Li Henian (李鶴年) | 24 Histories

Overview

Li Henian was an official and Governor-General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Zihe	子和	Zihe

Life and dates

Death

AD 1890 十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 39

Attested activity

AD 1853 to AD 1884 AD 1853-1884
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 245
AD 1868 七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 18
AD 1881 七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 31
AD 1875 光緒元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 30
AD 1882 光緒八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 391, passage 64
AD 1887 光緒十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 69

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AD 1887 十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 33
AD 1890 十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 39
AD 1871 十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 23
AD 1884 十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 32
AD 1868 同治七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 49
AD 1862 同治元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 4
AD 1874 同治十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 465, passages 56-57
AD 1865 同治四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 90
AD 1865 四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 5
AD 1866 巡撫李鶴年增練兩大軍
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 461, passages 22-24
AD 1845 道光二十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Bao Xun (葆恂)
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 49
Child of Father of Li Henian
father 父
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 3

Key source chapters

Career and standing

governor of Henan 河南巡撫
AD 1881 七年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 31
Yellow River commissioner east of the river 河東河道總督
AD 1875 光緒元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 30
Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang 閩浙總督
AD 1871 十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 23
intendant of the Chang-Zhen-Tong-Hai Circuit 常鎮通海道
AD 1862 同治元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 4
governor of Hubei 湖北巡撫
AD 1865 四年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 5
acting Fuzhou general 署福州將軍
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 25

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acting Henan judicial commissioner 署河南按察使
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 4
censor 御史
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2
supervising secretary 給事中
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2
Zhili provincial treasurer 直隸布政使
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 4
Governor (xunfu) 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 23
Governor 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 57
Hanlin compiler 編修
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2
governor of Henan 河南巡撫
AD 1865 四年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 5
original office posthumously restored 開復原官
AD 1909 宣統元年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 40
first-rank official hat finial 頭品頂戴
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 17
privilege of riding a horse inside the Forbidden City 紫禁城騎馬
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 24
third-rank nominal status 三品銜
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 38
hat finial 頂戴
Restored
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 21
Entered
Demoted two ranks
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 32
Entered
Released
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 38
censured and demoted 譴謫
Punished
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 57
Received
AD 1884 十年 · Dismissal recommended
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 32
Received
Disciplinary censure
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 20
Sent
AD 1888 逾年 · Military penal station
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 37

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 245
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 23; Draft History of Qing 465, passage 57
At Yizhou in Fengtian 奉天義州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 1

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1845 道光二十五年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 2

Works and attributed material

Memorial · Author · Topic building a private shrine for Wo Ren at Kaifeng
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 391, passage 64
Memorial · Author · Topic coastal defense
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 26-28
Memorial · Author · Topic Yellow River channels
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 33-35

Events and relationships

Expanded Songwu and Yijun commands
Administrative · Governor · With Song Qing (宋慶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 23
Impeached
Political · Accuser · With Sushun (肅順)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 42
Pacified
Military · Commander · With Zhang Zongwan (張總愚)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 22
Raised armies
Military · Commander · Counterpart Nian rebels
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 6-9
Recalled
Political · Recommender · With Zeng Guofan (曾國籓)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 42
Secured Heigang dike
Public works · Supervisor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 45-46

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Supervised operations
Military · Commander · At Chen, Liu, and Qi 陳、留、杞 · With Zhang Zongwan (張總愚)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 10
Relation Commander of · Person Zhang Yao (張曜)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 8, 43
Relation Classmate of · Person Wenxiang (文祥)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 41
Relation Commander of · Person Song Qing (宋慶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passages 7, 43
Relation Commander of · Person Shan Qing (善慶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 9

Assessments and attributes

Assessment famed for river control · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 217
Assessment keen eye for talent · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 41
Assessment many benevolent policies in Henan · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 44

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 388Volume 388 Biographies 175: Gui Liang, Rui Lin Son: Huai Tabu, Guan Wen, Wen Yu · 1 passage

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十三年，日本兵船窺伺台灣，偕總督李鶴年、船政大臣疏陳防務。 In Tongzhi 13 Japanese warships threatened Taiwan. With Governor-General Li Henian and the naval affairs minister he memorialized on coastal defense.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 1 passage

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光緒八年，河南巡撫李鶴年奏建專祠於開封，允之。 In 1882 Henan governor Li Henian asked to erect a private shrine to Wo Ren at Kaifeng, and the request was granted.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 2 passages

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四年，張總愚犯畿輔，耕雲從巡撫李鶴年進軍磁州，建策築長圍斷賊歸路。 In the fourth year (1865), when Zhang Zongyu raided the capital region, Gengyun marched with Governor Li Henian to Cizhou and proposed a long encirclement to cut off the rebels' retreat.

耕雲在言路著直聲，出任監司，巡撫張之萬、李鶴年皆倚重之，軍事多所贊畫。 Gengyun was famed for blunt memorials as a censor. As a provincial official, Governors Zhang Zhiwan and Li Henian relied on him heavily for military planning.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 436Volume 436 Biographies 223: Shen Guifen, Li Hongzao, Weng Tonghe, Sun Yuwen · 3 passages

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李鶴年駐紮直、豫交界，防賊南竄； Li Henian should be posted on the Zhili-Henan border to block a southern breakout;

先是河道總督李鶴年、河南巡撫倪文蔚議於西壩興工，鴻藻至，仍之。 Canal director Li Henian and Henan governor Ni Wenwei had already decided to begin work on the western embankment; when Hongzao arrived, he continued their plan.

並奪李鶴年河道總督，命鴻藻暫行署理。 Li Henian was stripped of the canal directorship and Hongzao was ordered to act in his place.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 450Volume 450 Biographies 237: Li Henian, Wen Bin, Ren Daorong, Xu Zhenyi, Wu Dacheng · 13 passages

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李鶴年，字子和，奉天義州人。 Li Henian, styled Zihe, was a native of Yizhou in Fengtian.

時捻匪由山東南竄，鶴年以為十餘年來賊屢擾歸、陳、南、汝間，即去而他竄，必假道於豫。 When Nian rebels were driven south from Shandong, Henian reasoned that for more than a decade they had repeatedly struck the area between Guizhou, Chenzhou, Nanyang, and Ruzhou; whenever they moved on, they still had to cross through Henan.

於是宋慶等軍大破張總愚睢州，鶴年親赴陳、留、杞督戰。 Song Qing's forces then won a major victory over Zhang Zongyu at Suizhou, while Henian went in person to Chen, Liu, and Qi counties to direct operations.

任、賴各逆复乘虛北擾，鶴年以賊踪無定，防河尤急。 Ren and Lai then seized the moment to strike north again; since rebel movements were unpredictable, Henian insisted that river defense was the top priority.

鶴年飛檄水陸各軍沿堤剿堵。 Henian fired off urgent orders to land and river troops along the dike to drive off the rebels and seal the breach.

鶴年自駐許州策應，賊竄裕州，慶擊敗之。 Henian kept his headquarters at Xuzhou to coordinate the effort; when the rebels slipped into Yuzhou, Song Qing routed them.

賜鶴年頭品頂戴。 Henian was awarded the first-rank official hat finial.

鶴年有知人鑑，少與文祥同學相淬厲。 Henian had a keen eye for talent; as a young man he studied alongside Wen Xiang, and the two pushed each other to excel.

鶴年親督工二十餘晝夜，險工克濟。 Henian personally oversaw the repairs for more than twenty days and nights until the perilous stretch was secured.

德宗嘗詢李鴻藻以善治河者，鴻藻舉鶴年，上亦識前事之枉也，故再任河督。 Emperor Guangxu once asked Li Hongzao who best understood river control; Hongzao named Henian, and the emperor, recognizing that Henian had been wronged before, appointed him river commissioner again.

光緒五年，督漕北上，因請陛見，並與河督李鶴年、巡撫週恆祺會商運河事宜，通籌河道寬深，改設運口，導引衛河，設立堤壩，繪具圖說以進。 In 1879, while supervising the northern grain transport, he requested an audience and met with river commissioner Li Henian and governor Zhou Hengqi to discuss the Grand Canal; together they drew up a comprehensive plan to widen and deepen the waterways, relocate the transport entrance, channel in the Wei River, build dikes and sluices, and submitted illustrated proposals to the throne.

十四年，鄭州河再決，上震怒，褫河督李鶴年職，以大澂代之。 In 1888 the Zhengzhou breach opened again; the emperor was furious, dismissed river commissioner Li Henian, and replaced him with Dacheng.

鶴年以善治河稱，文彬論治河改運口，复淮流，亦頗有識。 Henian was famed for river control; Wen Bin's proposals to relocate the transport entrance and restore the Huai River also showed real insight.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 461Volume 461 Biographies 248: Song Qing, Lv Benyuan, Xu Bangdao, Ma Yukun, Yi Ke Tang A, Rong He, Zhang Shun · 1 passage

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巡撫李鶴年因增練兩大軍，令曜領嵩武軍，而以毅軍專屬慶。 Governor Li Henian then expanded two major forces, putting Zhang Yao in charge of the Songwu Army while the Yijun alone was placed under Qing's sole command.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 465Volume 465 Biographies 252: Xu Tong With: Yu Shi, Yu Shi Son: Cheng Yu, Gang Yi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qi Xiu, Ying Nian, Yu Lu With: Ting Yong, Yu Xian With: Li Tingxiao · 1 passage

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讞河南王樹汶獄，承旨研辨，獲平反，巡撫李鶴年以下譴謫有差。 In the Henan case of Wang Shuwen he followed imperial orders, secured a reversal, and Governor Li Henian and his subordinates were punished in varying degrees.