Song, Liao, and Jin · Southern Song philosopher, scholar, and commentator

Zhu Xi 朱熹

First attested AD 1130; died AD 1200

Passages
96
Chapters
25
Histories
4

Overview

Zhu Xi was a Southern Song philosopher, scholar, and commentator.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Other names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal name Master Zhu 朱子 Zhuzi
Posthumous name Master Wengong 文公
Epithet Master Zhu 硃子 Zhū Zǐ

Life and dates

Death

Attested activity

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Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Key source chapters

  1. History of Song, Chapter 430 Volume 430 Biographies 189: Taoist Scholars 4: Zhu Shimenren, Huang Gan, Li Fan, Zhang Qia, Chen Chun, Li Fangzi, Huang Hao 29 passages
  2. History of Song, Chapter 107 Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 10 passages
  3. History of Song, Chapter 392 Volume 392 Biographies 151: Zhao Ruyu and Son: Chongxian 7 passages
  4. History of Yuan, Chapter 171 Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng 7 passages
  5. History of Ming, Chapter 284 Volume 284 Biographies 172: Confucian Scholars 3 5 passages

Career and standing

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Places and affiliations

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Learning and skills

Works and attributed material

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Events and relationships

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Assessments and attributes

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Source notes

References in the histories

96 passages

History of Ming, Chapter 11Volume 11 Annals 11: Emperor Jing · 1 passage
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History of Ming, Chapter 52Volume 52 Treatises 28: Rites 6 · 2 passages
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History of Ming, Chapter 284Volume 284 Biographies 172: Confucian Scholars 3 · 5 passages
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 26Volume 26 Treatises 1: Astronomy 1, Celestial Phenomena, Earth Shape, and Terrestrial Distances · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 265Volume 265 Biographies 52: Tang Bin, Lu Longqi, Zhang Boxing · 5 passages
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 275Volume 275 Biographies 62: Ge Er Gu De, Zhao Shilin, Guo Shilong, Fu Lata, Ma Rulong · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 293Volume 293 Biographies 80: Li Fu, Cai Ting, Xie Jishi, Chen Xuehai · 3 passages
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濟世以所撰大學注、中庸疏進上，略言：「大學注中，九卿、科道所議諷刺三語，臣已改刪，惟分章釋義，遵古本不遵程、硃，習舉業者有成規，講道學者無厲禁。 Jishi presented his commentary on the Great Learning and his exegesis of the Doctrine of the Mean, stating briefly, "In the Great Learning commentary, the three satirical phrases deliberated by the Nine Chief Ministers and censors I have already revised and deleted. Only in dividing chapters and explaining meaning I follow the ancient text rather than Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. Those studying for examinations have fixed rules; those lecturing on the Way face no strict prohibition.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 340Volume 340 Biographies 127: Wang Jie, Dong Gao, Zhu Gui · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 4 passages
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 444Volume 444 Biographies 231: Huang Tifang, Zong Shibaoting, Zong Shishengyu, Zhang Peilun, Deng Chengxiu, Xu Zhixiang · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 495Volume 495 Biographies 282: Loyal and Righteous 9 · 1 passage
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History of Song, Chapter 98Volume 98 Treatises 51: Rites 1 · 1 passage
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其後朱熹講明詳備，嘗欲取《儀禮》、《周官》、《二戴記》為本，編次朝廷公卿大夫士民之禮，盡取漢、晉而下及唐諸儒之說，考訂辨正，以為當代之典，未及成書而沒。 Later Zhu Xi expounded ritual with exhaustive thoroughness. He once planned to take the Ceremonial Rites, the Offices of Zhou, and the two Dai ritual records as his foundation, arrange the rites of court, nobles, officials, and commoners in order, and incorporate the commentaries of scholars from Han and Jin onward through the Tang, revising and correcting them to establish a canon for the age—but he died before the work was finished.
History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 10 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 151: Zhao Ruyu and Son: Chongxian · 7 passages
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熹因講畢，奏疏極言：「陛下即位未能旬月，而進退宰執，移易臺諫，皆出陛下之獨斷，大臣不與謀，給舍不及議。 When Zhu Xi finished his lecture he submitted a memorial saying plainly, "Your Majesty has not yet reigned a full month, yet the appointment and dismissal of chief ministers and the reshuffling of censors and remonstrators all issue from Your Majesty's sole decision, without consultation with the chief ministers and without draft review by the secretariat drafters.
History of Song, Chapter 399Volume 399 Biographies 158: Zheng Jue, Wang Tingxiu, Chou Yu, Gao Deng, Lou Yinliang, Song Ruwei · 1 passage
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History of Song, Chapter 408Volume 408 Biographies 167: Wu Changyi, Wang Gang, Chen Mi, Wang Ting · 4 passages
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眉士故尚蘇軾學，昌裔取諸經為之講說，祠周惇頤及顥、頤、載、熹，揭《白鹿洞學規》，仿潭州釋奠儀，簿正祭器，士習丕變。 The scholars of Meizhou had long favored Su Shi's school of learning. Changyi lectured on the classics instead, erected shrines to Zhou Dunyi and to Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, and Zhu Xi, posted the White Deer Grotto Academy regulations, imitated the Tanzhou libation ceremony, put the ritual vessels in proper order on the register, and scholarly practice was thoroughly transformed.
History of Song, Chapter 410Volume 410 Biographies 169: Lou Ji, Shen Huan, Shu Lin, Cao Yanyue, Fan Yingling, Xu Jingsun · 2 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 430Volume 430 Biographies 189: Taoist Scholars 4: Zhu Shimenren, Huang Gan, Li Fan, Zhang Qia, Chen Chun, Li Fangzi, Huang Hao · 29 passages
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及編《禮書》，獨以《喪》、《祭》二編屬榦，稿成，熹見而喜曰：「所立規模次第，縝密有條理，它日當取所編家鄉、邦國、王朝禮，悉仿此更定之。」 While editing the Book of Rites he entrusted only the Mourning and Sacrifice volumes to Gan; when the draft was finished Xi read it with delight and said, "The scale and sequence you have laid down are tight and orderly; one day we should take the village, state, and court ritual sections and rework them all on this pattern."
History of Song, Chapter 436Volume 436 Biographies 195: Confucian Scholars 6: Chen Liang, Zheng Qiaolinting, Li Daochuan · 4 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 469Volume 469 Biographies 228: Eunuchs 4: Shao Chengzhang, Lan Gui Kanglu, Feng Yi, Zhang Quwei, Chen Yuan, Gan Bian, Wang Deqian, Guan Li, Dong Songchen · 2 passages
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History of Yuan, Chapter 171Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 7 passages
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皇慶元年，升司業，用程純公《學校奏疏》、胡文定公《六學教法》、朱文公《學校貢舉私議》，約之為教法四條：一曰經學，二曰行實，三曰文藝，四曰治事，未及行。 In the first year of Huangqing (1312) he was promoted to Vice Director. Drawing on Cheng Chun's Memorial on Schools, Hu Anguo's Six-Learning Teaching Method, and Zhu Xi's Private Discussion on School Recommendation and Examination, he distilled them into four articles of teaching method: classical learning, conduct, literary accomplishment, and administration of affairs—before they could be put into practice.
History of Yuan, Chapter 174Volume 174 Biographies 61: Yao Sui, Guo Guan, Jia Guzhiqi, Liu Geng, Ye Luyoushang, Hao Tianting, Zhang Kongsun · 1 passage
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燧先在蘇門山時，讀《通鑑綱目》，嘗病國統散於逐年，不能一覽而得其離合之概，至告病江東，著《國統離合表》若干卷，年經而國緯之，如《史記》諸《表》，將附硃熹《凡例》之後，復取徽、建​​二本校仇，得三誤焉，序於《表》首。 During his years on Mount Sumen, Sui read Zhu Xi's Comprehensive Mirror in Outline and was troubled that legitimacy was dispersed year by year, so that one could not see at a glance how states split and reunited. When he retired sick to the lower Yangzi region he wrote several fascicles of Tables of the Separation and Reunion of Dynastic Legitimacy, arranging years down the page and states across, in the manner of the Shiji tables, intending to append them after Zhu Xi's General Principles. He then collated the Huizhou and Jian editions and found three errors, which he explained in a preface to the work.