Zhang Qian (張汧) | 24 Histories

Overview

Zhang Qian was a Provincial Governor.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1688 二十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 187
AD 1687 二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 41
AD 1688 康熙二十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 101
AD 1690 康熙二十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 275, passage 97
AD 1687 康熙二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 130
AD 1685 康熙二十四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passage 59

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Huguang Governor 湖廣巡撫
AD 1687 康熙二十六年 · Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 132
Huguang Governor 湖廣巡撫
AD 1687 二十六年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 41
former Fujian administration commissioner; Huguang governor 前布政使；湖廣巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 275, passage 97
Fujian provincial treasurer 福建布政使
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 134
Huguang Governor 湖廣巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 129
stripped of office 奪官
Dismissed · Authority Kangxi Emperor (上)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 132

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Punished
AD 1687 二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 271, passage 45
strangulation 絞
Sentenced
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 134
fell on corruption charges 以贓敗
Suffered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 275, passage 98

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 275, passage 97
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 122
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 129
At Fujian 福建 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 134
At Huguang 湖廣 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 129

Works and attributed material

Critique · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 122

Events and relationships

Denounced courier abuses
Scholarly · Critic
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 122
Found to have covered treasury deficits through subordinates and forcibly collected ninety thousand taels from salt merchants
Legal · Accused · Outcome Sentence of strangulation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 134
Relation Subordinate of · Person Zu Zeshen (祖澤深)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 134
Relation Protege of · Person Mingzhu (明珠)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 101; Draft History of Qing 282, passage 129

Assessments and attributes

Assessment corrupt extortion of salt franchises, money bureaus, ferry landings, and Hankou shop-sign levies · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Chen Zizhi (陳紫芝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 130
Assessment courier administration was corrupt and abusive · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Zhang Qian (張汧)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passages 122-123
Assessment greedy and violent, relying on power; remonstrance officials dared not expose him · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 129

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 101

References in the histories

Search passages

History

21 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 141Volume 141 Treatises 116: Military 12, Horse Administration · 1 passage

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驛政弊壞，張汧嘗極言之。 Zhang Qian once spoke forcefully about the corruption of courier administration.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 269Volume 269 Biographies 56: Suo Etu, Ming Zhu · 1 passage

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蔡毓榮、張汧皆明珠所薦引者也，迨得罪按治，恐累舉者，傅輕比，上諭斥，始定。 Cai Yurong and Zhang Qian had both been Mingzhu's protégés; when they were prosecuted, officials proposed leniency lest their patrons be implicated, until the emperor rebuked them and the sentences stood.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 271Volume 271 Biographies 58: Xu Qianxue, Wang Hongxu, Gao Shiqi · 8 passages

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湖廣巡撫張汧亦明珠私人，先是命色楞額往讞上荊南道祖澤深婪贓各款，並察汧有無穢跡，色楞額悉爲庇隱。 Huguang Governor Zhang Gan was another of Mingzhu's clients; Selenge had earlier been sent to try Zu Zeshen, intendant of Jingnan Circuit, on charges of corruption and to look into Zhang Gan as well, but Selenge covered up everything.

御史陳紫芝劾汧貪黷，命副都御史開音布會巡撫於成龍、馬齊覆訊，汧、澤深事倶實，復得澤深交結大學士餘國柱爲囑色楞額徇庇及汧遣人赴京行賄狀，下法司嚴議。 Censor Chen Zizhi impeached Zhang Gan for corruption; Vice Censor-in-Chief Kaiyinbu was sent with Governors Yu Chenglong and Ma Qi to reinvestigate; both men's guilt was confirmed, and investigators also uncovered Zeshen's dealings with Grand Secretary Yu Guozhu to secure Selenge's protection and Zhang Gan's bribery agents in the capital; the judiciary was ordered to rule severely.

時國柱已爲琇劾罷，法司請檄追質訊，並詰汧行賄何人，汧指乾學。 Yu Guozhu had already been impeached out of office by Guo Xiu; the judiciary asked to summon him for questioning and pressed Zhang Gan on who had received his bribes; Gan named Qianxue.

於是但論汧、澤深、色楞額如律，事遂寢。 Only Zhang Gan, Zu Zeshen, and Selenge were punished according to law, and the affair was closed.

前任湖北巡撫張汧橫肆汙衊，縁臣爲憲長，拒其幣問，是以銜憾誣攀。 Former Huguang Governor Zhang Gan has slandered me wantonly; as his superior in the censorate I refused his gifts, and he bears a grudge and has falsely dragged me in.

副都御史許三禮劾乾學：「律身不嚴，爲張汧所引。 Vice Censor-in-Chief Xu Sanli impeached Qianxue: "He has not kept his conduct strict and was named by Zhang Gan.

二十七年，山東巡撫張汧以齎銀赴京行賄事發，逮治，獄辭渉士奇。 In year 27 Shandong Governor Zhang Qian was caught bringing silver to Beijing to bribe officials; when the case broke he was arrested, and the testimony implicated Gao Shiqi.

張汧無端疑怨，含沙汚衊，臣將無以自明，幸賴聖明在上，誣構難施。 Zhang Qian nursed groundless resentment and smeared me with innuendo; I could not have cleared my name but for the emperor's clear judgment, which thwarted the slander.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 275Volume 275 Biographies 62: Ge Er Gu De, Zhao Shilin, Guo Shilong, Fu Lata, Ma Rulong · 2 passages

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上聞疑之，命世隆往按，發仲舉與前布政使張汧竄改賦冊、侵隱已徵額銀捏作民欠，又汧遷湖廣巡撫虧福建庫帑三十餘萬，仲舉前任湖南布政亦虧帑，相約互抵； The emperor grew suspicious and sent Shilong to investigate. He found that Zhongju and former Administration Commissioner Zhang Qian had altered tax registers, concealed collected revenues, and fabricated popular arrears; Zhang Qian, now Huguang governor, had left Fujian's treasury short more than three hundred thousand taels, and Zhongju had done the same in Hunan—they had agreed to cover for each other;

嗣仲舉聞汧以贓敗，而福建庫尚未完，飭屬代為彌縫，左證悉合。 and when Zhang Qian fell on corruption charges while Fujian's books were still short, Zhongju ordered subordinates to paper over the gap—all evidence aligned.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 282Volume 282 Biographies 69: Jiang Xizhe, Yu Jin, De Ge Lei, Chen Zizhi, Ren Hongjia, Gao Cengyun, Shen Kaiceng, Gong Xianglin, Gao Xiachang · 6 passages

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湖廣巡撫張汧，大學士明珠所私也，恃勢貪暴，言路莫敢摘發。 Huguang Governor Zhang Qian was a protégé of Grand Secretary Mingzhu; relying on his power he was greedy and violent, and no censor dared expose him.

二十六年，紫芝上疏劾之，言：「汧蒞任未久，黷貨多端，凡地方鹽引、錢局、船埠，靡不搜括，甚至漢口市肆招牌，亦按數派錢。 In the twenty-sixth year Zizhi memorialized to impeach him, stating: "Qian has not long held his post, yet he is corrupt in many ways; he extorts every local salt franchise, money bureau, and ferry landing, even levying money by count on shop signs in Hankou market.

上命奪汧官，遣直隸巡撫於成龍、山西巡撫馬齊、副都御史開音布往按治。 The emperor stripped Qian of office and dispatched Zhili Governor Yu Chenglong, Shanxi Governor Ma Qi, and Vice Censor-in-Chief Kai Yinbu to investigate.

复諭廷臣，謂汧貪婪無人敢言，紫芝獨能彈劾，即予內升。 He again told the court that Qian was greedy yet no one dared speak, while Zizhi alone impeached him, and immediately granted him promotion within the capital.

成龍等按得汧以前官福建布政使虧帑令屬吏彌補，又派收鹽商銀九萬，上荊南道祖澤深婪取於民又八萬，讞上，論絞。 Chenglong and the others found that as Fujian provincial treasurer Qian had covered treasury deficits through subordinates and forcibly collected ninety thousand taels from salt merchants; his superior Zu Zeshen had greedily taken another eighty thousand from the people; the verdict called for strangulation.

保舉汧為巡撫者，侍郎王遵訓、學士盧琦、大理寺丞任辰旦，皆坐奪官。 Wang Zunxun, Lu Qi, and Ren Chendan, who had recommended Qian as governor, were all stripped of office.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 287Volume 287 Biographies 74: Tong Guo Wei, Ma Qi, A Ling A, Kui Xu, E Lundai · 3 passages

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尋命偕成龍、開音布往按湖廣巡撫張汧貪黷狀。 Soon he was ordered to join Yu Chenglong and Kaiyinbu in investigating Huguang Governor Zhang Han's corruption.

初命侍郎色楞額往按上荊南道祖澤深，並令察汧，色楞額曲庇，不以實陳。 Initially Vice Minister Selenge had been sent to investigate Shangjing Circuit Intendant Zu Zeshen and also to examine Zhang Han; Selenge covered for them and did not report truthfully.

馬齊與成龍覆按，具得汧、澤深貪墨狀，並色楞額論罪如律。 Ma Qi and Yu Chenglong reinvestigated, fully established Zhang Han's and Zu Zeshen's corruption, and Selenge was punished by law.