Overview
Ögedei was an emperor of the Mongol Empire.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | Emperor Wenying | 英文皇帝 | |
| Temple name | Taizong | 太宗 | Tàizōng |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1241 十三年辛丑十一月辛卯At traveling hall 行殿Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 154
- AD 1241 獵五日，帝崩於行在所At traveling palace 行在所Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 192
Age
- 56AD 1241 十三年辛丑 · Reckoning SuiDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 155
Attested activity
- AD 1236 秋七月Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 107, 118
- AD 1229 to AD 1241 Ögedei-era reign narrativeDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 146, 153, 168
- AD 1237 丁酉Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 137
- AD 1235 七年乙未Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 87-88
- AD 1231 三年辛卯Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 16, 22
- AD 1236 丙申Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 107, 110
Show 26 more source-backed claims
- AD 1236 丙申春Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 107
- AD 1235 乙未Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 104, 106
- AD 1237 九年丁酉Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 118-119
- AD 1229 to AD 1241 事太宗…太宗命親王安赤臺Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 118, passages 72, 77
- AD 1230 二年庚寅Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 6, 8
- AD 1233 五年癸巳Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 47, 51
- AD 1229 元年己丑Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 196, 198
- AD 1236 八年丙申Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 93, 101
- AD 1234 六年甲午Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 62, 66
- AD 1241 冬十一月四日Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 191-192
- AD 1239 十一年己亥Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 131, 135
- AD 1241 十三年辛丑Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 146, 154
- AD 1240 十二年庚子Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 137-138
- AD 1238 十年戊戌Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 125, 128
- AD 1232 四年壬辰Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passages 27, 34
- AD 1232 壬辰春Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passage 77
- AD 1229 to AD 1241 太宗Directly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 12
- AD 1209 to AD 1229 太宗在潛邸Directly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 6
- AD 1230 庚寅正月朔Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 45-46, 54
- AD 1241 歲辛丑二月三日Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 185
- AD 1232 to AD 1233 汴梁將下Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 81, 85
- AD 1233 to AD 1234 河南初破Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 91, 96
- AD 1234 甲午Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 99
- AD 1230 to AD 1238 自庚寅…至戊戌Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 171
- AD 1231 辛卯秋Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 62, 65
- AD 1233 to AD 1234 金之亡也Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 97-98
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Parent of Möngke (蒙哥)raised as his son 養以為子 · Adoptive parentage · AD 1209 to AD 1229 太宗在潛邸Directly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 6
- Kin of Möngke (蒙哥)imperial nephew 皇侄 · paternal lineDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passages 12, 88
- Ancestor of Shiremün (失烈門)imperial grandson 皇孫 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Father of Shiremün
imperial grandson 皇孫 · paternal line · 2 generationsDirectly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 22; History of Yuan 2, passage 171 - Parent of Princess Suo'erhahan (唆兒哈罕公主)daughter 公主Directly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 12
- Parent of Güyük (貴由)eldest son 長子Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 167
- Spouse of Töregene (乃馬真氏)empress 皇后 · Widowed
Sixth Empress 六皇后Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 193; History of Yuan 2, passages 159, 168 - Spouse of Töregene (脫列忽乃)empress 皇后Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 3, passage 25
- Spouse of Empress Anggwi (昂灰皇后)empress 皇后Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 3, passage 6
- Child of Taizu (太祖)son 子
father 父Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 2 - Sibling of Tolui (拖雷)imperial brother 皇弟 · Full siblingsDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passages 12, 197
- Parent of Köten (闊端)imperial son 皇子Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 88
- Parent of Köchü (曲出)imperial son 皇子Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 88
- Child of Empress Guangxian (光獻皇后)mother 母Sources vary in certainty · History of Yuan 2, passage 3
- Spouse of Qurijin Khatun (乞裏吉忽帖尼)Ögedei's empress 太宗皇后Directly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 54
- Parent of Princess Guozhen (果真)princess 公主Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 2, passage 110
- Parent of Princess Alaqai (阿剌海)princess 公主Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 2, passage 110
- Parent of Father of Shiremünpaternal lineStrongly inferred · History of Yuan 3, passage 22
- the goods of Ögedei's consorts and concubines were divided again and bestowed on the imperial princesAD 1252 二年壬子…夏 · Kinship Role consorts and concubines · Quantity several · Count Unknown true · 諸后妃Directly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 55
Key source chapters
- History of Yuan, Chapter 2 Volume 2 Annals 2: Taizong, Dingzong 31 passages
- History of Yuan, Chapter 146 Volume 146 Biographies 33: Yelü Chucai, Zhanhezhongshan, Yang Weizhong 48 passages
- History of Yuan, Chapter 3 Volume 3 Annals 3: Xianzong 7 passages
- History of Yuan, Chapter 118 Volume 118 Biographies 5: Texuechan, Beitu, Alawusitijihuli 4 passages
Career and standing
- AD 1229 元年己丑秋八月己未At Kütemü Alari 庫鐵烏阿剌里Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 198
Places and affiliations
- Polity Mongol Empire 大蒙古國 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 72
- Polity Mongol Empire 蒙古 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 45, 54, 65, 96, 107
- Polity Mongol Empire 蒙古 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · History of Yuan 146, passages 146, 192
- Polity Mongol Empire 蒙古國 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 12
- Polity Id yuan · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passages 157, 198
- AD 1235 七年乙未春At Karakorum 和林 · Relation BuiltDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 87
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- AD 1231 辛卯秋At Yunzhong 雲中 · Relation Arrived atDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 62
- At Qinian Valley 起輦谷 · Relation Buried atDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 156
Works and attributed material
- Speech · Speaker · Mode quoted · Addressed to Suo'erha (鎖兒哈)Directly stated · History of Yuan 118, passages 73-74
- AD 1231 辛卯秋Speech · SpeakerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 62
- Edict · Author · Direct quotation · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passages 66-82
- Speech · Speaker · With Yelü Chucai (耶律楚材) · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 107-110
- Speech · Speaker · With Yelü Chucai (耶律楚材) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 153, 158, 174-176, 179
- Speech · Speaker · With Ahu Dai (阿虎帶) · Direct quotation · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 202
Show 4 more source-backed claims
- Speech · Speaker · Mode named-speech Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 72
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 113, 120, 132, 137
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 169
- Speech · SpeakerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 54, 56, 60
Events and relationships
- Allowed trial of tax monopolyPolitical · RulerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 176
- Angered then canceled maiden selectionDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 129, 132
- Approved memorialAD 1231 to AD 1232 辛卯秋 · Political · ApproverDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 76
- Approved tax system and centralized distributionAD 1236 秋七月 · Fiscal policy · AuthorityDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 122-126
- Attended Taizu funeral from KhobdoDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 5
- Authorized office for examined ConfuciansAD 1237 丁酉 · Educational policy · AuthorityDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 137, 139
Show 29 more source-backed claims
- Besieged HezhongAD 1231 三年辛卯冬十月乙卯 · Military · Commander · At Hezhong 河中Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 25
- Bestowed wineDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 64
- Bound then releasedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 146-147
- Campaigned with Taizu against Jin and Western RegionsDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 4
- Considered dividing prefectures among princesAD 1236 秋七月 · Fiscal policy · AuthorityDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 118
- ConsoledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 154
- Died after five days huntingDeath · DeceasedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 192
- Fell gravely ill pulse failedAD 1241 歲辛丑二月三日 · Medical · PatientDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 185
- Issued amnesty edictAD 1230 庚寅正月朔 · Political · IssuerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 46
- Issued no kill edict cities surrenderedAD 1233 to AD 1234 金之亡也 · Military policy · AuthorityDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passage 98
- Lifted fugitive harboring prohibitionAD 1233 to AD 1234 河南初破 · Legal · AuthorityDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passage 96
- Limited daily wine to three cupsAdministrative · RulerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 170
- Limited guilt to Wanyan clanAD 1232 to AD 1233 汴梁將下 · Legal · IssuerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 85
- Nodded assent to amnestyPolitical · AssenterDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 189
- Ordered Liu Zhong to examine by commanderyDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 137, 139
- Ordered prince to give daughterDirectly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 77
- Proclaimed assembly and army regulations at DalandabaAD 1234 六年甲午夏五月 · Legislative · SpeakerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 66
- Promulgated Great YasaAD 1229 元年己丑 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 200
- Pulse returned and recovered next dayMedical · PatientDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 190
- Rejected slander rebuked envoyAD 1231 辛卯秋 · Legal · JudgeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 69
- Rewarded and summonedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 75
- Sought to seize brood mares then relentedAD 1236 丙申 · Political · ProposerDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 146, passages 133-134
- Southern campaign with Tolui and MöngkeAD 1230 二年庚寅秋 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 12
- Southern campaignAD 1232 壬辰春 · Military · Commander · At Henan 河南Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 77
- Toasted and praised Chucai before princesDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 107-109
- While still heir apparent took the boy Möngke as his own son and entrusted his upbringing to Empress AnggwiDirectly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 6
- Woke Chucai in carriageDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 178-179
- Relation Successor of · Person Taizu (太祖)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 107
- Relation Ruler of · Person Yelü Chucai (耶律楚材)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 107
Assessments and attributes
- From renyin onward standards diverged, court and camp lost unity, and Taizong's governance declined.AD 1242 to AD 1248 壬寅以來 · Assessment governance-declined · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 191
- Assessment magnanimous, loyal and forgiving; age of good order · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 158
- Assessment Suo'erha's father served the state with distinction; the emperor had seen him · With Bo'ertu (孛禿) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 118, passage 73
- Assessment unmatched among intimates in loving the ruler and caring for the state · Mode speaker-judgment Speaker Ögedei (窩闊台)Directly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 169
- loved wine and drank daily with ministersHabitDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passage 168
- AD 1253 三年癸丑…夏六月Item the wealth of Taizu and Ögedei 太祖、太宗之財 · Relation Source of the princes' yearly grants · Mode quotation Speaker Möngke (蒙哥)Directly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 73
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · History of Yuan 146, passages 96, 146
- Half of Taizong's imperial guard was detached in the ninth month of dingwei year two and placed under Yeke Möngke.Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 183
- commanded that his imperial grandson Shiremün be his successor, in the hearing of all the princes and officialsAD 1248 to AD 1251 歲戊申，定宗崩 · Succession order · Mode quotation Source Person Id Bal (八剌) · Negated falseDirectly stated · History of Yuan 3, passage 22
- Möge answers Bal that no one would dare disobey Ögedei's command, but that Bal's own party broke it in installing GüyükDirectly stated · History of Yuan 3, passages 24-25
- From Ögedei 窩闊台 · To Taizong 太宗Directly stated · History of Yuan 2, passage 157
References in the histories
90 passages
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