He Guozong (何國宗) | 24 Histories

Overview

He Guozong was an official, Mathematician, and Cartographer.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Hanru	翰如	Hànrú
Temple name	Left Censor-in-Chief He Guozong	左都御史何國宗

Life and dates

Death

AD 1766 乾隆三十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 229

Age

80
Qualifier over · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 61

Attested activity

AD 1766 乾隆三十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 229
AD 1755 乾隆中測伊犁
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 207
AD 1756 乾隆二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 220
AD 1760 to AD 1766 國宗年已八十餘
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 61
AD 1712 康熙五十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 181
AD 1730 to AD 1766 欽天監正何國宗
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60

Show 1 more source-backed claim

AD 1725 雍正三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 186

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Child of He Guozong
father 父
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 61
Ancestor of Grandson of He Guozong
grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 61
Sibling of He Guodong (何國棟)
younger brother 弟
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 213

Key source chapters

Career and standing

minister of Rites 禮部尚書
AD 1757 乾隆二十二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 222
director of the Imperial Astronomical Bureau 欽天監正
AD 1745 乾隆十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 209
Director of the Astronomical Bureau 欽天監正
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Left Censor-in-Chief 左都御史
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 207
Detained
Detention · At Ministry of Justice 刑部
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Stripped of office
Dismissal
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 205

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 181; Draft History of Qing 316, passage 207; Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
At Daxing, Shuntian 順天大興
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 180

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1712 康熙五十一年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 181
Skill celestial measurement and cartography 測天度，繪地圖 · Level assigned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 207
Skill calendrical mathematics 算法 · Level expert
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passages 181, 233
Skill calligraphy / brush method 筆法 · Level sought-after
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 60, 63

Works and attributed material

Origins of Pitch and Calendar 律曆淵源
AD 1713 康熙五十二年 · Relation Compiler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 182
You have already grasped it. 君已得之矣
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Liang Yan (梁巘)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 62

Events and relationships

Measured and mapped
Scientific · Surveyor · With Nusan (努三) · At Ili 伊犁
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 207
Presented copies
Gift · Giver · With Liang Yan (梁巘) · Item copies after Mi Fu and Huang Tingjian 所臨米、黃二帖
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 63
AD 1756 乾隆二十一年
Survey · Leader · At Ili 伊犁
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 220
AD 1725 雍正三年
Hydraulic · Inspector
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 186
Kangxi and Qianlong inner-palace atlases 康熙、乾隆兩內府圖
Cartography · Compiler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 234

Assessments and attributes

Assessment equal of Pei Xiu and Jia Dan · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 235

References in the histories

Search passages

History

14 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 283Volume 283 Biographies 70: Jue Luo Wu Mo Ne, Shu Lan, Tu Li Chen, He Guozong · 10 passages

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覺羅武默訥舒蘭拉錫拉錫子旺札爾孫博靈阿圖理琛何國宗 Jue Luo Wu Mone, Shu Lan, La Xi, Wangzhar son of La Xi, Boling'a the grandson, Tulichen, and He Guozong

何國宗，字翰如，順天大興人。 He Guozong, whose style was Hanru, came from Daxing in Shuntian.

旋以山東巡撫塞楞額奏言國宗等奉使所經州縣，供億白金七千六百有奇。 Soon Shandong Governor Saleng'e reported that counties along Guozong's route had supplied over seven thousand six hundred taels of silver.

上責國宗不惜物力，負任使，坐降調。 The emperor rebuked Guozong for wasting resources and failing his mission; he was demoted and reassigned.

國宗等議捍護河西務北堤及耍兒渡魚鱗壩，別開塌河淀下流賈家沽洩水河，建築三里淺、筐兒港、張家莊諸處挑水壩，上命如議速行。 Guozong proposed protecting the Hexiwu north dike and Shua'erdu scale-pattern dam, opening a drain at Jiajiagu below Tahedian, and building diversion dams at Sanliqian, Kuang'ergang, and Zhangjiazhuang; the emperor ordered immediate action.

國宗等增築石壩，水不能過，瀕河連年被患。 Guozong's party enlarged the stone dam until water could not pass, and riverside counties suffered floods year after year.

上責國宗勘工錯誤，貽害民間，奪官。 The emperor blamed Guozong for faulty surveying that harmed the people and stripped him of office.

國宗弟國棟亦以通曆法直內廷。 Guozong's younger brother Guodong, skilled in calendrics, also served in the inner court.

高宗既定準噶爾，乾隆二十一年，命國宗偕侍衛努克三、哈清阿率欽天監西洋人往伊犁，自巴里坤分西北兩路，測天度繪圖。 After Qianlong pacified Dzungaria, in Qianlong 21 Guozong was sent with bodyguards Nukesan and Haqing'a to lead Astronomical Bureau Europeans to Ili; from Barkol they split into northwest and southwest routes to measure latitude and survey maps.

國宗以明算事聖祖，又幸老壽，迨高宗朝，詣新疆測繪。 Guozong, expert in calculation, served the Sacred Ancestor and lived to great age; under Qianlong he went to Xinjiang to survey and map.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 316Volume 316 Biographies 103: Hu Er Qi, Ai Long A, Ba Linga, Shu Ming, Fu Lu, Qi Likeqi, Yan Xiangshi, Yi Zhu, Nu San, Wu Leideng · 1 passage

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再遷頭等侍衛，命與左都御史何國宗赴伊犁，測天度，繪地圖。 He was again promoted to first-class bodyguard and ordered, with Left Censor-in-Chief He Guozong, to go to Ili to measure celestial degrees and draw maps.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 503Volume 503 Biographies 290: Yi Shu Er · 3 passages

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初為咸安宮教習，至京師，聞欽天監正何國宗曾以事系刑部，時尚書張照亦以他事在系，得其筆法，因詣家就問。 He first served as an instructor at the Xian'an Palace; on reaching the capital he learned that the Director of the Astronomical Bureau He Guozong had once been held in the Ministry of Justice, and that the Minister Zhang Zhao had been detained at the same time and had learned He's brush technique—so Liang went to He's home to seek instruction.

國宗年已八十餘，病不能對客，遣一孫傳語。 Guozong was already over eighty, too ill to receive visitors, and sent a grandson to speak for him.

巘質以所聞，國宗答曰：「君已得之矣。」 Liang questioned him about what he had learned; Guozong replied, 'You have already grasped it.'