Han Kuangsi (韓匡嗣)

Overview

Han Kuangsi was a prince of Qin and Southwestern Campaign Commissioner.

Life and dates

Death

AD 985 三年秋七月甲子
Stated true
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 171
AD 981 乾亨三年
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 140
AD 982 乾亨四年
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 215

Attested activity

AD 979 乾亨元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 67
AD 979 乾亨元年冬
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 83, passage 13
AD 960 應歷十年
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 114
AD 969 應曆十九年
Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 7
AD 981 三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 9, passage 107
AD 981 乾亨三年
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 140

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AD 982 乾亨四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 10, passage 215
AD 979 是年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 84, passage 18
AD 979 是年冬
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 84, passage 83
AD 969 to AD 982 景宗
Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 7
AD 951 to AD 969 應歷
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 79, passage 37
AD 977 to AD 979 保寧末
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 119
AD 969 景宗即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 117
AD 969 to AD 982 景宗時
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 86, passage 37

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Han Derang (韓德讓)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 7; History of Liao 74, passage 142; History of Liao 86, passage 37
Parent of Han Deyuan (韓德源)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 142
Parent of Han Dewei (韓德威)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 142
Parent of Han Dechong (韓德崇)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 142
Parent of Han Dening (韓德凝)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 142
Child of Han Zhigu (韓知古)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passages 105, 112

Kinship Role sons · Count 5
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 142

Key source chapters

Career and standing

commander-in-chief 都統
AD 979 乾亨元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 67
Southwest Route pacification commissioner 西南面招討使
AD 981 三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 107
acting privy commissioner 攝樞密使
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 119
Jinchang Army military commissioner 晉昌軍節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 139
Nanjing defender 南京留守
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 118
Southwest Route pacification commissioner 西南面招討使
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 140

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Taizu temple xiangwen 太祖廟詳穩
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 114
Upper Capital defender 上京留守
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 117
Regent 留守
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 37
southwestern campaign commissioner 西南面招討使
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 215
Southwestern Frontier Pacification Commissioner 西南面招討使
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 7
Director of the Department of State Affairs 尚書令
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 176
Jinchang Army Military Commissioner 晉昌軍節度使
AD 979 乾亨元年 · Remotely appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 75
honored father 尚父
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 176
Director of State Affairs 尚書令
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 141
Prince of Qin 秦王
AD 979 乾亨元年 · Demoted to
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 75
Prince of Yan 燕王
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 118
Prince of Qin 秦王
AD 991 統和九年五月己未 · Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 13, passage 55
Prince of Qin 秦王
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 171
Prince of Yan 燕王
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 67; History of Liao 82, passage 72
Entered
Deceased
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 171
Crimes enumerated then pardoned
AD 979 乾亨元年 · Pardoned
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 71
beaten and spared 杖而免之
Punished · Authority Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 138

Places and affiliations

Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 8, passage 7; History of Liao 13, passage 55
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 67; History of Liao 10, passage 171; History of Liao 74, passage 117; History of Liao 84, passage 18; History of Liao 86, passage 37
AD 991 統和九年五月己未
At Quan Prefecture 全州 · Relation Associated private city became
Directly stated · History of Liao 13, passage 55

Learning and skills

Skill medicine 醫 · Level skilled
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 113

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · With Yelü Hugu (耶律虎古)
Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 72
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 121

Events and relationships

Accompanied court north
Travel · Escort
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 37
Burial rites overseen
AD 985 三年冬十一月甲戌 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 198
Defeated at Mancheng
Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passages 123, 130
Defeated
Military · Commander · At Mancheng 滿城
Directly stated · History of Liao 83, passages 14, 21
Fought at
AD 979 乾亨元年 · Military · Commander · At Mancheng 滿城 · Outcome Defeat
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 69
Granted burial goods
AD 985 三年秋七月甲子 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · History of Liao 10, passage 171

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Relation Treated as son by · Person Shulu (舒嚕氏)
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 113
Relation Associate of · Person Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Directly stated · History of Liao 79, passage 37
Relation Close to · Person Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 116

Assessments and attributes

Assessment crimes known but unpunished by Jingzong · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 9, passage 120
AD 991 統和九年五月己未
Item private fortified town 私城 · Relation Owned
Directly stated · History of Liao 13, passage 55

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Liao 8, passage 7

References in the histories

Search passages

History

44 passages

History of Liao, Chapter 8Volume 8 Annals 8: Jingzong 1 · 1 passage

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帝一日與韓匡嗣語及時事，耶律賢適止之。 One day the Emperor spoke with Han Kuangsi about current affairs, and Yelü Xianshi cut him off.

History of Liao, Chapter 9Volume 9 Annals 9: Jingzong 2 · 6 passages

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九月己卯，燕王韓匡嗣為都統，南府宰相耶律沙為監軍，惕隱休哥、南院大王斜軫、權奚王抹只等各率所部兵南伐； On jimao day in the ninth month Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi was named commander-in-chief, Southern Court chancellor Yelü Sha army supervisor, and tithen Xiuge, Southern Court Great King Xiezhen, acting Xi King Mochi, and others were each ordered south with their commands;

冬十月乙丑，韓匡嗣與宋兵戰於滿城，敗績。 On yichou day in the tenth winter month Han Kuangsi fought Song at Mancheng and suffered defeat.

乙亥，詔數韓匡嗣五罪，赦之。 On yihai day an edict listed five crimes of Han Kuangsi and then pardoned him.

十二月乙卯，燕王韓匡嗣遙授晉昌軍節度使，降封秦王。 On yimao day in the twelfth month Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi was remotely made Jinchang Army Military Commissioner and reduced in rank to Prince of Qin.

以秦王韓匡嗣為西南面招討使。 Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi was appointed Southwest Route pacification commissioner.

知匡嗣之罪，數而不罰； He knew Kuangsi's guilt, listed his crimes, yet withheld punishment;

History of Liao, Chapter 10Volume 10 Annals 10: Shengzong 1 · 4 passages

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辛未，西南面招討使秦王韓匡嗣薨。 On xinwei day Han Kuangsi, Prince of Qin and southwestern campaign commissioner, died.

甲子，遣郎君班賜秦王韓匡嗣葬物。 On jiazi day the langjun corps was dispatched to grant burial goods to Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi.

以平章事蕭道寧為昭德軍節度使，武定軍節度使、守司空兼政事令郭襲為天平軍節度使，大同軍節度使、守太子太師兼政事令劉延構為義成軍節度使，贈尚父秦王韓匡嗣尚書令。 Co-chancellor Xiao Daoning was appointed Zhaode Army military commissioner; Wuding Army Military Commissioner, acting Minister of Works and concurrent chief councillor Guo Xi was appointed Tianping Army military commissioner; Datong Army Military Commissioner, acting grand preceptor of the heir apparent and concurrent chief councillor Liu Yangou was appointed Yicheng Army military commissioner; and the late honored father Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi was posthumously granted director of the Department of State Affairs.

冬十一月甲戌，詔吳王稍領秦王韓匡嗣葬祭事。 On jiaxu day in the eleventh winter month an edict put Prince of Wu Shao in charge of the burial rites for Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi.

History of Liao, Chapter 13Volume 13 Annals 13: Shengzong 4 · 1 passage

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五月己未，以秦王韓匡嗣私城為全州。 On jiwei day of the fifth month Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi's private fortified town was made Quan Prefecture.

History of Liao, Chapter 74Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu · 16 passages

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〈（匡嗣德源德凝）〉 (Kuangsi, Deyuan, and Dening)

其子匡嗣得親近太祖，因間言。 His son Kuangsi had the emperor's ear and mentioned him in passing.

子匡嗣。 His son was Kuangsi.

匡嗣以善醫，直長樂宮，皇后視之猶子。 Skilled in medicine, Kuangsi served at Changle Palace, where the empress treated him like a son.

後宋王喜隱謀叛，辭引匡嗣，上置不問。 When Prince of Song Xiyin later plotted rebellion and named Kuangsi in his confession, the emperor took no action.

初，景宗在藩邸，善匡嗣。 In his days as heir apparent Emperor Jingzong had been close to Kuangsi.

即位，拜上京留守。 When he took the throne he made Kuangsi defender of the Upper Capital.

頃之，王燕，改南京留守。 Soon enfeoffed Prince of Yan, Kuangsi was transferred to Nanjing as defender.

匡嗣詆之曰：「寧有是！」 Kuangsi scoffed: "Nonsense!"

匡嗣與南府宰相沙、惕隱休哥侵宋，軍於滿城。 Kuangsi joined Southern Chancellor Yelu Sha and tithen Xiuge in an incursion against Song and encamped at Mancheng.

匡嗣欲納之，休哥曰：「彼軍氣甚銳，疑誘我也。 Kuangsi wanted to accept; Xiuge said: "Their morale is too high—they mean to bait us.

匡嗣不聽。 Kuangsi refused to listen.

匡嗣倉卒諭諸將，無當其鋒。 Kuangsi hurriedly told his commanders not to meet the charge.

眾既奔，遇伏兵扼要路，匡嗣棄旗鼓遁，其眾走易州山，獨休哥收所棄兵械，全軍還。 As the army broke, ambushers blocked the retreat; Kuangsi abandoned his standards and fled, his troops scattering into the Yizhou hills; only Xiuge recovered the abandoned arms and brought his command safely back.

帝怒匡嗣，數之曰：「爾違眾謀，深入敵境，爾罪一也； The emperor raged at Kuangsi and listed his offenses: "You rejected your officers' counsel and drove deep into enemy country—first offense;

良久，威稍霽，乃杖而免之。 Eventually his anger cooled and he had Kuangsi beaten and released.

History of Liao, Chapter 79Volume 79 Biographies 9: Shi Fang, Yelu Xianshi, Nu Li, Guo Xi, Yelu Ameili · 1 passage

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景宗在藩邸，常與韓匡嗣、女裏等遊，言或刺譏，賢適勸以宜早疏絕，由是穆宗終不見疑，賢適之力也。 While Jingzong still lived in the princely residence he often went about with Han Kuangsi, Nuli, and others, and their talk sometimes turned cutting and satirical; Xianshi urged him to break off such ties early, and for this reason Muzong never came to suspect him—a service owed to Xianshi.

History of Liao, Chapter 82Volume 82 Biographies 12: Yelu Longyun, Yelu Boguzhe, Xiao Yanga, Wu Bai, Xiao Changge, Yelu Hugu · 5 passages

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耶律隆運，本姓韓，名德讓，西南面招討使匡嗣之子也。 Yelu Longyun was born Han Derang, son of Kuangsi, the Southwestern Frontier Pacification Commissioner.

侍景宗，以謹飭聞，加東頭承奉官，補樞密院通事，轉上京皇城使，遙授彰德軍節度使，代其父匡嗣為上京留守，權知京事，甚有聲。 In service to Emperor Jingzong he won renown for scrupulous conduct. He rose through Eastern Head Attendant Officer and Han Chinese Affairs Commissioner of the Privy Council to Shangjing Imperial City Commissioner, received the honorary title of Zhangde Army Military Commissioner, and succeeded his father Kuangsi as Shangjing Military Governor with full charge of capital affairs—an appointment that brought him wide acclaim.

燕王韓匡嗣曰：「何以知之？」 Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi asked: "How do you know?"

匡嗣力沮，乃止。 Kuangsi argued strenuously against him, and the court let the warning drop.

帝以虎古能料事，器之，乃曰：「吾與匡嗣慮不及此。」 The emperor, impressed that Hugu could read events ahead, prized him and said: "Kuangsi and I never saw so far."

History of Liao, Chapter 83Volume 83 Biographies 13: Yelu Xiuge, Yelu Xiezhen, Yelu Xidi, Yelu Xuegu · 5 passages

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是年冬，上命韓匡嗣、耶律沙伐宋，以報圍城之役。 That winter the emperor sent Han Kuangsi and Yelu Sha against Song to repay the siege.

休哥率本部兵從匡嗣等戰於滿城。 Xiuge led his own troops to join Kuangsi and fought at Mancheng.

翌日將復戰，宋人請降，匡嗣信之。 When battle was to resume the next day, the Song troops offered surrender and Kuangsi believed them.

匡嗣不聽。 Kuangsi would not listen.

匡嗣倉卒不知所為，士卒棄旗鼓而走，遂敗績。 Kuangsi, caught off guard, did not know what to do; his men threw down flags and drums and fled, and the army was routed.

History of Liao, Chapter 84Volume 84 Biographies 14: Yelu Sha, Yelu Mozhi, Xiao Gan, Yelu Shanbu, Yelu Haili · 4 passages

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是年，復從韓匡嗣伐宋，敗績，帝欲誅之，以皇后營救得免。 That same year he again joined Han Kuangsi in a campaign against the Song and met with defeat; the emperor meant to put him to death, but the empress pleaded for him and he was spared.

是年冬，從都統韓匡嗣伐宋，戰於滿城，為宋將所紿，諸軍奔潰； That winter he followed Supreme Commander Han Kuangsi against the Song and fought at Mancheng; tricked by a Song commander, the armies broke in rout;

及伐宋，韓匡嗣與耶律沙將兵由東路進，善補以南京統軍使由西路進。 In the campaign against the Song, Han Kuangsi and Yelu Sha advanced along the eastern route while Shanbu, as Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Capital, moved up the western route.

善補聞匡嗣失利，斂兵還。 When Shanbu learned that Kuangsi had been defeated, he drew his troops back.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 1 passage

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時留守韓匡嗣因扈從北上，景與其子德讓共理京事。 The regent Han Kuangsi had accompanied the court north, and Jing governed the capital together with Han's son Derang.