Overview
Yelü Xian was an emperor of Liao.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Xianning | 賢寧 | Xiánníng |
| Childhood name | Mingyi | 明扆 | Míngyǐ |
| Posthumous name | Emperor the Filial Accomplished, Peaceful and Tranquil | 孝成康靖皇帝 | |
| Temple name | Jingzong | 景宗 | Jǐngzōng |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 983 統和元年Burial Qian Mausoleum 乾陵Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 27
- AD 982 乾亨四年秋九月壬子At En: Unknown · Zh: UnknownDirectly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 204
- AD 982 四年Illness · At Jiaoshan traveling palace 焦山行在Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passages 134-135
- AD 983 景宗乾亨五年二月，神柩升辒京車Strongly inferred · History of Liao 58, passage 66
- Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 82, passage 94
Age
- 35Reckoning SuiDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 136
- 4AD 951 察割之亂 · Reckoning SuiDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 4
Attested activity
- AD 969 應曆十九年春二月戊辰Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 9
- AD 979 乾亨元年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 34; History of Liao 83, passage 9
- AD 979 乾亨初Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 78, passage 53
- AD 979 始鑄乾亨新錢Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 34
- AD 983 統和元年Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 138
- AD 983 統和元年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 10, passages 27, 151
Show 37 more source-backed claims
- AD 969 應歷十九年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 78, passages 45, 47
- AD 980 二年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 78
- AD 981 三年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 103
- AD 971 保寧三年Directly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 90
- AD 982 乾亨四年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 10, passage 204
- AD 982 四年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 124
- AD 982 景宗乾亨四年Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 13
- AD 983 景宗乾亨五年二月Directly stated · History of Liao 58, passage 66
- AD 973 五年Directly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 93
- AD 979 to AD 983 乾亨Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 79, passage 47
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 12
- AD 977 九年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 1
- AD 975 保寧七年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 103
- AD 971 保寧三年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 37
- AD 970 保寧二年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 29
- AD 973 保寧五年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 74
- AD 969 保寧元年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passages 13, 15
- AD 969 保寧元年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 83, passage 171
- AD 976 保寧八年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 119
- AD 974 保寧六年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 96
- AD 969 保寧初Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 78, passages 48-49; History of Liao 86, passage 12
- AD 972 保寧四年Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 65
- AD 978 十年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 24
- AD 951 察割之亂Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 84, passages 25, 27
- AD 969 to AD 982 景、聖二宗Directly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 14
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passages 25, 93, 109; History of Liao 67, passage 53
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 65, passage 66
- AD 969 景宗Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 38
- AD 969 景宗即位Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 142; History of Liao 84, passage 6; History of Liao 85, passage 90
- AD 969 景宗即位Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 34; History of Liao 108, passage 66
- AD 960 to AD 969 景宗在潛Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 61, passage 85
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗孝成康靖皇帝Directly stated · History of Liao 66, passage 499
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗彰湣宮Strongly inferred · History of Liao 45, passage 313
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗時Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 88, passage 43
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗朝Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 116, passage 125
- AD 969 景宗立Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 79, passages 37-38
- AD 969 to AD 982 景宗領數騎獵焉Directly stated · History of Liao 32, passage 43
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kin of Yansage (罨撒葛)Imperial Grand Uncle 皇太叔 · 2 generationsDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 67
- Spouse of Bohai Consort (渤海妃)consort 妃 · Secondary marriageStrongly inferred · History of Liao 65, passage 91
- Parent of Guanyinnü (觀音女)daughter 女Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 66, 68
- Parent of Changshounü (長壽女)daughter 女Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 66, 76
- Parent of Yanshounü (延壽女)daughter 女Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 66, 84
- Parent of Shuge (淑哥)daughter 女Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 66, 92
- Ancestor of Helu (合祿)descent line from 係出 · paternal lineDirectly stated · History of Liao 66, passages 491, 499
- Sibling of Hou (吼)elder brother 皇兄 · Full siblingsDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 52
- Sibling of Zhimu (質睦)elder half-brother 庶兄 · Paternal half siblingsDirectly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 8
- Parent of Emperor Shengzong of Liao (遼聖宗)eldest son 長子
imperial son 皇子
father 父
prince/son 皇子
son 子 - Kin of Aunt of Emperor Jingzong (帝姨母)emperor's aunt 姨母Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passage 44
- Spouse of Wise Empress Dowager (睿智皇后)Marriage
empress consort 皇后
empress 後
empress 皇后Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 84, passages 6, 18; History of Liao 67, passage 53; History of Liao 78, passage 49; History of Liao 65, passage 67 - Spouse of Empress Dowager (皇太后)empress 皇后Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 94
- Spouse of Empress Xiao (蕭皇后)empress 皇后
empress 皇后 · Primary marriageSources vary in certainty · History of Liao 9, passage 137; History of Liao 8, passage 22; History of Liao 72, passage 162 - Spouse of Empress Ruizhi (睿智皇后蕭氏)empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · WidowedDirectly stated · History of Liao 10, passages 3, 204, 206
- Spouse of Empress (皇后)empress 皇后Strongly inferred · History of Liao 83, passage 174
- Parent of Han Ba (韓八)imperial son 皇子Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 105
- Parent of Longqing (隆慶)imperial son 皇子Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 78
- Child of Empress Huaijie (懷節皇后)mother 母Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 3
- Child of Muzong (穆宗)raised 養 · Foster parentageDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 5
- Child of Wuyu (兀欲)son 子Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 3
- Kinship Role daughters · Count 4Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 66
Key source chapters
- History of Liao, Chapter 8 Volume 8 Annals 8: Jingzong 1 37 passages
- History of Liao, Chapter 9 Volume 9 Annals 9: Jingzong 2 22 passages
- History of Liao, Chapter 83 Volume 83 Biographies 13: Yelu Xiuge, Yelu Xiezhen, Yelu Xidi, Yelu Xuegu 9 passages
- History of Liao, Chapter 79 Volume 79 Biographies 9: Shi Fang, Yelu Xianshi, Nu Li, Guo Xi, Yelu Ameili 7 passages
- History of Liao, Chapter 74 Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu 4 passages
Career and standing
- Emperor Tianzan 天贊皇帝ReceivedDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 13
- AscendedDirectly stated · History of Liao 108, passage 66
- AD 969 應曆十九年At before the coffin 柩前Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passages 9-10, 12
- AD 969 應歷十九年Directly stated · History of Liao 78, passage 47
- AD 969 to AD 982 在位十三年Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 136
- AD 969 景宗即位Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 34
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- AD 969 景宗立Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passage 38
Places and affiliations
- Polity Liao 遼 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 13
- Polity Id liao · Relation Associated withDirectly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 142
- Polity Id liao · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 1; History of Liao 9, passages 1, 135; History of Liao 10, passage 3; History of Liao 11, passage 98; History of Liao 12, passage 113; History of Liao 21, passage 44; History of Liao 31, passage 25; History of Liao 32, passage 43; History of Liao 39, passage 16; History of Liao 45, passage 313; History of Liao 60, passage 34; History of Liao 61, passage 86; History of Liao 65, passage 66; History of Liao 66, passage 499; History of Liao 78, passage 47; History of Liao 79, passage 38; History of Liao 86, passage 34; History of Liao 88, passage 43; History of Liao 108, passage 66; History of Liao 116, passage 125
- Polity Id liao · Relation Served
- AD 979 乾亨元年At Nanjing 南京 · Relation Encamped atDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 77
- AD 980 二年At Swallow City 燕子城 · Relation Resided atDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 84
Show 4 more source-backed claims
- AD 982 四年At Western Capital 西京 · Relation Traveled toDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 132
- At tomb south of Zu prefecture 祖州南 · Relation Buried atDirectly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 97
- At Yongxing Palace 永興宮 · Relation Resided atDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 5
- At Zhangmin Palace 彰湣宮 · Relation Eponym ofDirectly stated · History of Liao 45, passage 313
Works and attributed material
- spared the crouching tigerAction · ActorDirectly stated · History of Liao 32, passage 43
- Edict · Author · testamentary edict naming Longxu successorDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 137
- Inscription · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 35
- Speech · Speaker · With Han Kuangsi (韓匡嗣) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Liao 74, passages 131-135
- Speech · Speaker · With Xiyin (喜隱)Directly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 87
- Speech · Speaker · With Yelu Sahe (耶律撒合) · Direct quotationStrongly inferred · History of Liao 85, passages 125-126
Show 3 more source-backed claims
- Speech · Speaker · Quote falseDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 9
- Speech · Speaker · Quote trueDirectly stated · History of Liao 83, passages 31, 171
- Speech · SpeakerDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 91
Events and relationships
- Beaten released ShiruliDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 93
- Cast Qianheng coinAD 979 始鑄乾亨新錢 · Administrative · IssuerDirectly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 34
- Discussed current affairsDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 7
- Era change and amnestyAD 979 乾亨元年 · Ritual · OfficiantDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 74
- Zhangmin Palace 彰湣宮AD 969 to AD 982 彰湣宮 · Institutional · Founder · Established · Organization Jianmu orudo 監母斡魯朵Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 93
- Executed denouncing slaveDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 92
Show 19 more source-backed claims
- Executed YeligeDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 86
- Fought atAD 982 四年 · Military · Commander · At Mancheng 滿城 · Outcome UnfavorableDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 127
- Hunted and sacrificedAD 977 九年 · Ritual · Officiant · At near capital 近郊Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 23
- Hunted and spared tigerAD 969 to AD 982 景宗領數騎獵焉 · Hunting · Hunter · At Crouching Tiger Forest 伏虎林Directly stated · History of Liao 32, passage 43
- Led southern campaignAD 982 四年 · Military · CommanderDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 126
- Offered at templesAD 970 保寧二年四月 · Ritual · Offerer · At Eastern Capital 東京Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 30
- Ordered empress pronouns 朕 予AD 976 保寧八年二月 · Administrative · IssuerDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 120
- Performed firewood enthronementAD 969 保寧元年十一月 · Ritual · Actor · At Mount Muye 木葉山Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 27
- Rebinding XiyinDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passages 87-88
- Released and enfeoffedDirectly stated · History of Liao 108, passage 66
- Released prisonersLegal · RulerDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 89
- Restored Bell CourtLegal · RulerDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 90
- Sacrificed at tombDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 52
- Spirit coffin with outer guard escortAD 983 乾亨五年二月 · Funeral · DeceasedDirectly stated · History of Liao 58, passage 66
- Temple ritesRitual · HonoreeDirectly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 44
- Traveled westAD 978 十年 · Travel · PrincipalDated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 27
- Went toAD 978 十年 · Travel · Principal · At Chang Marsh 長濼Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 24
- Relation Associate of · Person Han Kuangsi (韓匡嗣)Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passage 37
- Relation Associate of · Person Nüli (女裏)Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passages 37, 98
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment capable endowment, employed men without suspicion, matched reward and punishment · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 117
- Assessment drained state strength to aid Hedong without saving Han; gains from Song did not offset losses · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passages 118-119
- Assessment knew Kuangsi guilt but withheld punishment; accepted Guo Xi remonstrance without using it; favored heterodox monk Zhaomin · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Liao 9, passages 120-123
- Assessment slow to pursue Yingli rebels · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 95
- Assessment superior in weighing expedients and concluding with ritual · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Liao 61, passage 14
- Item portrait hall 御容殿 · Relation Commemorated inDirectly stated · History of Liao 39, passage 16
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 1; History of Liao 60, passage 34; History of Liao 65, passage 66
- His nurses (保母), together with his aunt and favored officials, wielded blazing influence and attracted bribes.Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passage 44
References in the histories
122 passages
No matching passages.