Wang Du (王都) | 24 Histories

Overview

Wang Du was an Adoptive Son of Wang Chuzhi; Rebel Governor of Dingzhou.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Childhood name	Yunlang	雲郎	Yunlang

Life and dates

Death

AD 929 天成四年三月
Self immolation of mansion; died in fire with household
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 179
Annihilated · Mode quotation Speaker Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 97
Beheaded · At Ding 定州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passages 1, 9

Attested activity

AD 928 三年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 98
AD 925 三年春
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 69, passage 26
AD 928 to AD 929 來援王都
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 83
AD 921 六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 2, passages 39, 42
AD 921 to AD 929 北討而王都殲
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 97
AD 921 十二月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 33

Show 17 more source-backed claims

AD 921 十八年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 57, passages 16, 18
AD 929 及都叛…城陷
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 183-185
AD 923 同光元年十二月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 147, passages 10, 14
AD 928 to AD 929 圍王都於中山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 28
AD 926 to AD 930 天成中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 74, passage 113; Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 82
AD 929 天成四年三月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 33
AD 929 天成四年二月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passages 1, 9-10, 12-13
AD 926 to AD 930 天成末
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 96, passage 74
AD 922 天祐十九年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 141, passages 75, 82
AD 921 天祐十八年十二月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 159
AD 928 to AD 929 定州之敗
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 168
AD 926 to AD 933 明宗朝
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 66, passage 143
AD 927 是歲，王都據定州
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 70
AD 928 to AD 929 王都之據中山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 195
AD 928 王都據定州叛
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 24
AD 921 to AD 922 神冊六年後
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 75, passages 99-100
AD 928 to AD 929 與討王都
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 236

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Wang Chuzhi (王處直)
father 父
adopted son 養子 · Adoptive parentage
became Chuzhi's son 為處直之子 · Adoptive parentage
illegitimate son 孽子 · Uncertain parentage
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 75, passage 100; History of Liao 2, passage 39; Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 146-147, 187-188; Old History of the Five Dynasties 141, passage 82
Parent of Daughter of Wang Du (王都女)
beloved daughter 愛女
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 161
Sibling of Wang Yu (王鬱)
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · History of Liao 75, passage 100
Child of Li Yingzhi (李應之)
raised as his own son 養為己子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 143
Sibling of Younger Brother of Wang Du (王都之弟)
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 10

Kinship Role wives-and-children · Count 2 · 府庫妻孥一夕俱燼
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 179
Kinship Role sons · Count 4
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 10

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Grand Commandant and Palace Attendant 太尉、侍中
AD 925 同光三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 163
acting governor 留後
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 75, passage 100
Director of the Chancellery 中書令
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 165
vice military governor 節度副大使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 155
acting governor (liuhou) 留後
Claimed
Directly stated · History of Liao 2, passage 39
Declared
Acting governor
Directly stated · History of Liao 2, passage 39

Show 4 more source-backed claims

Entered
Captivity
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 82
Harbored
Rebellious intent
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 183
Attainted
AD 928 天成三年四月 · Stripped of offices
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 173
imprisoned his father 囚父
Committed · With Wang Chuzhi (王處直)
Directly stated · History of Liao 75, passage 100

Places and affiliations

Later Tang 唐
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 147, passage 14
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 83
At Xingyi in Zhongshan 中山陘邑
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 142
At Ding prefecture 定州 · Relation Defended
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 82
At Dingzhou 定州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 98; Old History of the Five Dynasties 147, passage 14
At Zhongshan 中山 · Relation Based at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 28

Works and attributed material

called him Zhuangzong's crown prince 呼為莊宗太子
Speech · Speaker · With Li Jitao (李繼陶)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 183
Speech · Subject of · Speaker Wang Chuzhi (王處直)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 133, 135

Events and relationships

Appealed for help
AD 921 十二月 · Diplomatic · Sender · Summary Sent envoys in urgent appeal after the Khitan crossed the Sha River at Xinle.
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 33
campaign target under Mingzong 討王都
AD 928 to AD 929 與討王都 · Military · Target · Campaigned against
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 236
Captured
AD 926 to AD 930 天成中 · Military · Defender · With Liang Hantang (梁漢瑭)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 82
Defeated
AD 929 明年 · Military · Rebel · Summary Rebellion crushed the following year.
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 101
Deposed father
Political · Deposer · With Wang Chuzhi (王處直)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 141, passage 82
Displayed false prince on ramparts
Political · Instigator · With Li Jitao (李繼陶)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 184

Show 14 more source-backed claims

Held Zhongshan until the rebellion was crushed
AD 928 to AD 929 王都之據中山 · Military · Rebel · At Zhongshan 中山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 195
Held
AD 927 天成二年 · Military · Rebel · At Ding 定州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 70
Plotted rebellion
Military · Rebel · At Zhongshan 中山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 96, passages 74, 87
Rebelled
AD 928 三年 · Military · Rebel · Summary Rebelled at Dingzhou and sought Khitan aid.
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 98
Rebelled
AD 929 及都叛 · Rebellion · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 184
Rebelled
Rebellion · Leader · At Dingzhou 定州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 24
Received Khitan aid in a plot against the state
Military · Rebel
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 83
Resisted imperial siege with Khitan
AD 928 天成三年 · Military · Rebel · At Dingzhou 定州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 174-175
Secretly took back
Political · Abductor · With Li Jitao (李繼陶)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 183
Seized father position
Political · Usurper · With Wang Chuzhi (王處直)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 141, 165
Submitted tang law books
Administrative · Submitter
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 147, passage 14
Was besieged at Zhongshan
AD 928 to AD 929 圍王都於中山 · Military · Besieged · At Zhongshan 中山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 28
Wiped out in Mingzong's northern campaign
Military · Destroyed opponent · Mode quotation Speaker Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 97
Military · Defeated · At Dingzhou 定州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 168

Assessments and attributes

Assessment form like a carp—hard to escape the knife · Mode named-person-speech Speaker Zhou Yuanbao (周元豹)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 164
Item library of 30,000 scrolls plus paintings and instruments 書三萬卷、名畫樂器 · Relation Collected
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 178

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passage 142; Old History of the Five Dynasties 147, passage 14
From Liu 劉 · To Wang 王 · Context adopted into Wang Chuzhi's house
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 54, passages 142, 147

References in the histories

Search passages

History

61 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 40Volume 40 Book of Later Tang 16: Mingzong Annals 6 · 6 passages

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二月乙巳，王晏球奏，此月三日收復定州，獲王都首級，生擒契丹托諾等二千餘人。 On yisi in the second month Wang Yanqiu reported recovering Ding on the third, taking Wang Du's head and capturing over two thousand Khitan including Tuonuo alive.

辛酉，帝御咸安樓受定州俘馘，百官就列，宣露布於樓前，禮畢，以王都首級獻於太社。 On xinyou Mingzong at the Xian'an Tower received Ding captives, proclaimed the victory bulletin, and offered Wang Du's head at the Grand Shrine.

王都男四人、弟一人，禿餒父子二人，並磔於市。 Wang Du's four sons and brother and the Tu Nei father and son were dismembered in the market.

〈（《五代會要》：尚書兵部宣露布於樓前，宣訖，尚書刑部侍郎張文寶奏曰：「逆賊王都首級請付所司。」 (The 《Five Dynasties Essentials》 says War at the Secretariat proclaimed the bulletin at the tower; when it ended Zhang Wenbao of Punishments asked that Wang Du's head be given to the proper office."

大理卿蕭希甫受之以出，獻於郊社，其王都男並蕃將等磔於開封橋。）〉 Judicial review director Xiao Xifu took it out and offered it at the suburban altars; Wang Du's sons and Tangut generals were dismembered at Kaifeng Bridge.)〉

丙申，詔鄴都、幽、鎮、滄、邢、易、定等州管內百姓，除正稅外，放免諸色差配，以討王都之役，有挽運之勞也。 On bingshen Mingzong remitted extra levies in Yedu, You, Zhen, Cang, Xing, Yi, and Ding beyond regular tax after the Wang Du campaign's transport burden.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Book of Later Tang 17: Mingzong Annals 7 · 1 passage

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遐荒旋斃於戎王，重譯徑來於蠻子，東巡而守殷殪，北討而王都殲，破契丹而燕、趙無虞，控靈武而瓜、沙並復。 Frontier war-lords were soon destroyed, tribute interpreters came from afar; on the eastern tour Shouyin was overthrown, on the northern campaign Wang Du was wiped out; the Khitan were broken and Yan and Zhao were secure, and Lingwu brought Gua and Sha back.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Book of Later Tang 19: Mingzong Annals 9 · 1 passage

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帝意欲歸之，會冀州刺史楊檀罷郡至闕，帝問其事，奏曰：「此輩來援王都，謀危社稷，陛下寬慈，貸其生命。 Mingzong favored return until Yang Tan of Jizhou said: "they had aided Wang Du against the state and mercy should not send them back.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 54Volume 54 Book of Later Tang 30: Biographies 6: Wang Rong, Wang Zhaohui, Wang Chuzhi · 26 passages

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及破梁軍於高邑，我軍大振，自是遣大將王德明率三十七都從莊宗征伐，收燕降魏，皆預其功，然鎔未嘗親軍遠出。 After the Liang army was defeated at Gaoyi our forces were greatly heartened. Thereafter the great general Wang Deming led thirty-seven commands in Zhuangzong's campaigns, sharing in the conquest of Yan and the submission of Wei, yet Rong never personally led armies far afield.

〈（《王處直傳》，原本止存王都廢立之事，而處直事闕佚。 (The Biography of Wang Chuzhi in the original preserved only the matter of Wang Du's deposition and installation, while Chuzhi's affairs were missing.

初為定州後院軍都知兵馬使，汴人入寇，處直拒戰，不利而退，三軍大噪，推處直為帥，乃權知留後事。 At first he was commander of horse and infantry of the Dingzhou rear guard army. When the Bian forces invaded, Chuzhi fought them but was driven back. The three armies raised a clamor and installed him as commander, and he then acted as acting governor.

後十餘年，為其子都廢歸私第，尋卒，年六十一。）〉 More than ten years later he was deposed by his son Du and retired to a private residence. He soon died at the age of sixty-one.) 〉

王都，本姓劉，小字雲郎，中山陘邑人也。 Wang Du was originally surnamed Liu; his childhood name was Yunlang, and he was a native of Xingyi in Zhongshan.

處直時未有子，應之以都遺於處直曰：「此子生而有異。」 Chuzhi then had no son. Yingzhi presented Du to him, saying, "This child was born with something extraordinary."

因是都得為處直之子。 From this Du became Chuzhi's son.

乃逼牙帳請殺都，處直堅靳之，久乃得免。 They then pressed headquarters to kill Du. Chuzhi firmly refused, and only after a long time was Du spared.

都既成長，總其兵柄，奸詐巧佞，生而知之。 Once Du had grown up he held military authority. Treacherous, cunning, and artfully sycophantic, he seemed born to such ways.

處直愛養，漸有付托之意，時處直諸子尚幼，乃以都為節度副大使。 Chuzhi cherished him and gradually intended to entrust affairs to him. As Chuzhi's sons were still young, he made Du vice military governor.

明年正月，乘勝追敵，過定州，都馬前奉迎，莊宗幸其府第曲宴。 In the first month of the following year, pressing his victory in pursuit of the enemy, he passed Dingzhou. Du met him on the road to welcome him, and Zhuangzong visited his mansion for a private feast.

都有愛女，十餘歲，莊宗與之論婚，許為皇子繼岌妻之。 Du had a beloved daughter of more than ten. Zhuangzong discussed marriage with him and promised her as wife to his son Jiji.

同光三年，莊宗幸鄴都，都來朝覲，留宴旬日，錫賚钜萬，遷太尉、侍中。 In the third year of Tongguang Zhuangzong visited Yedu. Du came to court, was kept for a ten-day feast, granted gifts worth tens of thousands, and promoted to Grand Commandant and Palace Attendant.

初，同光中，祁、易二州刺史，都奏部下將校為之，不進戶口，租賦自贍本軍，天成初仍舊。 During the Tongguang era the prefects of Qi and Yi were commanders under Du whom he memorialized for appointment. They did not submit household registers, and tax revenues supported their own armies. This continued unchanged at the beginning of Tiancheng.

時契丹犯塞，諸軍多屯幽、易間，大將往來，都陰為之備，屢廢迎送，漸成猜間。 At that time the Khitan raided the frontier and many armies were stationed between You and Yi. Great generals came and went; Du secretly prepared against them, repeatedly neglected welcoming and escorting them, and suspicion gradually grew.

和昭訓為都籌畫曰：「主上新有四海，其勢易離，可圖自安之計。」 He Zhaoxun plotted for Du, saying, "The sovereign has newly possessed the realm; the situation is easy to divide. One may plan a course of self-preservation."

都陰知之，乃遣人說建立謀叛，建立偽許之，密以狀聞。 Du secretly learned of this and sent men to persuade Jianli to plot rebellion. Jianli falsely agreed and secretly reported the matter.

都又與青、徐、岐、潞、梓五帥蠟書以離聞之。 Du also sent sealed letters to the five commanders of Qing, Xu, Qi, Lu, and Zi to sow discord.

三年四月，製削都在身官爵，遣宋州節度使王晏球率師討之。 In the fourth month of the third year an edict stripped Du of all his titles and ranks, and Wang Yanqiu, military governor of Songzhou, was sent with troops to suppress him.

都急與王鬱謀，引契丹為援。 Du urgently plotted with Wang Yu and brought in the Khitan as support.

洎王師攻城，契丹將托諾率騎萬人來援，都與契丹合兵大戰於嘉山，為王師所敗，唯餒諾以二千騎奔入定州。 When the imperial army besieged the city, the Khitan general Tuonuo led ten thousand cavalry to the rescue. Du and the Khitan joined forces and fought a great battle at Jiashan but were defeated by the imperial army. Only Nuonuo with two thousand cavalry fled into Dingzhou.

都仗之守城，呼為諾王，屈身瀝懇，冀其盡力。 Du relied on him to defend the city, called him Prince Nuo, bowed low and pleaded earnestly, hoping he would exert himself fully.

都好聚圖書，自常山始破，梁國初平，令人廣將金帛收市，以得為務，不責貴賤，書至三萬卷，名畫樂器各數百，皆四方之精妙者，萃於其府。 Du loved to collect books and scrolls. From the time Changshan first fell and the Liang was newly pacified, he sent men far and wide with gold and silk to buy on the market, caring only to acquire and not whether prices were high or low. Books reached thirty thousand scrolls, famous paintings and musical instruments each numbered in the hundreds—all the finest from the four directions were gathered in his mansion.

四年三月，晏球拔定州，時都校馬讓能降於曲陽門，都巷戰而敗，奔馬歸於府第，縱火焚之，府庫妻孥，一夕俱燼，惟擒托餒並其男四人、弟一人獻於行在。 In the third month of the fourth year Yanqiu captured Dingzhou. Du's officer Ma Rangneng surrendered at the Quyang Gate. Du fought in the lanes and was defeated, fled on horseback to his mansion, and set it ablaze. The treasury, wives, and children were all reduced to ashes in one night. Only Tuonuo was captured along with his four sons and one younger brother and presented at the imperial camp.

王都素蓄異志，潛取以歸，呼為莊宗太子。 Wang Du had long harbored rebellious intent. He secretly took Jitao back and called him Zhuangzong's crown prince.

及都叛，遂僭其服裝，時俾乘墉，欲惑軍士，人咸知其偽，競詬辱之。 When Du rebelled he dressed Jitao in princely robes and at times had him ride the ramparts, hoping to delude the soldiers. All knew he was a fraud and cursed and insulted him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 57Volume 57 Book of Later Tang 33: Biographies 9: Gao Chongtao · 1 passage

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崇韜曰：「阿保機隻為王都所誘，本利貨財，非敦鄰好，苟前鋒小衄，遁走必矣。 Guo Chongtao said, "Abaoji was lured here by Wang Du alone. He came for loot, not out of genuine alliance. If our vanguard inflicts even a minor defeat, he is certain to flee.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 61Volume 61 Book of Later Tang 37: Biographies 13: An Jinquan, An Yuanxin, An Zhongba, Liu Xun, Zhang Jingxun, Liu Yancong, Yuan Jianfeng, Xifang Ye, Zhang Zunhui, Sun Zhang · 2 passages

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圍王都於中山，躬冒矢石，為飛石所中而卒。 While besieging Wang Du at Zhongshan he exposed himself to missile fire and was killed by a stone cast from the wall.

王都之據中山，璋為定州行營都虞候，賊平，加檢校太保。 When Wang Du held Zhongshan, Zhang was chief adjutant of the Ding field camp; after the rebellion was crushed he was made acting Grand Guardian.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 64Volume 64 Book of Later Tang 40: Biographies 16: Hou Yanwei, Wang Yanqiu, Dai Siyuan, Zhu Hanbin, Kong Qing, Liu Qi, Zhou Zhiyu · 4 passages

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是歲，王都據定州， That year Wang Du held Ding,

癸巳，晏球以都反狀聞。 On guisi day Yanqiu reported Du's rebellion to the throne.

契丹遣禿餒率騎千餘來援都，突入定州，晏球引軍保曲陽。 The Khitan sent Tunei with more than a thousand cavalry to aid Du; they broke into Ding, and Yanqiu withdrew his army to Quyang.

王都、托諾出軍拒戰，晏球督厲軍士，令短兵擊賊，戒之曰：「回首者死。」 Wang Du and Tuonuo marched out to fight; Yanqiu roused his men for close combat and warned them, "Turn back and you die."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 66Volume 66 Book of Later Tang 42: Biographies 8: an Zhonghui, Zhu Hongzhao, Zhu Hongshi, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou, Song Lingxun · 1 passage

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從王晏球討王都於定州，平之，領壽州節度使、侍衛步軍都虞候。 With Wang Yanqiu he pacified Wang Du at Ding and received Shou and Foot Army deputy command.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 69Volume 69 Book of Later Tang 45: Biographies 21: Zhang Xian, Wang Zhengyan, Hu Zhuang, Cui Yisun, Meng Hu, Sun Yue, Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, Liu Yanlang · 1 passage

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三年春，車駕幸鄴，時易定王都來朝，宴於行宮，將擊鞠。 In the spring of the third year the emperor visited Ye; at that time the Prince of Yiding, Wang Du, came to court, and a banquet was held in the traveling palace with cuju to follow.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 74Volume 74 Book of Later Tang 50: Biographies 126: Kang Yanxiao, Zhu Shouyin, Yang Li, Dou Tingwan, Zhang Qianzhao, Yang Yanwen · 1 passage

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天成中，與諸將圍王都於中山，大敗契丹於嘉山之下，及定州平，以功授滄州節度使。 During Tiancheng he joined other generals in besieging Wang Du at Zhongshan and routed the Khitan below Mount Jia. When Ding Prefecture fell, he was rewarded with the military governorship of Cang.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 95Volume 95 Book of Later Jin 21: Biographies 10: Huang Fuyu, Wang Qing, Liang Hanzhang, Bai Fengjin, Lu Shunmi, Zhou Huan, Shen Yun, Wu Luan, Di Zhang, Cheng Fuyun, Guo Lin · 1 passage

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天成中，為魏府效節軍使，攻定州王都，漢瑭督所部一軍首入其城，獲王都及蕃將托諾名馬數駟。 During Tiancheng he was commissioner of the Xiaojie Army of Wei prefecture. Attacking Wang Du at Ding prefecture, Hantang led his unit as the first to enter the city and captured Wang Du and several famous horses belonging to the barbarian general Tuo Nuo.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 96Volume 96 Book of Later Jin 22: Biographies 11: Kong Chongbi, Chen Baoji, Wang Yu, Zhang Jizuo, Zhen Ruan, Hu Rao, Liu Suiqing, Fang Gao, Meng Chenghui, Liu Jixun, Zheng Shouyi, Cheng Xun, Li Yu, Zheng Xuansu, Ma Zhongji, Chen Xuan · 4 passages

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天成末，王都構亂，陰使結建立為兄弟之國。 Late in the Tiancheng era Wang Du plotted rebellion and secretly sent envoys to win Jianli into a pact of allied states.

建立時密以王都之盟告之，澄與饒俱贊成其事，會王師圍中山，其事遂寢，而饒之兇戾如此。 Jianli secretly disclosed Wang Du's alliance to them, and both Cheng and Rao urged it on. When imperial troops besieged Zhongshan the plot came to nothing, but Rao's brutality and perversity were of this sort.

逾歲，以中山王都有不臣之跡，除遂清為易州刺史，俾遏其寇沖，既至郡，大有禦侮之略，境內賴焉。 A year later, when Wang Du of Zhongshan showed signs of rebellion, Suiqing was appointed prefect of Yi to block his raids. On reaching the prefecture he devised strong defenses, and the region came to rely on him.

王都平，加檢校司空，遷棣州刺史。 After Wang Du was pacified he was given the honorary title of minister of works and transferred to prefect of Di.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 106Volume 106 Book of Later Jin 8: Biographies 3: Wang Zhou, Liu Shenjiao, Wu Hanqiu, Zhang Guan, Li Yin, Liu Zaiming, Ma Wan, Li Yancong, Guo Jin, Huang Fuli, Bai Zairong, Zhang Peng · 1 passage

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王都據定州叛，朝廷命王晏球進討，以審交為轉運供軍使，王都平，以勞授遼州刺史。 When Wang Du rebelled from Dingzhou the court sent Wang Yanqiu against him with Shenjiao as transport and supply officer. After Wang Du was subdued, Shenjiao was rewarded with the prefecture of Liaozhou.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 137Volume 137: Foreign States Biographies 1: Khitan · 3 passages

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契丹長驅陷涿郡，執刺史李嗣弼，進攻易、定，至新樂，渡沙河，王都遣使告急。 The Khitan swept south, took Zhuo, captured Prefect Li Sibi, and pressed Yi and Ding. They reached Xinle, crossed the Sha River, and Wang Du sent desperate appeals for help.

是歲，定州王都作亂，求援於契丹，德光陷平州，遣禿餒以騎五千援都於中山，招討使王晏球破之於曲陽，托諾走保賊城。 That year Wang Du of Dingzhou rebelled and called on the Khitan for help. Deguang took Pingzhou and sent Tunei with five thousand horsemen to relieve Du at Zhongshan. The pacification commissioner Wang Yanqiu defeated them at Quyang, and Tuonuo fled into the rebel city.

明年，王都平，擒托諾及餘眾，斬之。 The following year Wang Du's rebellion was crushed. Tuonuo and his remaining followers were captured and executed.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 141Volume 141: Treatises 3 Five Elements · 1 passage

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果為其子都所廢。 In the end he was deposed by his son Wang Du.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 147Volume 147: Treatises 9 Punishment and Law · 1 passage

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未幾，定州王都進納唐朝格式律令，凡二百八十六卷。 Soon afterward Wang Du of Dingzhou submitted the Tang regulations, formats, statutes, and ordinances—two hundred and eighty-six scrolls in all.

History of Liao, Chapter 2Volume 2 Annals 2: Taizu 2 · 2 passages

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唐義武軍節度使王處直養子都囚其父，<一>自稱留後。 Wang Chuzhi, Military Governor of Tang's Yiwu Army, was imprisoned by his adopted son Du, who <1> declared himself acting governor.

乙亥，存至定州，王都迎謁馬前。 On yihai day Li Cun reached Dingzhou, and Wang Du came out to greet him at his horse's head.

History of Liao, Chapter 75Volume 75 Biographies 5: Yelu Dilie, Yelu Duozhen, Wang Yu, Yelu Tulujiong · 2 passages

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未幾，郁兄都囚父，自為留後，帝遣郁從皇太子討之。 Before long Yu's elder brother Du imprisoned their father and made himself acting governor; the emperor sent Yu with the heir apparent to punish him.

至定州，都堅壁不出，掠居民而還。 At Dingzhou, Du held the walls and refused to come out; they plundered the countryside and withdrew.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 15Volume 15: Mingzong of Later Tang's Family · 1 passage

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初從莊宗為馬步軍都指揮使兼行軍司馬，明宗入立，遷皇城使、保義軍節度使，與討王都。 He first served Zhuangzong as commander of horse and foot and army marshal; when Mingzong succeeded he became imperial city envoy and governor of Baoyi and joined the campaign against Wang Du.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 27Volume 27 Later Tang Biographies 7: Zhu Hongzhao, Liu Yanlang, Kang Sili, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou · 1 passage

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從王晏球破王都定州，遷侍衛步軍都虞候，領壽州節度使。 He followed Wang Yanqiu against Wang Du at Dingzhou, then became deputy commander of the palace foot guard and military governor of Shouzhou.