Qin and Han · Wei commander active around Feng and Pei

Zhou Shi 周市

Zhōu Shì

Died BC 209 to BC 208

Passages: 35
Chapters: 9
Histories: 2

Overview

Zhou Shi was a Wei commander active around Feng and Pei.

Life and dates

Death

BC 209 章邯遂擊破殺周市等軍
Killed in battle · Authority Zhang Han (章邯)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passage 14
BC 208 章邯擊破周市等軍（秦二世二年）
Directly stated · Book of Han 42, passage 12

Attested activity

BC 209 二世元年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 48, passages 7, 60
BC 209 使周市略定魏地
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 3
BC 209 及秦皇帝崩，天下大叛
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 112, passages 183-184
BC 209 周市舉魏
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passage 36
BC 209 陳勝之起王也
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passages 4-5, 14
BC 209 陳涉起
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 27

Show 1 more source-backed claim

BC 208 章邯擊破周市等軍（秦二世二年）
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 42, passage 12

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Wei envoy and military officer 魏人周市
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passage 5
chancellor of Wei 相
Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 48, passages 7, 96
Noted
Commoner origin
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passage 37
Rose without noble or senior office
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 112, passages 185-186

Places and affiliations

Polity Qin 秦 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passages 35-36
At Wei 魏
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 48, passage 60
Wei 魏
Directly stated · Book of Han 42, passage 4

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Extent Unit Ids s0006, s0007 · Mode speech Speaker Zhou Shi (周市)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passages 6-7

Events and relationships

Campaigned through Wei and refused its kingship
BC 209 二世元年 · Military · Commander
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 48, passages 7, 60, 91-96
refused to become King of Wei 辭不受
BC 209 陳勝之起王也 · Political · Refused kingship · Declined
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passages 8-9
Raided Wei as far as Di
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 3
Raised revolt
Military · Leader · At Wei 魏
Directly stated · Book of Han 75, passage 36
Raised wei
Military · Leader · At Wei 魏
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 112, passage 184
Sent to subjugate Wei
BC 209 陳涉起 · Military · Commander · With Chen She (陳涉) · At Wei territory 魏地
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 27

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Relation Installed · Person Wei Jiu (魏咎)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 27

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 112, passage 184

References in the histories

Search passages

History

35 passages

Book of Han, Chapter 1Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 1 · 1 passage

魏人周市略地豐沛，使人謂雍齒曰：「豐，故梁徙也，今魏地已定者數十城。 The Wei man Zhou Shi seized territory in Feng and Pei, and sent someone to tell Yong Chi: "Feng was originally Liang territory, now Wei has already pacified dozens of cities.

Book of Han, Chapter 2Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 2 · 1 passage

秦滅魏，遷大梁，都于豐，故周巿說雍齒曰「豐，故梁徙也」。 When Qin destroyed Wei, it transferred the people of Daliang and made their capital at Feng; therefore Zhou Shi said to Yong Chi: "Feng is where Liang moved its seat."

Book of Han, Chapter 42Volume 33: Wei Bao, Tian Dan and Hán Xin (King of Han) · 15 passages

勝使魏人周市徇魏地，魏地已下，欲立周市為魏王。 Chen Sheng sent Zhou Shi, a man of Wei, to bring Wei territory over. After Wei territory had submitted, the people wished to make Zhou Shi king of Wei.

市曰：「天下昏亂，忠臣乃見。 Zhou Shi said, "In a chaotic age, loyal ministers come to the fore.

齊、趙使車各五十乘，立市為王。 Qi and Zhao each sent fifty chariots to support installing Zhou Shi as king.

市不受，迎魏咎於陳，五反，陳王乃遣立咎為魏王。 Zhou Shi refused the title. He went to Chen to bring Wei Jiu back, and after he asked five times, the King of Chen finally sent Wei Jiu and installed him as king of Wei.

魏王使周市請救齊、楚。 The King of Wei sent Zhou Shi to ask Qi and Chu for aid.

齊、楚遣項它、田巴將兵，隨市救魏。 Qi and Chu sent Xiang Tuo and Tian Ba with troops to join Zhou Shi in rescuing Wei.

章邯遂擊破殺周市等軍，圍臨濟。 Zhang Han defeated the relief armies, killed Zhou Shi and the others, and laid siege to Linji.

陳涉使周市略地，北至狄，狄城守。 When Chen She sent Zhou Shi to seize territory, he reached Di, but Di held its walls.

遂自立為齊王，發兵擊周市。 He then made himself king of Qi and sent troops against Zhou Shi.

市軍還去，儋因率兵東略定齊地。 Zhou Shi's army withdrew, and Tian Dan then led troops eastward and stabilized Qi territory.

榮乃立儋子市為王，榮相之，橫為將，平齊地。 Tian Rong then enthroned Tian Dan's son Tian Shi as king, served as his chancellor, made Tian Heng commander, and pacified Qi.

趙亦不殺田角、田閒以市於齊。 Zhao likewise refused to kill Tian Jiao and Tian Jian in exchange for Qi's favor.

市左右曰：「項王強暴，王不就國，必危。」 King Shi's attendants said, "Lord Xiang is violent and overbearing. If you do not go to your assigned kingdom, you will be in peril."

市懼，乃亡就國。 King Shi grew afraid and secretly went to his state.

榮怒，追擊殺市於即墨，還攻殺濟北王安，自立為王，盡并三齊之地。 Tian Rong was enraged. He pursued King Shi to Jimo and killed him, then returned, attacked and killed Tian An, king of Jibei, made himself king, and annexed all the territory of the Three Qi.

Book of Han, Chapter 75Volume 64b: Yan, Zhu, Wuqiu, Zhufu, Xu, Yan, Zhong, Wang, and Jia 2 · 1 passage

陳勝、吳廣舉陳，武臣、張耳舉趙，項梁舉吳，田儋舉齊，景駒舉郢，周市舉魏，韓廣舉燕，窮山通谷，豪士並起，不可勝載也。 Chen Sheng and Wu Guang seized Chen, Wu Chen and Zhang Er raised Zhao, Xiang Liang rose in Wu, Tian Dan in Qi, Jing Ju in Ying, Zhou Shi in Wei, Han Guang in Yan—bold leaders sprang up in every ravine and pass, too many to list.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 48House of Chen She · 5 passages

陳王令魏人周市北徇魏地。 The King of Chen ordered Zhou Shi, a man of Wei, to march north and pacify the Wei territories.

周市北徇地至狄，狄人田儋殺狄令，自立為齊王，以齊反擊周市。 Zhou Shi marched north as far as Di, where Tian Dan, a man of Di, killed the local magistrate, declared himself King of Qi, and turned the forces of Qi against Zhou Shi.

市軍散，還至魏地，欲立魏後故甯陵君咎為魏王。 Zhou Shi's forces were scattered. He withdrew to the Wei territories, intending to install Jiu, the Lord of Ningling and a descendant of the Wei royal house, as King of Wei.

魏地已定，欲相與立周市為魏王，周市不肯。 With the Wei territories already secured, the people wished to make Zhou Shi the King of Wei, but Zhou Shi refused.

周市卒為相。 Zhou Shi ultimately served as his chancellor.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 56House of Chancellor Chen · 1 passage

陳涉起而王陳，使周市略定魏地，立魏咎為魏王，與秦軍相攻於臨濟。 Chen She rose in rebellion and declared himself King of Chen, dispatching Zhou Shi to subjugate the old Wei territories. He installed Wei Jiu as King of Wei, who then clashed with the Qin armies at Linji.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 90Biographies of Wei Bao and Peng Yue · 7 passages

陳王使魏人周市徇魏地，魏地已下，欲相與立周市為魏王。 The King of Chen sent Zhou Shi, a man of Wei, to pacify the old Wei territories. Once those lands had submitted, the people wished to make Zhou Shi the King of Wei.

周市曰：「天下昏亂，忠臣乃見。 Zhou Shi said, "It is only when the world falls into darkness and chaos that loyal ministers make themselves known.

齊、趙使車各五十乘，立周市為魏王。 Qi and Zhao each sent fifty chariots in support of installing Zhou Shi as King of Wei.

市辭不受，迎魏咎於陳。 Zhou Shi refused the title and traveled to Chen to welcome Wei Jiu.

魏王乃使周市出請救於齊、楚。 The King of Wei sent Zhou Shi to seek reinforcements from Qi and Chu.

齊、楚遣項它、田巴將兵隨市救魏。 Qi and Chu dispatched Xiang Ta and Tian Ba to lead troops in Zhou Shi's wake to relieve Wei.

章邯遂擊破殺周市等軍，圍臨濟。 Zhang Han attacked and routed Zhou Shi's forces, killing Zhou Shi among others, and laid siege to Linji.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 94Biography of Tian Dan, King of Qi · 3 passages

陳涉之初起王楚也，使周市略定魏地，北至狄，狄城守。 When Chen She first rose in revolt and proclaimed himself King of Chu, he dispatched Zhou Shi to subdue the territory of Wei. Zhou Shi advanced north as far as Di, but the city held fast against him.

遂自立為齊王，發兵以擊周市。 He thereupon declared himself King of Qi and mustered troops to strike against Zhou Shi.

周市軍還去，田儋因率兵東略定齊地。 Zhou Shi's forces withdrew, and Tian Dan led his army eastward to bring the lands of Qi under his control.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 112Biographies of the Marquis of Pingjin and Zhufu · 1 passage

陳勝、吳廣舉陳，武臣、張耳舉趙，項梁舉吳，田儋舉齊，景駒舉郢，周市舉魏，韓廣舉燕，窮山通谷豪士并起，不可勝載也。 Chen Sheng and Wu Guang raised the banner in Chen; Wu Chen and Zhang Er in Zhao; Xiang Liang in Wu; Tian Dan in Qi; Jing Ju in Ying; Zhou Shi in Wei; Han Guang in Yan. From every remote mountain and hidden valley, men of ambition rose up simultaneously—too many to record.