Köke Temür (擴廓) | 24 Histories

Overview

Köke Temür was a Son of Chaghan Temür.

PeriodYuan

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Köke Timur	擴廓帖木兒

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1363 chapter dated context
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 207, passage 43
AD 1362 二十二年六月
Dated from the passage context · History of Ming 122, passage 143
AD 1367 又明年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 145, passage 188
AD 1362 報擴廓聘
Dated from the passage context · History of Ming 135, passage 329
AD 1363 to AD 1368 天下用兵
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 274
AD 1361 察罕既取汴梁
Dated from the passage context · History of Ming 122, passage 140

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AD 1366 to AD 1367 徐達等下淮東、西
Dated from the passage context · History of Ming 135, passages 298, 300
AD 1368 洪武元年
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 331
AD 1365 至正二十五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 189, 191; History of Yuan 114, passages 252, 255
AD 1368 至正二十八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 204, 206
AD 1366 至正二十六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 194, 196
AD 1364 至正二十四年
Directly stated · History of Yuan 204, passage 78
AD 1367 to AD 1368 請援不報
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 196, passages 150, 162

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Chaghan Temür (察罕帖木兒)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · History of Yuan 207, passage 59; History of Ming 122, passage 140

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Grand Tutor 太傅
AD 1365 至正二十五年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 189, 191
Grand Tutor 太傅
AD 1368 至正二十八年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 204, 206
Grand Tutor 太傅
AD 1366 至正二十六年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 111, passages 194, 196

Places and affiliations

Polity Yuan 元 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 135, passages 274, 300, 331
Polity Id yuan · Relation Active in
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 207, passage 43
Polity Id yuan · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Yuan 111, passage 191; History of Yuan 114, passage 255; History of Yuan 145, passage 188
At Dingxi 定西 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 331
At Henan 河南 · Relation Based in
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 274

Works and attributed material

Biography of Köke Temür 擴廓帖木兒傳
Relation Subject of
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passage 257

Events and relationships

Campaign against Datong
Military · Commander in chief
Directly stated · History of Yuan 207, passage 58
Escorted crown prince
Military · Escort · With Heir Apparent (皇太子)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 196, passage 162
Fled to Dingxi when Ming armies took He and Luo
AD 1368 洪武元年 · Military · Fleeing commander · At Dingxi 定西
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 331
Guarded against by office
AD 1367 又明年 · Military · Opposed party · Organization Great Pacification Army Office 大撫軍院
Directly stated · History of Yuan 145, passage 188
Held crown prince hostage and took up arms
Military · Captor · With Yuan Crown Prince (太子)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 300
Marriage proposal reported by Ming envoys; detained them
AD 1362 報擴廓聘 · Diplomatic · Principal · At Henan 河南
Dated from the passage context · History of Ming 135, passage 329

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Received seven letters from the Founder and sent no reply
Diplomatic · Addressee · With The Founder (太祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 330
Summoned to secure capital
Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Yuan 207, passage 57
Withdrew troops outside capital
Military · Commander · With Ayushiridara (愛猷識理達臘)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 114, passages 255-256
Relation Held hostage · Person Yuan Crown Prince (太子)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 300
Relation Rival of · Person Bolu Temür (孛羅帖木兒)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 207, passage 59

Assessments and attributes

Assessment pressed private enmities and lacked will to resist the common foe · Mode named-person-speech Speaker the Founder (太祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 300
Assessment some discipline but armies lack vigor · Mode named-person-speech Speaker the Founder (太祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 276

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Yuan 145, passage 188; History of Yuan 204, passage 78
Value historical
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 274

References in the histories

Search passages

History

24 passages

History of Ming, Chapter 122Volume 122 Biographies 10: · 2 passages

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而察罕既取汴梁，遂遣子擴廓討東平，脅降田豐、王士誠，乘勝定山東。 After Chaghan took Bianliang, he sent his son Köke Temür against Dongping, forced Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng to submit, and pacified Shandong in the wake of victory.

元以兵柄付擴廓，圍城數重，猱頭等告急。 The Yuan gave military command to Köke Temür, who laid siege in concentric rings; Yaotou sent urgent appeals for aid.

History of Ming, Chapter 135Volume 135 Biographies 23: Chen Yu, Ye Dui, Fan Chang, Song Siyan, Guo Jingxiang, Yang Yuangao, Ruan Hongdao, Kong Keren · 5 passages

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後奉命偕錢楨至河南，報擴廓聘，為所留。 Later, ordered to go with Qian Zhen to Henan to report on Köke Temür's marriage proposal, he was detained.

太祖前後七致擴廓書，終不報。 The Founder sent seven letters to Köke Temür in succession, yet received no reply.

洪武元年，大軍下河、洛，擴廓走定西，河始得歸，被拘凡六年。 In Hongwu 1 the main army descended on the He and Luo regions; Köke Temür fled to Dingxi; He was only then able to return, having been held for six years.

又曰：「天下用兵，河北有孛羅帖木兒，河南有擴廓帖木兒，關中有李思齊、張良弼。 He also said, "Across the realm at war, Hebei has Boluo Temür, Henan has Köke Temür, and Guanzhong has Li Siqi and Zhang Liangbi.

擴廓挾太子以稱戈，急私仇，無敵愾之志。 Köke held the crown prince hostage and took up arms, pressing private enmities and lacking any will to resist the common foe.

History of Yuan, Chapter 111Volume 111 Tables 6: Three Ducal Ministers 2 · 3 passages

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擴廓帖木兒 Köke Temür

History of Yuan, Chapter 114Volume 114 Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts 1 · 3 passages

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及孛羅帖木兒死，召皇太子還京師，后傳旨令廓擴帖木兒以兵擁皇太子入城，欲脅帝禪位。 When Bolu Temür died, the crown prince was summoned back to the capital; the empress transmitted an order for Köke Temür to escort the crown prince into the city with troops, intending to coerce the emperor to abdicate.