Zhang Zhao (張照) | 24 Histories

Overview

Zhang Zhao was a Calligrapher and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Zhang Wenmin	張文敏	Zhang Wenmin

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1730 to AD 1745 尚書張照
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
AD 1730 to AD 1745 張文敏
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 75-76
AD 1662 to AD 1722 明、清之際以後江左書家
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15
AD 1733 雍正十一年癸丑
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 183, passages 140, 145
AD 1735 雍正十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passages 158, 186

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Han 漢
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 183, passage 145

Career and standing

calligrapher 書人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Han Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate 都察院漢左都御史
AD 1733 雍正十一年癸丑 · Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 雍正十一年四月乙卯 · Western Year: AD 1733
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 183, passage 145
Minister 尚書
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Han Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate 都察院漢左都御史
AD 1733 雍正十一年癸丑 · Transferred · Until Source Date: Text: 雍正十一年十二月己未 · Western Year: AD 1733
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 183, passage 145
Detained
Detention
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 183, passage 145
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Associated
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Lived under
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 158; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
At Jiangzuo (lower Yangtze) 江左 · Relation Active in
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15

Learning and skills

Skill running script 行書 · Level ranked · Domain calligraphy 書
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Skill calligraphy 書 · Level preeminent-in-Qing
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 75-76

Events and relationships

placed in capable grade, lower rank for running script 能品下，行書
Critical · Subject · Ranked · With Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Relation Student of · Person Wang Hongxu (王鴻緒)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 75
Relation Learned brush method from · Person He Guozong (何國宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Relation Stylistic heir of · Person Dong Qichang (董其昌)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 16

Assessments and attributes

capable grade, lower rank: running script 能品下，行書
Assessment capable grade, lower rank · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Assessment only master of the transmitted brush method in the Qing dynasty · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Liang Yan (梁巘)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 76

References in the histories

Search passages

History

10 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 183Volume 183 Tables 23: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 3 Lower · 1 passage

Open chapter

吳士玉二月庚申遷。涂天相左都御史。四月乙卯遷。張照左都御史。十二月己未遷。徐本代。 On the gengshen day of the second month, Wu Shiyu was transferred. Tu Tianxiang: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the yimao day of the fourth month, was transferred. Zhang Zhao: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the jiwei day of the twelfth month, was transferred. Xu Ben served as replacement.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 298Volume 298 Biographies 85: Ga Er Bi, Fa La, Cha Kedan, Qin Bai, Chang Lai, Ha Yuan Sheng, Ha Shang De, Dong Fang, Cha Bina, Da Fu, Ding Shou, Su Tu · 3 passages

Open chapter

尋遣尚書張照為撫定苗疆大臣，元生與之忤。 Minister Zhang Zhao was sent to pacify the Miao, and Yuansheng quarreled with him.

尋命尚書張照總理撫定苗疆，亂未定，高宗即位，授張廣泗為經略，視師。 Zhang Zhao was put over Miao affairs; before peace came Qianlong enthroned Zhang Guangsi as commissioner.

廣泗劾芳駐軍八弓，依附張照，與元生互訐，師集數月，剿撫初無端緒。 Guangsi charged Fang with camping at Bagong, clinging to Zhang Zhao, feuding with Yuansheng, and achieving nothing for months.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 503Volume 503 Biographies 290: Yi Shu Er · 6 passages

Open chapter

自明、清之際，工書者，河北以王鐸、傅山為冠，繼則江左王鴻緒、姜宸英、何焯、汪士鋐、張照等，接踵而起，多見他傳。 From the Ming-Qing transition onward, the leading calligraphers of Hebei were Wang Duo and Fu Shan; in the lower Yangtze region Wang Hongxu, Jiang Chenying, He Chao, Wang Shihong, Zhang Zhao, and others followed in quick succession—most of whom are treated in other biographies.

大抵淵源出於明文徵明、董其昌兩家，鴻緒、照為董氏嫡派，焯及澍則於文氏為近。 Their lineages for the most part traced back to the Ming masters Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang: Hongxu and Zhao were direct heirs of Dong Qichang's tradition, while He Chao and Wang Shu stood closer to Wen Zhengming's.

初為咸安宮教習，至京師，聞欽天監正何國宗曾以事系刑部，時尚書張照亦以他事在系，得其筆法，因詣家就問。 He first served as an instructor at the Xian'an Palace; on reaching the capital he learned that the Director of the Astronomical Bureau He Guozong had once been held in the Ministry of Justice, and that the Minister Zhang Zhao had been detained at the same time and had learned He's brush technique—so Liang went to He's home to seek instruction.

二王以後，至唐、宋、元、明諸大家，口口相傳如是，董宗伯以授王司農鴻緒，司農以授張文敏，吾聞而知之。 From the Two Wangs down through the great masters of Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming it was handed down mouth to mouth in just this way: Dong Qichang taught Wang Hongxu, Wang Hongxu taught Zhang Zhao, and I learned it by hearing it passed on.

本朝但有一張文敏耳，他未為善。 In our dynasty there has been only one Zhang Zhao; no one else has mastered it properly.