Hu Linyi (胡林翼) | 24 Histories

Overview

Hu Linyi was an official and General.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 179
AD 1861 林翼亦卒
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 147

Attested activity

AD 1851 咸豐元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 8
AD 1857 to AD 1861 AD 1857-1861
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 147
AD 1857 七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 102, 104
AD 1855 五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 39
AD 1855 五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 77-78
AD 1858 八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 387, passages 9, 21

Show 30 more source-backed claims

AD 1856 六年，率湘左兩營從巡撫胡林翼攻武昌
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 136
AD 1856 六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 87, 94
AD 1856 六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 432, passages 100-101
AD 1861 十一年，胡林翼駐軍英山，病甚
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 119
AD 1857 咸豐七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 415, passages 144, 148
AD 1859 咸豐九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 438, passage 5
AD 1859 咸豐九年冬
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passages 13, 15
AD 1855 咸豐五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 415, passages 136, 139
AD 1855 咸豐五年前後
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 17
AD 1855 to AD 1859 咸豐五年至九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 19
AD 1851 to AD 1854 咸豐元年至四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 29, 32, 48
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 430, passage 41
AD 1856 咸豐六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passages 144, 146; Draft History of Qing 433, passage 79
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 64
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 94
AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 179
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 120, 125
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 51
AD 1860 咸豐十年正月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 19
AD 1858 咸豐間
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 56
AD 1859 咸豐間
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 113
AD 1854 四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 65
AD 1842 to AD 1851 尋以府經歷揀發貴州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7
AD 1861 林翼
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 145
AD 1858 to AD 1859 湖北巡撫胡林翼奏
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194
AD 1855 to AD 1861 胡林翼
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 130
AD 1850 to AD 1861 胡林翼中興事功
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 54
AD 1858 胡林翼令於蘄州境內建碉卡
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 112
AD 1855 to AD 1856 薦諸巡撫胡林翼
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passages 105-106
AD 1839 道光十九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 191, 197

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Han 漢
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 271

Career and standing

Governor of Hubei 湖北巡撫
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 39
Hubei governor 湖北巡撫
AD 1859 咸豐九年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 438, passage 5
governor of Hubei 湖北巡撫
AD 1855 to AD 1859 咸豐五年至九年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 19
Governor 巡撫
AD 1856 咸豐六年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 144
governor 巡撫
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 94
defender of Liping 守黎平
AD 1842 to AD 1851 尋以府經歷揀發貴州 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7

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governor / xunfu 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 101
Governor of Hubei 湖北巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194; Draft History of Qing 405, passage 94
Governor 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 105
prefect of Liping in Guizhou 貴州黎平知府
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 32
Prefect of Liping 黎平知府
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 64
dedicated shrine 專祠
AD 1895 二十一年 · Received attached worship of · With Zhu Hongzhang (朱洪章)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 102

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 64
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194; Draft History of Qing 386, passage 271; Draft History of Qing 387, passage 21; Draft History of Qing 405, passages 78, 94, 113, 145; Draft History of Qing 414, passage 105; Draft History of Qing 420, passages 7, 19; Draft History of Qing 424, passage 130; Draft History of Qing 429, passage 94; Draft History of Qing 430, passage 41; Draft History of Qing 432, passages 101, 112; Draft History of Qing 433, passages 13, 51, 79
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 388, passages 147, 190, 256; Draft History of Qing 414, passage 64; Draft History of Qing 420, passage 54
AD 1855 to AD 1859 咸豐五年至九年
At Hubei 湖北 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 19
AD 1842 to AD 1851 尋以府經歷揀發貴州
At Liping 黎平 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7
At Hubei 湖北 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194

Works and attributed material

Urged entrusting Jiangnan to Zeng
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 125
AD 1860 咸豐十年正月
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passages 19-20
joint memorials recommending Chao 交章論薦
Memorial · Author · With Han Chao (韓超)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 19
Memorial · Author · With Li Chengmou (李成謀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 415, passage 148
Memorial · Author · With Li Chengmou (李成謀)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 415, passage 140
Memorial · Author · Topic tribute-grain reform to cash collection
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194

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recommended Chao to Governor Jiang 言之巡撫蔣霨遠
Speech · Speaker · With Jiang Yuanyuan (蔣霨遠)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7

Events and relationships

Assigned
Military · Superior · With Tao Maolin (陶茂林)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 430, passage 41
Campaigned
AD 1851 咸豐元年 · Military · Commander · At Wusha 烏沙 · With Han Chao (韓超) · Summary Led the punitive campaign against the Wusha Miao, with Chao following 超從林翼進剿
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 8
Carried out restoration strategies
AD 1851 to AD 1874 咸、同之間 · Political · Strategist · With Wen Qing (文慶)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 270-271
Gravely ill
AD 1861 十一年，胡林翼駐軍英山，病甚 · Medical · Patient · At Yingshan 英山
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 119
Ordered fortifications
Military · Commander · At Qizhou 蘄州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 112
Ordered suppression
AD 1856 六年 · Military · Commander · With Tang Xunfang (唐訓方) · At Xiangyang 襄陽
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 432, passages 100-101

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Organized militia against local bandits; later to join Huangzhou campaign
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 32, 43
Recovered Wuchang
AD 1856 咸豐六年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 146
Relieved Hubei
AD 1854 四年 · Military · Commander · At Hubei 湖北
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 65
Secured Hubei
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 104
Sent to relieve Hubei
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 78
Sought end tribute graft collect in cash
Administrative · Proposer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194
Suppressed bandits
Military · Commander · At Xinning 新寧
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 64
With Zeng Guofan planned the Anhui campaign, concentrating forces at Qianshan and Taihu
AD 1859 咸豐九年冬 · Military · Planner · With Zeng Guofan (曾國籓)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 13
spoke of Chao to the governor 言之巡撫蔣霨遠
Relation Reported to · Person Jiang Yuanyuan (蔣霨遠)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7
Relation Received recommendation from · Person Luo Zinan (羅澤南) · With Liu Lianjie (劉連捷)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 105
Relation Commander of · Person Jiang Ningxue (蔣凝學)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 136
Relation Subordinate of · Person Zeng Guofan (曾國籓)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 78
Relation Marriage alliance with · Person Tao Shu (陶澍)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 197
Relation Colleague of · Person Guan Wen (官文)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passages 201, 217
Relation Recommender of · Person Liu Rong (劉蓉)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 389, passage 105
Relation Superior of · Person Wu Kunxiu (吳坤修)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 79
Relation Enshrined with · Person Han Chao (韓超)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 54
Relation Recommender of · Person Han Chao (韓超)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passages 7, 19
Relation Relied on · Person Han Chao (韓超)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 7
Relation Superior of · Person Tang Xunfang (唐訓方)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 112
Relation Patron of · Person Yu Jichang (餘際昌)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 94

Assessments and attributes

Assessment without Bao's army the line could not have been held so long · About Person Id Bao Chao (鮑超) · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Hu Linyi (胡林翼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 19
Assessment without Guochen's unexpected stroke danger could not have been turned to safety · About Person Id Jin Guochen (金國琛) · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Hu Linyi (胡林翼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 20
Assessment admired by Chen Baozhen as model for recommending talent · Mode named-person-report · Source Person Id Chen Baozhen (陳寶箴)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 64
Assessment benchmark of ability alongside Zeng Guofan · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Mao Hongbin (毛鴻賓)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 424, passage 130
Assessment dominant-partner-in-Hubei-administration · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 166
Assessment filial to parents · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Hu Linyi (胡林翼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 415, passage 148

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Assessment later became a famous statesman · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 197
Item Hu Linyi's temple 胡林翼祠 · Relation Commemorated by
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 420, passage 54

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 194; Draft History of Qing 414, passage 105; Draft History of Qing 420, passages 7, 54
Value historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 414, passage 64

References in the histories

Search passages

History

65 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 379Volume 379 Biographies 166: Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Ceng Sheng, Tao Shu · 1 passage

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左宗棠、胡林翼皆識之未遇，結為婚姻，後俱為名臣。 Zuo Zongtang and Hu Linyi were both known to him before they had risen to prominence, and marriage ties were formed between their families; both later became famous statesmen.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 385Volume 385 Biographies 172: Du Shoutian Son: Han, Qi Junzao Son: Shi Zhang, Weng Xincun, Peng Yunzhang · 1 passage

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湖北巡撫胡林翼奏除漕務中飽之弊，請改徵折色。 Hubei governor Hu Linyi asked to end tribute-grain graft by collecting in cash.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 386Volume 386 Biographies 173: Wen Qing, Wen Xiang, Bao Yun · 2 passages

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曾與胡林翼同典試，深知其才略，屢密薦，由貴州道員一歲之間擢至湖北巡撫，凡所奏請，無不從者。 Having once served with Hu Linyi as chief examiner, he knew Hu's ability well and recommended him again and again in secret; within a year Hu rose from Guizhou circuit intendant to Hubei governor, and every request Wen Qing made on his behalf was approved.

文慶倡言重用漢臣，俾曾國籓、胡林翼等得展經猷，以建中興之業，其功甚偉。 Wen Qing urged employing Han officials, enabling Zeng Guofan, Hu Linyi, and others to carry out their strategies and build the restoration—an achievement of great weight.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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於剿匪主用湘軍，曾國籓、胡林翼每有陳奏，多得報可，長江上游以次收復。 For pacification he chiefly employed the Hunan Army; memorials from Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi were usually approved, and the upper Yangtze was retaken one stretch after another.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 388Volume 388 Biographies 175: Gui Liang, Rui Lin Son: Huai Tabu, Guan Wen, Wen Yu · 15 passages

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巡撫胡林翼規复武昌。 Governor Hu Linyi planned the recovery of Wuchang.

林翼亦復武昌，詔嘉獎，賜花翎。 Hu Linyi also recovered Wuchang. The court commended them and awarded peacock feathers.

七年，偕林翼疏言：「湖北為長江上游要害，武漢尤九省通衢，自來東南有事必爭之地。 In Xianfeng 7 he and Hu Linyi memorialized: "Hubei commands the upper Yangzi, and Wuhan is the crossroads of nine provinces—a prize in every southeastern crisis.

林翼以巡撫駐金口，凡下游武、漢、黃、德諸郡兵事餉事悉主之。 Hu Linyi as governor at Jinkou controlled military affairs and supplies in the lower Wu, Han, Huang, and De prefectures.

武昌既复，林翼威望日起，官文自知不及，思假以為重，林翼益推誠相結納，於是吏治、財政、軍事悉聽林翼主持，官文畫諾而已。 After Wuchang was recovered, Hu Linyi's prestige grew daily. Guan Wen knew he could not match him and sought to share in his authority; Hu Linyi responded with genuine cooperation. Civil administration, finance, and military affairs all passed to Hu Linyi, while Guan Wen merely assented.

七月，胡林翼丁母憂，官文疏請留林翼治軍，改為署理，從之。 In the seventh month Hu Linyi entered mourning for his mother. Guan Wen asked that he remain to command the army in an acting capacity, and the court agreed.

是年，胡林翼病歿，嚴樹森代之。 That year Hu Linyi died of illness and Yan Shusen succeeded him.

蓋褒其能與胡林翼和衷卒成大功也。 The honor reflected his harmonious cooperation with Hu Linyi in achieving victory.

尋以疆臣請合祀湖北胡林翼專祠。 Frontier officials soon asked that he be jointly enshrined in Hu Linyi's temple in Hubei.

當官文之在湖北，事事聽林翼所為，惟馭下不嚴，用財不節，林翼憂之。 While Guan Wen was in Hubei he let Hu Linyi decide everything, but his lax discipline over subordinates and lavish spending troubled Hu Linyi.

閻敬銘方佐治餉，一日林翼與言，恐誤疆事。 Yan Jingming was then managing supplies. One day Hu Linyi confided his fear that frontier affairs would suffer.

林翼大悟。 Hu Linyi was greatly enlightened.

及林翼歿，督撫不相能，官文劾嚴樹森去之； After Hu Linyi died, governor-general and governor clashed. Guan Wen impeached Yan Shusen and removed him;

官文晚節建樹不能如曩時，然林翼非官文之虛己推誠，亦無以成大功，世故兩賢之。 Guan Wen's later achievements did not match his early years, yet without Guan Wen's sincere deference Hu Linyi could not have succeeded; the world therefore esteems both men.

官文雖無過人之才，推賢讓能，奠安江漢，與曾國籓、胡林翼和衷規畫，竟完戡定之功。 Guan Wen lacked surpassing talent but deferred to able men, secured the Yangzi heartland, and planned in harmony with Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi to complete the pacification.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 389Volume 389 Biographies 176: Bai Jun, Lin Kui, Rui Chang, Quan Qing · 1 passage

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時陝西巡撫劉蓉驟起膺疆寄，為編修蔡壽祺所劾，蓉自陳辯，疏中引及胡林翼密薦之詞，又倚任布政使林壽圖，為人所忌。 At the time Shaanxi Governor Liu Rong, who had risen swiftly to frontier command, was impeached by Compiler Cai Shouqi. Liu defended himself by citing Hu Linyi's secret recommendation and his reliance on Administration Commissioner Lin Shoutu—both of which made him enemies.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 396Volume 396 Biographies 183: Wu Wenrong, Pan Duo, Deng Erheng · 2 passages

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貴州黎平知府胡林翼治團練剿土匪，令得便宜從事，疏薦之。 Hu Lin-yi, prefect of Liping in Guizhou, organized militia to suppress local bandits; Wenrong authorized him to act as circumstances required and memorialized recommending him.

文鎔方調胡林翼率黔勇來會剿，又約曾國籓水師夾攻，擬俟兩軍至大舉滅賊。 Wenrong was then arranging for Hu Lin-yi to lead Guizhou braves to join in suppression, and also coordinating with Zeng Guofan's naval forces for a pincer attack, planning to wait until both armies arrived and then launch a major campaign to destroy the rebels.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 405Volume 405 Biographies 192: Ceng Guofan · 10 passages

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國籓遣胡林翼等軍還援湖北，塔齊布留攻九江，而躬至南昌撫定水師之困內湖者。 Guofan sent Hu Linyi and others back to relieve Hubei, left Taqibu to press the siege of Jiujiang, and went in person to Nanchang to steady the fleet trapped in Poyang Lake.

林翼已為湖北巡撫，國籓弟國華、國葆用父命乞師林翼，將五千人攻瑞州。 Hu Linyi was now Governor of Hubei; Guofan's brothers Guohua and Guobao, invoking their father's order, begged troops from Hu Linyi and led five thousand men against Ruizhou.

林翼既定湖北，進圍九江，破湖口，水師絕數年復合。 Once Hu Linyi had secured Hubei, he pressed the siege of Jiujiang, broke Hukou, and after years cut off the river fleet was reunited.

林翼以此軍創始國籓，楊、彭皆其舊部，請起國籓視師。 Hu Linyi, pointing out that Zeng Guofan had created this army and that Yang Zaifu and Peng Yulin were both his old officers, asked that Zeng Guofan be recalled to command the forces.

上慮四川且有變，林翼亦以湖北餉倚川鹽，而國籓又久治兵，無疆寄，乃與官文合疏請國籓援蜀。 The emperor feared Sichuan might also be unsettled; Hu Linyi argued that Hubei's supplies depended on Sichuan salt, and that Zeng Guofan, long at war, held no territorial post—he and Guan Wen jointly memorialized asking that Zeng Guofan be sent to relieve Sichuan.

會賊竄廣西，上游兵事解，而陳玉成再破廬州，續賓戰歿三河，林翼以群盜蔓廬、壽間，終為楚患，乃改議留國籓合謀皖。 When the rebels fled into Guangxi and eased pressure upstream, Chen Yucheng again seized Luzhou and Li Xubing was killed at Sanhe; Hu Linyi, seeing bandits spreading between Luzhou and Shouzhou and ultimately threatening Hunan, changed course and urged keeping Zeng Guofan to plan the Anhui campaign together.

國籓由宿松、石牌規安慶，多隆阿、鮑超出太湖取桐城，林翼自英山鄉舒、六。 Zeng Guofan advanced from Susong and Shipai toward Anqing; Duolonga and Bao Chao crossed Lake Tai to seize Tongcheng; Hu Linyi marched from Yingshan toward Shucheng and Lu'an.

林翼曰：「朝廷以江南事付曾公，天下不足平也。」 Hu Linyi said, "If the court entrusts the affairs of Jiangnan to Lord Zeng, the whole realm can be pacified."

多隆阿連敗賊桐城，鮑超一軍游擊無定居，林翼復遣將助之。 Duolonga repeatedly defeated the rebels at Tongcheng; Bao Chao's division raided without a fixed base; Hu Linyi again sent generals to assist.

捷聞，而文宗崩，林翼亦卒。 When victory was reported, Emperor Xianfeng died and Hu Linyi also passed away.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 414Volume 414 Biographies 201: Li Chendian, Xiao Fusi, Zhu Hongzhang, Liu Lianjie, Peng Yuju, Zhang Shiri, Wu Weishou, Zhu Nangui, Luo Fengyuan, Li Xianghe, Xiao Qingyan, Wu Zongguo · 4 passages

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咸豐初，應募為鄉勇，從黎平知府胡林翼剿新寧竄匪，又剿黃平榔匪，擒匪首劉瞎麼，以功獎外委。 Early in Xianfeng he joined the local militia, followed Prefect Hu Linyi of Liping against bandits driven into Xinning, then against the Lang bandits of Huangping, capturing their leader Liu Xiamo and earning the rank of externe corporal.

四年，從林翼援湖北，會克岳州。 In the fourth year he marched with Linyi to relieve Hubei and helped take Yuezhou.

詔宣付史館，從優議卹，諡武慎，附祀曾國籓、國荃、胡林翼專祠。 The throne ordered the report sent to the Historiographical Institute, directed generous posthumous honors, and gave him the name Wushen, with a place in the dedicated shrines of Zeng Guofan, Guoquan, and Hu Linyi.

羅澤南薦諸巡撫胡林翼，檄領副後營，擢千總。 Luo Zinan recommended him to Governor Hu Linyi, who ordered him to lead the deputy rear battalion and promoted him to platoon leader.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 415Volume 415 Biographies 202: Huang Yisheng, Ding Yifang, Wang Ji, Wu Jiabang, Li Chengmou, Li Chaobin, Jiang Fushan, Liu Peiyuan · 3 passages

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成謀身長八尺，力能一手豎大桅，素為胡林翼所器重。 Chengmou stood eight feet tall and could raise a mainmast with one hand; Hu Linyi had long prized him.

至是薦其每戰衝鋒，廉明愛士，堪勝水陸方鎮之任，詔記名，俟軍事稍閒，送部引見。 Hu now recommended him as a front-line fighter, upright and devoted to his men, fit for a dual land-and-river command; the court noted his name for presentation at the ministry when the war eased.

胡林翼奏「肅清江面，成謀之功為最，平日事親孝」，特給二品封典。 Hu Linyi memorialized: "In clearing the river Chengmou's service stood first, and in daily life he was filial to his parents," and the court specially granted him second-rank enfeoffment privilege.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 420Volume 420 Biographies 207: Han Chao, Tian Xingshu, Ceng Biguang, Xi Baotian · 4 passages

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胡林翼守黎平，深倚重之，言之巡撫蔣霨遠，超由是知名。 Hu Linyi, defending Liping, came to rely heavily on him and recommended him to Governor Jiang Weiyuan, and Chao won fame from that time.

咸豐元年，烏沙苗倡亂，超從林翼進剿，馳風雪中，先後斬獲數百人，餘黨悉平。 In the first year of Xianfeng the Wusha Miao rebelled. Chao joined Linyi's punitive campaign, fighting through wind and snow, and in a series of engagements killed or captured hundreds until the remnant bands were wiped out.

四川總督駱秉章、湖北巡撫胡林翼交章論薦，侍郎王茂廕亦疏薦之，詔下巡撫問狀，以道員記名。 Sichuan Governor-General Luo Bingzhang and Hubei Governor Hu Linyi jointly recommended him in memorial after memorial, and Vice Minister Wang Maoyin also urged his promotion. The court ordered the provincial governor to report on his conduct and registered his name for a circuit intendant post.

貴州請建專祠，並附祀胡林翼祠。 Guizhou petitioned for a shrine in his honor and for him to be worshipped in Hu Linyi's temple as well.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 5 passages

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近日支持兩湖，賴有一二書生，如胡林翼、羅澤南，能以練膽為士卒先。 Lately the two Hu provinces have been held up chiefly by a few scholar-officials—Hu Linyi and Luo Zenan—who drilled their men in courage and led from the front.

臣聞見隘陋，非能盡識天下之才，所知湖南有左宗棠，通權達變，為疆吏所倚重，若使獨當一面，必不下於林翼、澤南。 My own horizon is limited and I cannot know every worthy man in the empire, but in Hunan there is Zuo Zongtang—flexible, decisive, and already indispensable to provincial governors. Given an independent command he would rank with Hu Linyi and Luo Zinan.

今賊窺伺楚北，分擾廣濟、黃岡，逼近省城，撫臣胡林翼兵勇數千，眾寡懸絕，江路綿遠，首尾不能兼顧。 The rebels now probed northern Hubei, raided Guangji and Huanggang, and closed on the provincial capital. Governor Hu Linyi had only a few thousand men—far too few—and could not cover the long river line at once.

胡林翼等自武漢進逼九江，而安徽之賊，或自英、霍走湖北，牽我上游，或自徽、歙擾浙西，窺我腹地。 While Hu Linyi pressed Jiujiang from Wuhan, Anhui rebels might strike into Hubei from Yingshan and Huoshan to tie down the upper river, or raid western Zhejiang from Huizhou and Shexian to threaten the interior.

胡林翼疏薦耕雲胸有權略，請起用。 Hu Linyi memorialized that Gengyun had real strategic talent and asked that he be recalled to service.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 424Volume 424 Biographies 211: Wu Zhenyu, Zhang Liangji, Mao Hongbin, Zhang Kaisong · 1 passage

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如左宗棠識略過人，其才力不在曾國籓、胡林翼之下，今但使之帶勇，殊不足以盡其長，倘畀以封疆重任，必能保境安民，兼顧大局。 Zuo Zongtang's vision surpasses ordinary men; his ability matches Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi. Yet he is only allowed to lead troops, which wastes his gifts; give him a major frontier post and he will secure the province, calm the people, and serve the larger cause.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 429Volume 429 Biographies 216: Jiang Zhongyi, Zhou Kuanshi, Shi Qingji, Yu Jichang, Lin Wencha, Zhao Deguang, Zhang Wende · 1 passage

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咸豐初入伍，剿匪積功至守備，署撫標右營游擊，為巡撫胡林翼所識拔。 He enlisted early in Xianfeng, rose through bandit suppression to garrison commander, served as acting regimental commander of the governor's right battalion, and won the patronage of Governor Hu Linyi.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 430Volume 430 Biographies 217: Lei Zhengwan, Tao Maolin, Cao Kezhong, Hu Zhonghe, He Shengbi, Xiao Qinggao, Yang Fudong, Zhou Dawu, Li Huiwu, Tang Yougeng · 1 passage

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咸豐八年，胡林翼調為楚軍營官，扼黃州，破賊霍山、舒城，克建德，擢參將。 In the eighth year of Xianfeng Hu Lin'yi assigned him as a Chu Army battalion officer to hold Huangzhou. He defeated rebels at Huoshan and Shucheng, captured Jiande, and was promoted to regimental commander.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 432Volume 432 Biographies 219: Xiao Qijiang, Zhang Yunlan, Tang Xunfang, Jiang Ningxue, Chen Shi, Li Yuandu · 4 passages

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會襄陽土匪高二倡亂，圍府城，巡撫胡林翼令訓方偕舒保馬隊往剿。 When the Xiangyang bandit Gao Er rebelled and besieged the prefectural seat, Governor Hu Linyi sent Xunfang with Shu Bao's cavalry to put them down.

胡林翼令於蘄州境內建碉卡，訓方以二千人守之，賊迭來攻，皆擊退，賜號奇齊葉勒特依巴圖魯。 Hu Linyi ordered fortified posts built in Qizhou; Xunfang held them with two thousand men and beat back repeated assaults; he was awarded the Manchu title Qiqiyeleteyi Batulu.

十一年，胡林翼駐軍英山，病甚。 In 1861 Hu Linyi lay gravely ill with his headquarters at Yingshan.

六年，率湘左兩營從巡撫胡林翼攻武昌。 In 1856 he led two battalions under Governor Hu Linyi in the assault on Wuchang.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 433Volume 433 Biographies 220: Jin Guochen, Huang Chunxi, Wu Kunxiu, Kang Guoqi, Li Hezhang Younger Brother: Zhao Qing, Wu Yulan · 5 passages

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其冬，胡林翼、曾國籓規皖，精兵猛將萃於潛山、太湖。 That winter Hu Linyi and Zeng Guofan laid plans for Anhui, concentrating elite troops and veteran commanders at Qianshan and Taihu.

先是林翼以國琛行軍善規地勢，令率十四營冒雪趨天堂備援。 Earlier, because Linyi knew Guochen excelled at judging ground on campaign, he had sent him with fourteen battalions through the snow toward Tiantang to stand ready as reinforcements.

林翼疏陳：「非鮑軍之堅忍，不能久持； Linyi wrote in a memorial: "Without the steadfast endurance of Bao's army the line could not have been held so long;

駱秉章奉命赴四川督師，湘軍名將勁兵多從曾國籓、胡林翼，劉蓉薦淳熙兵精善戰，秉章遂以淳熙與劉岳昭從行。 When Luo Bingzhang was ordered to Sichuan to take command, most of the Hunan army's star generals and crack troops had gone with Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi; Liu Rong recommended Chunxi's force as elite and battle-hardened, so Bingzhang took Chunxi and Liu Yuezhao with him.

六年，江西軍事不利，胡林翼令坤修領新募軍曰彪字營，會湘軍援江西。 In the sixth year, when Jiangxi's campaign went badly, Hu Linyi put Kunxiu in command of newly raised troops called the Biaozi Battalion to join the Hunan army in relieving Jiangxi.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 438Volume 438 Biographies 225: Yan Jingming, Zhang Zhiwan, Lu Chuan Lin, Lin Shaonian · 3 passages

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咸豐九年，湖北巡撫胡林翼奏調赴鄂，總司糧台營務。 In the ninth year of Xianfeng, Hubei governor Hu Linyi memorialized to have him transferred to Hubei to take charge of grain supplies and camp affairs.

林翼請病，复疏薦敬銘才，授湖北按察使。 When Hu Linyi fell ill and requested leave, he again memorialized recommending Jingming's ability, and Jingming was appointed provincial judicial commissioner of Hubei.

如胡林翼、曾國籓、左宗棠倡率鄉里，楚將之名遂著。 Men such as Hu Linyi, Zeng Guofan, and Zuo Zongtang rallied their home districts, and the renown of Chu generals thus became famous.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren · 1 passage

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寶箴素慕曾、胡薦士，因上言楊銳、劉光第、譚嗣同、林旭佐新政。 Baozhen had long admired how Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi recommended men, and therefore memorialized that Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong, and Lin Xu should assist the new policies.