Overview
Guangxu Emperor was an Eleventh emperor of the Qing dynasty, whose reign included the Hundred Days' Reform.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | Jing | 景 | Jing |
| Temple name | Dezong | 德宗 | Dezong |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1908 德宗暨慈禧皇太后相繼崩Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 186
Attested activity
- AD 1884 光緒十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 458, passages 33, 36, 39, 46, 111-112, 140
- AD 1883 九年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 89
- AD 1898 二十四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 464, passages 15, 118
- AD 1898 二十四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 473, passage 73
- AD 1894 二十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 48
- AD 1895 二十年前後Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 57
Show 27 more source-backed claims
- AD 1881 光緒七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 101, 103
- AD 1895 光緒二十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 473, passage 67
- AD 1901 光緒二十七年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 181, 185
- AD 1900 光緒二十六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 117; Draft History of Qing 495, passage 8
- AD 1898 光緒二十四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 190-191; Draft History of Qing 436, passage 147
- AD 1898 光緒二十四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passages 220, 225
- AD 1894 光緒二十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 135
- AD 1876 光緒二年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 116
- AD 1876 光緒二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 468, passage 15
- AD 1882 to AD 1895 光緒年間Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 15
- AD 1875 to AD 1908 光緒朝Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 252
- AD 1875 to AD 1890 光緒朝記事Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 54, 62, 100, 103
- AD 1902 兩宮回鑾Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 472, passage 72
- AD 1900 兩宮西巡、兩宮西狩、兩宮西幸Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 472, passages 10, 69, 153
- AD 1875 十餘年來，仰賴皇太后、皇上Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109, 121
- AD 1875 to AD 1898 德宗Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 47
- AD 1875 德宗嗣統Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 8
- AD 1908 德宗崩Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 472, passage 80
- AD 1875 to AD 1908 德宗幼沖繼統Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 115
- AD 1908 德宗暨慈禧皇太后相繼崩Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 186
- AD 1900 德宗末葉，庚子Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 20
- AD 1875 德宗繼統即位Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- AD 1875 德宗繼統嗣文宗Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 63
- AD 1875 德宗纘業Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 441, passage 94; Draft History of Qing 445, passage 17
- AD 1898 戊戌Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 220
- AD 1875 to AD 1908 沿及德宗Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 244
- AD 1875 to AD 1908 穆宗、德宗兩經垂簾Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 144, passage 126
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Child of Xianfeng Emperor (咸豐帝)adopted son 為子 · Adoptive parentageDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 445, passage 24
- Kin of Empress Dowager (皇太后)empress dowager 皇太后Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 192
- Child of Yiyi (奕枻)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 445, passage 24
- Kin of Emperor Muzong (穆宗)successor-as-son 嗣Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 445, passage 42
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464 Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren 25 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 458 Volume 458 Biographies 245: Xu Yanxu, Tang Jiong, He Jing, Zhang Zhaodong 7 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441 Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia 3 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 463 Volume 463 Biographies 250: Tang Jingsong, Liu Yongfu 3 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 444 Volume 444 Biographies 231: Huang Tifang, Zong Shibaoting, Zong Shishengyu, Zhang Peilun, Deng Chengxiu, Xu Zhixiang 14 passages
Career and standing
- EnteredAD 1875 幼沖繼統 · AccessionDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 115
- AscendedAD 1875 德宗繼統即位Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- As successor emperor 嗣皇帝Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 445, passages 17, 24
- AD 1875 德宗嗣統Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 8
- AD 1875 德宗繼統嗣文宗Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 63
- Empress dowager resumed curtain rule; new policies abolishedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 473, passage 92
Places and affiliations
- Qing 清Relation RuledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 225
- Qing 清Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 15
- Polity Qing · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 458, passage 33
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 191; Draft History of Qing 111, passage 103; Draft History of Qing 142, passage 20; Draft History of Qing 144, passage 126; Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109, 121; Draft History of Qing 444, passage 63; Draft History of Qing 449, passages 240, 252; Draft History of Qing 495, passage 8
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 93
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 8
Works and attributed material
- AD 1898 二十四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passages 139-142
- Speech · Addressee · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 103
- Speech · Speaker
Events and relationships
- Ascended throneDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- Attempted revival of military inspectionPolitical · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 244
- Coffin moved to Western TombsAD 1909 宣統元年 · Ritual · Deceased emperor · At Western Tombs 西陵Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 240
- Commended and accepted Feng Xu memorials on self strengtheningCourt · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 252
- Directed military and disciplinary decisions during the warAD 1884 光緒十年 · Government · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 458, passages 33, 36, 39, 46, 111-112, 140
- Fled west with empress dowagerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 495, passage 8
Show 13 more source-backed claims
- Fled westAD 1900 光緒二十六年 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 117
- Had grand secretary carry execution list by proxy during regencyRitual · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 144, passage 126
- Jade ripples audienceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 193-196, 198
- Launched Wuxu reformsAD 1898 戊戌 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passages 220-221
- Personally reviewed new drillRitual · Presiding sovereign · At Tuanhe and Tianjin 團河及天津Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 225
- Reappointed river commissionerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 47
- Received on behalf of empress dowagerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 192
- Received prince henryDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 191
- Reign during boxer crisisPolitical · RulerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 20
- Relation Designated to provide heir for · Person Emperor Tongzhi (穆宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 63
- Relation Successor of · Person Emperor Tongzhi (穆宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- Relation Heir to · Person Emperor Xianfeng (文宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 63
- Relation Co sovereign with · Person Empress Dowager (母后)Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 117
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment ruled with tireless diligence and vigilance aligning policy with popular wishes · Mode quotation Speaker Wenxiang (文祥)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 121-122
- Assessment sage-by-nature · Mode named-source-report Speaker Baoting (寶廷)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 75
- Assessment strove-to-revive-but-momentum-failed · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 244
Source notes
- Historicity historical
References in the histories
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