Zhongzong (中宗) | 24 Histories

Overview

Zhongzong was a Tang Emperor.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Xiaohe	孝和	Xiaohe

Life and dates

Death

Sudden / contrary to expectation · Mode named-person-report Speaker Lu Lübing (盧履冰)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 27, passage 59

Attested activity

AD 705 to AD 710 中宗
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 113, passage 55
AD 710 中宗厭代
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 121, passage 16
AD 705 中宗反正
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 44, passage 86
AD 705 to AD 710 中宗時
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 45, passage 136
AD 705 反正
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 141, passage 5
AD 705 to AD 710 唐中宗之世
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 36

Show 2 more source-backed claims

AD 685 to AD 710 垂拱至景雲
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 27, passage 59
AD 708 景龍二年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 85, passage 47

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Princess Anle (安樂公主)
daughter 女
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 121, passage 233
Spouse of Empress Wei (韋氏)
empress 后 · Primary marriage
Empress Wei 韋氏
empress 後 · Primary marriage
Sources vary in certainty · New Book of Tang 121, passage 59; Old Book of Tang 27, passage 59; New Book of Tang 45, passage 136
Child of Gaozong (高宗)
son 子
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 27, passage 59

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Tang 唐
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 45, passage 136
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 44, passage 86
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 27, passage 59

Works and attributed material

Edict · Author · With Xu Yougong (徐有功)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 85, passages 200-208

Events and relationships

Restored order and opened enrollment
Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 44, passage 86
Restored slanted seal officials
Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 45, passage 143

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 44, passage 86; New Book of Tang 45, passage 136

References in the histories

Search passages

History

9 passages

History of Song, Chapter 110Volume 110 Treatises 63: Rites 13 · 1 passage

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先是，翰林學士司馬光言：“尊號起唐武後、中宗之世，遂為故事。 Earlier, Hanlin Academician Sima Guang had written: "Honorific titles began in the reigns of Empress Wu and Emperor Zhongzong of Tang and thereafter became precedent.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 44Volume 44 Treatises 39: Selecting and Appointing Officials 1 · 1 passage

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中宗反正，詔宗室三等以下、五等以上未出身，願宿衛及任國子生，聽之。 After Zhongzong's restoration, he decreed that imperial clansmen of the third rank and below and fifth rank and above who had not yet received office might serve in the palace guard or enroll as National University students if they wished.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 40: Selecting and Appointing Officials 2 · 1 passage

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中宗時，韋後及太平、安樂公主等用事，於側門降墨敕斜封授官，號「斜封官」，凡數千員。 Under Zhongzong, Empress Wei and the Princesses Taiping and Anle ruled through side-gate edicts with slanted seals, creating thousands of "slanted-seal" appointees.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 38: Tang, Zhang, Xu · 3 passages

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中宗始郊，國子祭酒祝欽明等知韋後能制天子，欲迎諂之，即奏以皇后亞獻，安樂公主終獻，又四時及列帝誕日，遣使者詣陵如事生。 When Emperor Zhongzong first performed the suburban sacrifice, National University Libationer Zhu Qinming and others, knowing Empress Wei could dominate the emperor, sought to flatter her. They memorialized that the empress perform the secondary offering and Princess Anle the final offering, and that envoys be sent to the imperial tombs in all four seasons and on successive emperors' birth anniversaries as though the dead were still living.

請還廬陵王，不為張易之所右。 He petitioned for the return of the Prince of Luling and earned the disfavor of Zhang Yizhi.

中宗即位，加贈越州都督，遣使就第吊祭，賜物百段，授一子官。 When Emperor Zhongzong took the throne he was posthumously made governor of Yuezhou; envoys mourned at his home, bestowed a hundred lengths of goods, and granted office to one son.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 121Volume 121 Biographies 46: Liu, Zhong, Cui, and the Two Kings · 2 passages

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璽詔曰：「頃王室不造，中宗厭代，戚孽專亂，將隕社稷，朕與王公皆幾於難。 An imperial edict declared: "The house has lately been afflicted: Zhongzong left the throne, vicious relatives seized power and nearly destroyed the realm, and I with the princes and officials were all but undone.

神龍中，鄭普思納女後宮，日用劾奏，中宗初不省，廷爭切至，普思由是得罪。 During Shenlong, Zheng Pusi sent his daughter into the inner palace; Riyong impeached him; Zhongzong at first ignored the charge, but after fierce debate at court Pusi was punished.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 141Volume 141 Biographies 66: Cui, Deng, Wei, Wei, Li Han, Lu, Gao · 1 passage

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中宗在房州，吏多肆慢不為禮，敬嗣為刺史，獨盡誠推奉，儲給豐衍，帝德之。 While Emperor Zhongzong was confined at Fangzhou, local officials were mostly insolent and showed him no courtesy; Jingsi alone, as prefect, served him with wholehearted devotion and kept the stores abundantly supplied, for which the emperor was deeply grateful.