Mada (麻答) | 24 Histories

Overview

Mada was a general.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Mandale	滿達勒	Manduole

Life and dates

Death

AD 947 其年閏七月晦
Killed by Li Jun and He Fujin
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 143

Attested activity

AD 947 to AD 948 Chronology stated or entailed by s0036, s0063
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passages 36, 63
AD 947 入汴
Directly stated · History of Liao 76, passage 149
AD 947 其年閏七月晦
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 143
AD 947 天福十二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 100, passage 113
AD 947 是歲閏七月二十九日
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passages 124-125, 127
AD 944 開運元年春
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 88

Show 1 more source-backed claim

AD 947 高祖車駕至闕
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 48-49

Family

Kin of Emperor Taizong of Liao (遼太宗)
younger cousin 從弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 60

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Khitan 契丹
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 88

Career and standing

general 將
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 88
governor of Zhenzhou 鎮州
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 48
Khitan northern commander 北帥
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 143
military commissioner of Xing Prefecture
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 61
Committed systematic torture and killings against Chinese captives
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 62

Places and affiliations

Polities liao, Khitan
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 36
Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 100, passage 113
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 100, passage 113; Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 143; Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 48, 88; History of Liao 35, passage 84
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕
At Zhenzhou 鎮州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 48
At Dingzhou 定州 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 100, passage 114
Organization Mada's army 麻答軍 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · History of Liao 35, passage 84

Events and relationships

Crossed at Majiakou with a flanking force and fortified the east bank
AD 944 開運元年春 · Military · Commander · At Majiaikou 馬家口 · Outcome Force defeated
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 88-89
Driven out
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Military · Expelled governor · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 49
Guarded Zhen Prefecture for Wuyu
Event guarded Zhen Prefecture for Wuyu · Historical event
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passages 36, 61
Killed
Military · Victim · With Li Jun (李筠), He Fujin (何福晉)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 143
Summoned to tent
AD 947 是歲閏七月二十九日 · Political · Summoner · With Feng Dao (馮道)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passage 124

Assessments and attributes

Assessment especially cruel · Mode source-text
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 62

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 88; Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passage 124
dispatched Yang Yan to relieve Chongwei after receiving Hongsui as hostage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 48

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 100Volume 100 Book of Later Jin 2: Gaozu Annals 2 · 4 passages

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八月壬午朔，鎮州駐屯護聖左廂都指揮使白再榮等，逐契丹所命節度使麻答，復其城。 On the first day of the eighth month, Bai Zairong, left-wing commander of the imperial guard at Zhenzhou, expelled the Khitan appointee Mada and recaptured the city.

麻答與河陽節度使崔廷勛、洛京留守劉晞，並奔定州。 Mada fled with Heyang governor Cui Tingxun and Luoyang defender Liu Xi, all making for Ding Prefecture.

初，懷讓為洺州防禦使，契丹麻答發健步督洺州糧運，懷讓殺之以聞。 Earlier, while Huairang was defense commissioner of Luo, the Khitan Mada had sent swift couriers to oversee grain shipments; Huairang killed them and reported the matter.

會鎮州逐麻答，楊袞收兵退，鐸乃上表請命。 When Zhen expelled Mada, Yang Gun withdrew; Liu Duo then memorialized requesting formal appointment.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 106Volume 106 Book of Later Jin 8: Biographies 3: Wang Zhou, Liu Shenjiao, Wu Hanqiu, Zhang Guan, Li Yin, Liu Zaiming, Ma Wan, Li Yancong, Guo Jin, Huang Fuli, Bai Zairong, Zhang Peng · 2 passages

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其年閏七月晦，李筠、何福晉相率殺北帥滿達勒，據甲仗庫，敵勢未退，筠等使人召再榮。 On the last day of the intercalary seventh month that year, Li Jun and He Fujin led the killing of the Khitan commander Mandale and seized the armory. The enemy had not yet withdrawn, and they sent for Zairong.

其漢人曾事滿達勒者盡拘之，以取其財。 He detained every Han who had once served Mandale and stripped them of their property.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 109Volume 109 Book of Later Jin 11: Biographies 6: Du Zhongwei, Li Shouzhen, Zhao Siwan · 3 passages

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重威懼，閉城拒命，詔高行周率兵攻討，重威遣其子宏遂等告急於鎮州州麻答，乞師救援，旦以宏遂為質，麻答遣蕃將楊兗赴之。 Terrified, Chongwei shut the gates and defied the court. Gao Xingzhou was ordered to attack. Chongwei sent his son Hongsui to beg Maduo, governor of Zhenzhou, for relief, offering Hongsui as hostage that same day. Maduo dispatched the tribal general Yang Yan.

未幾，鎮州軍逐滿達勒，楊兗至洺州而回。 Before long the Zhenzhou garrison expelled Manduole, and Yang Yan turned back when he reached Mozhou.

開運元年春，敵眾犯澶、魏，少帝幸澶州，契丹遣將麻答以奇兵由鄆州馬家口濟河，立柵於東岸，守貞率師自澶州馳赴之。 In the spring of the first Kaiyun year the enemy struck Chan and Wei, and the Young Emperor went to Chanzhou in person. The Khitan general Maduo crossed at Majiakou in Yunzhou with a flanking force and fortified the east bank. Shouzhen raced from Chanzhou to meet him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 126Volume 126 Book of Later Zhou 28: Biographies 6: Feng Dao · 3 passages

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契丹麻答召道等至帳所，欲諭之，崧偶先至，知其意，懼形於色。 The Khitan Maduo summoned them to his tent. Song arrived first, guessed his intent, and fear showed on his face.

契丹麻答將以明日與朝士齊遣之，崧乃不俟道，與凝先出，既而相遇於帳門之外，因與分手俱歸。 Maduo meant to send them off with the court scholars the next day. Song left without waiting for Dao, together with He Ning; they met outside the tent, parted, and went home together.

是日若齊至，與麻答相見，稍或躊躇，則悉為俘矣。 Had they all arrived that day and met Maduo, the slightest hesitation would have made captives of them all.

History of Liao, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 5: Military 2 · 1 passage

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麻答軍。 Mada's army.

History of Liao, Chapter 76Volume 76 Biographies 6: Yelu Jieli, Yelu Balide, Yelu Shuogu, Yelu Lubugu, Zhao Yanshou, Gao Mohan, Zhao Siwen, Yelu Oulisi, Zhang Li · 3 passages

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入汴，諸將蕭翰、耶律郎五、麻答輩肆殺掠，礪奏曰：「今大遼始得中國，宜以中國人治之，不可專用國人及左右近習。 After entering Bian, generals such as Xiao Han, Yelu Langwu, and Mada killed and plundered at will; Li memorialized, "Great Liao has only just won China; it should be governed by Chinese, not entrusted solely to Khitan and personal favorites.

時礪在恒州，蕭翰與麻答以兵圍其第。 Li was then at Hengzhou; Xiao Han and Mada surrounded his house with soldiers.

麻答以礪大臣，不可專殺，乃救止之。 Mada argued that Li was a senior minister and could not be killed on private authority, and held Han back.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 73Volume 73: Appendix on the Four Barbarians 2: Khitan 2 · 6 passages

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兀欲留其將麻荅守鎮州，晉諸將相隨德光在鎮州者皆留之而去。 Wuyu left his general Mada to guard Zhen Prefecture and detained the Jin officials who had accompanied Deguang there before setting out.

使者至鎮州，鎮州軍亂，大將白再榮等逐出麻荅。 The envoys arrived to find Zhen Prefecture in revolt; Bai Zairong and other commanders expelled Mada.

據定州，已而悉其衆以北。 Mada occupied Ding Prefecture, then led his entire force north.

麻荅者，德光之從弟也。 Mada was Deguang's younger cousin.

麻荅尤酷虐，多略中國人，剝面，抉目，拔髮，斷腕而殺之，出入常以鉗鑿挑割之具自隨，寢處前後掛人肝、脛、手、足，言笑自若，鎮、定之人不勝其毒。 Mada was savagely cruel: he seized Chinese captives, flayed faces, gouged eyes, tore out hair, severed wrists, and killed; he carried pincers and chisels everywhere, hung livers, shins, hands, and feet around his bed, and chatted calmly while the people of Zhen and Ding were tortured past endurance.

麻荅已去，馮道等乃南歸。 Once Mada had withdrawn, Feng Dao and his party went south again.