Liu Mingchuan (劉銘傳)

Overview

Liu Mingchuan was a general.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1886 上年九月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 71, passages 14, 25
AD 1887 光緒十三年九月庚午
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 14
AD 1865 劉銘傳
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 188
AD 1868 同治七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 129; Draft History of Qing 431, passage 44
AD 1870 同治九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passages 161, 241
AD 1863 同治二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 42; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 15, 17

Show 12 more source-backed claims

AD 1863 同治二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 415, passages 54, 57; Draft History of Qing 433, passages 169-170
AD 1866 同治五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 239
AD 1862 同治元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 16; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 131, 227
AD 1867 同治六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 68; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 34, 147; Draft History of Qing 461, passage 81
AD 1862 to AD 1864 同治初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 84
AD 1862 to AD 1864 同治初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 61
AD 1867 同治間贛榆之戰
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 16
AD 1865 to AD 1868 徵捻
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 4
AD 1880 明年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 441, passages 153-154
AD 1884 to AD 1885 是役也
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117
AD 1885 to AD 1891 設巡撫後治台七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 45
AD 1862 to AD 1863 進剿江陰
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 27

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Fujian governor 福建巡撫
AD 1884 to AD 1885 是役也 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117
Governor of Taiwan 臺灣巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 14
governor of Taiwan 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 45

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Active in
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 16
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 14; Draft History of Qing 405, passage 188; Draft History of Qing 411, passages 16, 42, 68, 129; Draft History of Qing 415, passage 57; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 15, 44, 131, 227; Draft History of Qing 452, passages 27, 84; Draft History of Qing 461, passage 81; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 4
AD 1884 to AD 1885 是役也
At Fujian / Taiwan campaign 福建 · Relation Commanded at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117
Organization Huai Army 淮軍 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 16
Organization Huai Army 淮軍 · Relation Officer of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 16

Works and attributed material

AD 1887 光緒十三年九月庚午
Memorial · Author · With Yang Changjun (楊昌濬) · Mode named-source-report Speaker Liu Mingchuan (劉銘傳)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passages 14-45

Events and relationships

Advanced against Jiangyin
Military · Commander · At Jiangyin 江陰
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 27
Attacked Fukushan; advanced Jiangyin Wuxi route
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 42, 45, 50
Attacked by
AD 1867 同治六年 · Military · Commander · With Niu Xizi (牛喜子) · At Mi River 瀰河
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 34
Attacked left flank
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At Beigang 北漍
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 17
Broke rebels
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At west of Gushan 顧山以西
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 19
Campaigned against Nian then western Muslims
AD 1862 to AD 1864 同治初 · Military · Commander · With Shi Kekuan (史克寬)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 84

Show 14 more source-backed claims

Commanded
AD 1884 to AD 1885 是役也 · Military · Commander · At Fujian / Taiwan campaign 福建
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117
Crushed eastern Nian
AD 1867 同治六年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 81
Defeated rebels
Military · Commander · At Ganyu 贛榆 · With Ren Zhu (任柱)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 16
Fought at Yongzhang
AD 1867 同治六年 · Military · Commander · With Bao Chao (鮑超)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 147
Inspected terrain
AD 1886 上年九月 · Administrative · Inspector
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 25
Intercepted
AD 1868 同治七年 · Military · Commander · With Guo Songlin (郭松林)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 44
Proposed strike
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 15
Reinforced front against Western Nian
AD 1868 同治七年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 129
Supervised Shaanxi
AD 1870 同治九年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 241
Suppressed Nian
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 4
Suppressed
AD 1886 上年九月 · Military · Commander · At central route 中路
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 25
Took Guangde route; built Jiao Lai walls; pursued Nian
AD 1864 同治三至六年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 68, 86, 91
Relation Subordinate of · Person Li Hongzhang (李鴻章)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 16, 42, 68, 129
Relation Superior of · Person Shi Kekuan (史克寬)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 84

Assessments and attributes

badly wounded at Changzhou
Wound
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 135

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 14; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 117

References in the histories

Search passages

History

45 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 71Volume 71 Treatises 46: Geography 18, Tai Wan · 2 passages

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光緒十三年九月庚午，閩浙總督楊昌濬、臺灣巡撫劉銘傳會奏，略云：「臺灣疆域，南北相距七百餘里，東西近者二百餘里，遠或三四百里，崇山大溪，鉤連高下。 On the gengwu day of the ninth month of Guangxu 13, Yang Changjun, governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Liu Mingchuan, governor of Taiwan, submitted a joint memorial in summary as follows: "Taiwan stretches more than seven hundred li from north to south; east to west it is about two hundred li in places and three or four hundred in others, with great mountains and rivers rising and falling in succession.

臣銘傳於上年九月親赴中路督剿叛番，沿途察看地勢，並據各地方官，將境內扼塞道里、田園山溪，繪圖貼說，呈送前來。 Last ninth month your minister Liu Mingchuan personally led the campaign on the central route against rebel tribes, inspected the terrain, and had local officials map strategic points, roads, farmland, and waterways with explanatory notes, which were submitted.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 405Volume 405 Biographies 192: Ceng Guofan · 1 passage

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國籓上言：「楚軍裁撤殆盡，今調劉松山一軍及劉銘傳淮勇尚不足。 Zeng Guofan memorialized: "The Chu army has been reduced almost to nothing; even with Liu Songshen's division and Liu Mingchuan's Huai braves now mobilized, the force is still insufficient.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 411Volume 411 Biographies 198: Li Hongzhang · 8 passages

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同治元年，遂命鴻章召募淮勇七千人，率舊部將劉銘傳、周盛波、張樹聲、吳長慶，曾軍將程學啟，湘軍將郭松林，霆軍將楊鼎勳，以行。 In the first year of Tongzhi he was ordered to raise seven thousand Huai Braves and take the field with his former subordinates Liu Mingchuan, Zhou Shengbo, Zhang Shusheng, and Wu Changqing, together with Cheng Xueqi of Zeng's army, Guo Songlin of the Xiang forces, and Yang Dingxun of the Ting forces.

鴻章牒諭國忠固守待援，而檄鼎新、銘傳攻福山，奪石城。 Hongzhang sent word urging Guozhong to hold the city and await relief, while ordering Dingxin and Mingchuan to attack Fukushan and seize Shicheng.

鶴章、銘傳由江陰進無錫，淮、揚水軍輔之； Hezhang and Mingchuan from Jiangyin toward Wuxi, supported by Huai and Yangzhou river forces;

乃令鶴章、銘傳守後路，抽銳卒會學啟合破賊屯，蘇、錫之賊皆大困。 He ordered Hezhang and Mingchuan to guard the rear, detached elite troops to join Xueqi in breaking the rebel camps together, and the rebels at Suzhou and Wuxi were thrown into great distress.

鴻章遂分軍令銘傳、盛波由東壩取廣德，鼎新、秉璋由松江攻湖州，松林、鼎勳由滬航海援閩。 Hongzhang then divided his forces, sending Mingchuan and Shengbo from Dongba toward Guangde, Dingxin and Bingzhang from Songjiang against Huzhou, and Songlin and Dingxun by sea from Shanghai to aid Fujian.

鴻章复議偪入海隅聚殲之，乃創膠萊河防策，令銘傳、鼎新築長牆二百八十馀裡，會合豫軍、東軍分汛設守。 Hongzhang again proposed driving them into a coastal corner for annihilation, devised the Jiao-Lai River defense plan, and ordered Mingchuan and Dingxin to build a long wall of more than 280 li, with Henan and Shandong troops posted in divided garrisons along it.

令銘傳、松林、鼎勳三軍往來躡擊。 He ordered the three armies under Mingchuan, Songlin, and Dingxun to pursue and strike in rotation.

鴻章增調劉銘傳軍，期會前敵。 Hongzhang added Liu Mingchuan's army and set a date to join the front.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 415Volume 415 Biographies 202: Huang Yisheng, Ding Yifang, Wang Ji, Wu Jiabang, Li Chengmou, Li Chaobin, Jiang Fushan, Liu Peiyuan · 1 passage

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賊酋陳坤書來援，翼升扼江乾誘賊出戰，與郭松林、劉銘傳合擊，大破之。 Chen Kunshu marched to relieve; Yisheng held the bank to draw them out, then with Guo Songlin and Liu Mingchuan shattered the relief army.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 431Volume 431 Biographies 218: Guo Songlin, Li Changle, Yang Dingxun, Tang Diankui, Tang Dingkui, Teng Siwu, Luo Guozhong · 17 passages

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李秀成合水陸數十萬援江陰，犯常熟，劉銘傳謀乘賊未定擊之。 Li Xiucheng gathered several hundred thousand land and river forces to relieve Jiangyin and menaced Changshu. Liu Mingchuan proposed hitting them before they were fully in position.

銘傳進北漍攻其左，松林進南漍攻其右，周盛波等進麥市橋為中路，黃翼升以水師助之。 Mingchuan pushed on Beigang against their left flank, Songlin on Nangang against their right, Zhou Shengbo and others up the center at Maishi Bridge, and Huang Yisheng's fleet supported from the water.

銘傳、盛波等同破賊，自顧山以西皆盡，以總兵記名。 Mingchuan, Shengbo, and the rest smashed the rebel line; west of Gushan the enemy was cleared away. Songlin was entered on the rolls for major general.

賊沿海南走，阻瀰河，捻酋牛喜子麾白旗賊犯劉銘傳軍； The rebels fled down the coast and were stopped at the Mi River. The Nian chief Niu Xizi led the White Banner force against Liu Mingchuan;

捻走黃、運、徒駭河間，松林與銘傳縱橫要擊，張總愚赴水死。 The Nian fled among the Huang, Yun, and Tuhai rivers. Songlin and Mingchuan cut them off wherever they turned; Zhang Zongyu drowned himself.

同治元年，李鴻章率淮軍援上海，殿魁從，隸劉銘傳，克南匯、川沙、奉賢、金山衛、柘林五城，積功累擢都司，賜花翎。 In 1862, when Li Hongzhang brought the Huai Army to Shanghai, Diankui went with him under Liu Mingchuan and helped take Nanhui, Chuansha, Fengxian, Jinshanwei, and Zhelin. For steady service he rose to company commander and received the peacock feather.

從劉銘傳攻常州，銘傳受重傷，令殿魁偕副將黃桂蘭督兵進。 In the assault on Changzhou, Mingchuan was badly wounded and sent Diankui with Deputy Commander Huang Guilan to lead the advance.

銘傳裹創往救，殿魁從內夾擊，苦戰數日，圍始解。 Mingchuan came with his wounds still bound; Diankui hit the ring from inside while Mingchuan pressed from without. After days of hard fighting the siege was broken.

從劉銘傳渡淮剿捻匪，破張寨賊壘。 With Liu Mingchuan he crossed the Huai against the Nian and took the rebel fort at Zhangzhai.

捻匪自山東回竄，銘傳督兵追至烏官屯，殿魁繼進，殺賊五百餘。 When the Nian swung back from Shandong, Mingchuan drove them to Wuguan tun and Diankui followed up, killing more than five hundred.

銘傳與鮑超約會戰於永漋河，銘傳欲先出，殿魁請少待，不從。 Mingchuan and Bao Chao agreed to meet the enemy at the Yongzhang River. Mingchuan wanted to move first; Diankui urged him to hold back, but he refused.

從劉銘傳剿捻於山東、河南、安徽、湖北，積功累擢副將，賜花翎。 Under Liu Mingchuan he campaigned against the Nian in Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, rose to deputy commander on accumulated merit, and received the peacock feather.

劉銘傳赴陝西剿回匪，調定奎接統銘武軍，定奎請終制，命俟陝西軍事平，回籍終制。 When Liu Mingchuan went to Shaanxi against Muslim rebels, Dingkui was called to take the Mingwu Army. He asked to complete mourning; the court told him to wait until the Shaanxi campaign ended, then return home to finish the rites.

鴻章令潘鼎新、劉銘傳、張樹珊以三千人趨福山，與黃翼升水師並進。 Hongzhang sent Pan Dingxin, Liu Mingchuan, and Zhang Shushan with three thousand men to Fushan, marching in concert with Huang Yisheng's fleet.

會鼎新、銘傳諸軍急攻福山，賊分兵赴援，留者僅數千，國忠乃開城出戰，毀賊壘，擒其渠硃衣點。 While Dingxin and Mingchuan hammered Fushan, the rebels split off a relief column and left only a few thousand men before Changshu. Guozhong sallied out, smashed their forts, and captured the rebel chief Zhuyidian.

五年，從劉銘傳剿捻匪，轉戰湖北、河南、山東，所鄉有功。 In 1866 he followed Liu Mingchuan against the Nian, fighting through Hubei, Henan, and Shandong with credit wherever he served.

九年，銘傳督辦陝西軍務，調國忠從行。 In 1870 Mingchuan took charge of military affairs in Shaanxi and took Guozhong with him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 433Volume 433 Biographies 220: Jin Guochen, Huang Chunxi, Wu Kunxiu, Kang Guoqi, Li Hezhang Younger Brother: Zhao Qing, Wu Yulan · 2 passages

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指日常州、金陵次第奏捷，克成全功，更當與郭松林、劉銘傳等同膺懋賞。」 When victories follow at Changzhou and Jinling and the great enterprise is completed, he should share rich rewards with Guo Songlin, Liu Mingchuan, and the like."

鶴章進趨常州，與劉銘傳會攻，破援賊，解奔牛之圍。 Hezhang advanced on Changzhou, joined Liu Mingchuan in the assault, routed the relieving rebels, and lifted the siege of Benniu.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 2 passages

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明年，劉銘傳奉召入都，疏請籌造清江浦鐵路，下李鴻章等議。 The following year Liu Mingchuan was summoned to the capital and memorialized to plan construction of the Qingjiangpu railway; the matter was referred to Li Hongzhang and others for deliberation.

疏入，仍令鴻章覈覆，鴻章力主銘傳策。 When the memorial was received, Li Hongzhang was still ordered to verify and reply; Hongzhang strongly upheld Mingchuan's plan.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 450Volume 450 Biographies 237: Li Henian, Wen Bin, Ren Daorong, Xu Zhenyi, Wu Dacheng · 1 passage

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善慶及淮軍劉銘傳大敗賊贛榆，任柱被戕死。 Shan Qing and Liu Mingchuan of the Huai Army won a crushing victory at Ganyu, where Ren Zhu was killed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 452Volume 452 Biographies 239: Hong Rukui, Yang Zonglian, Shi Pu, Shi Kekuan, Shen Baojing, Zhu Qiang Younger Brother: Qi Zhao, Zong Yuanhan, Xu Qingzhang, Xu Zhen, Kuai Guangdian, Chen Yusheng, Pan Minbiao, Yan Zuolin, Tang Xijin, Lou Chunfan · 2 passages

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劉銘傳進剿江陰，宗濂率濂字營守楊舍。 During Liu Mingchuan's campaign against Jiangyin, Zonglian held Yangshe with his Lianzi Battalion.

同治初，劉銘傳剿捻，移征西回，皆挾克寬與俱，為司饋運及營務處。 Early in Tongzhi, when Liu Mingchuan campaigned against the Nian and then the western Muslims, he always took Kekuan along to run supply transport and the camp affairs office.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 461Volume 461 Biographies 248: Song Qing, Lv Benyuan, Xu Bangdao, Ma Yukun, Yi Ke Tang A, Rong He, Zhang Shun · 1 passage

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同治六年，從劉銘傳剿平東捻，复官。 In the sixth year of Tongzhi he followed Liu Mingchuan in crushing the eastern Nian, and his office was restored.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 462Volume 462 Biographies 249: Ding Ruchang, Wei Rugui Younger Brother: Ru Cheng, Ye Zhichao · 3 passages

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初隸長江水師，從劉銘傳徵捻，積勳至參將。 He first served in the Yangtze River navy, joined Liu Mingchuan in suppressing the Nian rebels, and rose through merit to assistant brigade commander (canjiang).

從劉銘傳徵捻，累遷至副將，晉總兵。 He followed Liu Mingchuan against the Nian rebels and rose step by step to vice commander, then regimental commander.

以淮軍末弁從劉銘傳討捻，積功至總兵。 Starting as a junior Huai Army soldier under Liu Mingchuan against the Nian, he earned promotion after promotion until he became a regimental commander.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 463Volume 463 Biographies 250: Tang Jingsong, Liu Yongfu · 2 passages

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台灣自設巡撫，首任劉銘傳，治台七年，頗有建設，詳銘傳傳。 Since Taiwan was given its own governor, the first appointee was Liu Mingchuan, who governed the island for seven years with considerable development; see his biography for details.

銘傳去，友濂繼之，丈地清賦，改則啟徵，迭平番亂，建基隆砲台。 When Mingchuan left, Youlian succeeded him, surveyed land and cleared tax registers, revised tax quotas and began collection, repeatedly pacified aboriginal revolts, and built the Keelung batteries.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 2 passages

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同治初，改隸淮軍，從劉銘傳分援江、浙、閩、皖，累遷至副將。 Early in the Tongzhi reign he joined the Huai Army, followed Liu Mingchuan on relief operations in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Anhui, and rose step by step to deputy commander.

未幾，銘軍潰，諸軍皆走，士成猶悉力以御。 Before long Liu Mingchuan's army collapsed and every column fled, yet Shicheng still fought with all his strength to hold the line.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 494Volume 494 Biographies 281: Loyal and Righteous 8 · 1 passage

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隸福建巡撫劉銘傳部下者，為總兵曾照禮，副將劉義高，千總殷有升，把總尤運農、祁文等。 under Fujian governor Liu Mingchuan were regional commander Zeng Zhaoli, brigade commander Liu Yigao, major Yin Yousheng, and captains You Yunnong and Qi Wen, among others.