜之。 An edict appointed him acting military governor of Huazhou and acting Grand Guardian, made Chang Yanqing prefect of Guozhou, and sent a palace official with commissions and imperial credentials.

既而從義、王峻等緩轡入城，陳列步騎至牙署，遣人召思綰曰：「太保登途，不暇出祖，對飲一杯，便申仳別。」 Congyi and Wang Jun then entered the city at an easy pace, drew up infantry and cavalry at headquarters, and summoned Siwan with the message, "The Grand Guardian is departing and has no time for a full farewell—share one cup with us and we part."

思綰至，則執之，遂斬於市，並族其家。 When Siwan came they seized him, executed him in the market, and exterminated his clan.

〈（《東都事略·郭從義傳》云：思綰困甚，從義遣人誘之，佯許以華州節鉞。 (Eastern Capital Historical Outline, biography of Guo Congyi: Siwan was desperate. Congyi sent envoys to lure him with a false promise of the Huazhou command.

思綰信之，遂開門送款，從義入城，思綰謁見，即遣武士執之。）〉 Siwan believed him, opened the gates, and submitted. Congyi entered the city; when Siwan came to audience, warriors seized him at once.)〉

思綰臨刑，市人爭投瓦石以擊之，軍吏不能禁。 At his execution the townspeople hurled tiles and stones at him until the guards could not hold them back.

籍思綰家財，得二十餘萬貫，入於官。 His property was inventoried at more than two hundred thousand strings, all seized for the state.

始思綰入城，丁口僅十餘萬，及開城，惟餘萬人而已，其餓殍之數可知矣。 When Siwan seized the city it had a registered population of barely a hundred thousand. When the gates were opened again, only about ten thousand remained—the toll of starvation speaks for itself.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 130Volume 130 Book of Later Zhou 32: Biographies 10: Wang Jun, Murong Yanchao, Yan Honglu, Cui Zhoudu · 1 passage

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及趙思綰作亂於永興，漢隱帝命郭從義討之，以峻為兵馬都監。 When Zhao Siwan rose in rebellion at Yongxing, Emperor Yindi of Later Han ordered Guo Congyi to crush him and appointed Jun director of armies and cavalry.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu, Emperor Yin · 4 passages

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壬午，永興軍將趙思綰叛附於李守貞，客省使王峻帥師屯於關西。 On renwu Zhao Sizhen of Yongxing mutinied to Li Shouzhen’s side, and Wang Jun, guest commissioner, encamped with an army west of the Pass.

九月，西面行營都虞候尚弘遷及趙思綰戰，敗績。 In the ninth month Shang Hongqian, deputy of the Western Campaign, met Zhao Sizhen and suffered defeat.

乙丑，趙思綰降。 On yichou Zhao Sizhen surrendered.

秋七月丁巳，郭威殺華州留後趙思綰於京兆。 On dingsi in the seventh month of autumn Guo Wei executed Zhao Sizhen, rear commander of Huazhou, at Jingzhao.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Later Zhou Annals 2: Taizu · 2 passages

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是歲三月，河中李守貞、永興趙思綰、鳳翔王景崇相次反，隱帝遣白文珂、郭從義、常思等分討之，久皆無功。 In the third month of that year Li Shouzhen at Hezhong, Zhao Sixian at Yongxing, and Wang Jingchong at Fengxiang rose one after another. The Hidden Emperor dispatched Bai Wenke, Guo Congyi, Chang Si, and others on separate campaigns, yet month after month they could not break the rebels.

乃治攻具，為期日，四面攻之，破其羅城，守貞與妻子自焚死，思綰、景崇相次降。 He readied assault machines, fixed the assault for a set day, and stormed from every quarter until the outer wall fell. Shouzhen perished with his family in the flames; Sixian and Jingchong submitted one after the other.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 30Volume 30 Later Han Biographies 10: Su Fengji, Shi Hongzhao, Yang Bin, Wang Zhang, Liu Zhu, Li Ye, Nie Wenjin, Hou Zan, Guo Yunming · 1 passage

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隱帝時，河中李守貞、鳳翔王景崇、永興趙思綰等皆反，關西用兵，人情恐懼，京師之民，流言以相驚恐。 Under the Deposed Emperor, Li Shouzhen of Hezhong, Wang Jingchong of Fengxiang, Zhao Siwan of Yongxing, and others rebelled. War opened in the western passes; fear ran through the realm. In the capital rumor fed rumor.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Miscellaneous Biographies 30: Wang Jun, Wang Yin, Liu Ci, Wang Huan, Zhe Congruan · 1 passage

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漢遣郭從義討趙思綰，以峻監其軍。 Han sent Guo Congyi against Zhao Sizhen and made Jun supervise the army.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 52Volume 52 Miscellaneous Biographies 32: Du Zhongwei, Li Zhouzhen, Zhang Yanze · 6 passages

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而趙思綰先以京兆反，遣人以赭黃衣遺守貞，守貞大喜，以為天人皆應，乃發兵西據潼關，招誘草寇，所在竊發。 Zhao Siwan had already rebelled at Jingzhao and sent someone with an imperial-yellow robe to Shouzhen. Shouzhen was greatly pleased, thinking heaven and men both responded. He raised troops, seized Tong Pass in the west, and recruited bandits, who rose everywhere.

已而王景崇又以鳳翔反，景崇與思綰遣人推守貞為秦王，守貞拜景崇等官爵。 Before long Wang Jingchong also rebelled at Fengxiang. Jingchong and Siwen sent men to urge Shouzhen as King of Qin. Shouzhen invested Jingchong and the others with titles.

文珂等攻景崇、思綰等久無功，隱帝乃遣樞密使郭威率禁兵將文珂等督攻之。 Wenke and the others had long attacked Jingchong and Siwen without success. Emperor Yin sent Grand Councilor Guo Wei to lead palace troops and take command of Wenke and the others to press the assault.

諸將皆請先擊思綰、景崇，威計未知所向。 All the generals asked to strike Siwen and Jingchong first. Wei had not yet decided which way to turn.

行至華州，節度使扈彥珂謂威曰：「三叛連衡，以守貞為主，守貞先敗，則思綰、景崇可傳聲而破矣。 Reaching Huazhou, Military Governor Hu Yanke said to Wei, "The three rebels are allied with Shouzhen as their head. If Shouzhen falls first, Siwen and Jingchong can be broken by rumor alone.