Ren'ade (仁德皇后) | 24 Histories

Overview

Ren'ade was a Liao Empress.

IdentityHistorical · Female

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Rende	仁德	Rende

Life and dates

Death

Murder · Agent Person Id Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后)
Directly stated · History of Liao 87, passage 49
Assassinated · At Shangjing 上京
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passages 5-6, 100

Attested activity

AD 1031 太平十一年
Directly stated · History of Liao 87, passages 48-49
AD 1031 太平十一年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 88, passage 113
AD 982 to AD 1031 聖宗
Directly stated · History of Liao 67, passage 329
AD 1031 聖宗大漸
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 97, passage 78
AD 1031 興宗即位
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 62, passages 2-3; History of Liao 80, passages 85-86
AD 1052 重熙二十一年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 86, passage 125

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AD 1019 開泰八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 109, passages 41-42

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Xiao Hubu (蕭浞卜)
empress's younger brother 後弟
Directly stated · History of Liao 88, passage 114
Spouse of Emperor Shengzong of Liao (遼聖宗)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 67, passage 329; History of Liao 97, passage 78
Spouse of Emperor Xingzong of Liao (遼興宗)
empress 皇后
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 86, passage 125
Child of Kuinin (隗因)
father 父
Directly stated · History of Liao 67, passage 329
Kin of Xiao Hubu (蕭浞卜)
marriage connection 姻援
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 4

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Accused
Accused of treason · Authority Yelü Xisun (耶律喜孫)
Directly stated · History of Liao 97, passage 78
Sought to execute
Sought execution · With Zhao Anren (趙安仁)
Directly stated · History of Liao 109, passage 44
Suffered
False accusation · Authority Feng Jianu (馮家奴)
Directly stated · History of Liao 80, passage 86
imprisonment 幽
Suffered
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 5

Places and affiliations

Polity Id liao · Relation Active in
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 3
Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · History of Liao 109, passage 42
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 67, passage 329
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 97, passage 78
At Shangjing 上京 · Relation Confined at
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 5

Events and relationships

Relation Rival of · Person Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后)
Directly stated · History of Liao 109, passage 42

References in the histories

Search passages

History

14 passages

History of Liao, Chapter 62Volume 62 Treatises 32: Punishment and Law 2 · 4 passages

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馮家奴等希欽哀意，誣蕭浞卜等謀反，連及嫡後仁德皇后。 Feng Jianu and others, eager to please Qin'ai, framed Xiao Hubu and his associates for treason and dragged in the legitimate empress, Ren'ade.

浞卜等十餘人與仁德姻援，坐罪者四十餘輩皆被大辟，仍籍其家。 Hubu and more than ten others were connected to Ren'ade by marriage; over forty people implicated in the case were executed, and their families' property was confiscated.

幽仁德於上京，既而遣人弒之。 Ren'ade was imprisoned at Shangjing, and assassins were soon sent to kill her.

蓋自興宗時，遽起大獄，仁德皇后戕於幽所，遼政始衰。 From Xingzong's reign great purges began; Empress Ren'ade died in confinement—and Liao governance began its decline.

History of Liao, Chapter 67Volume 67 Tables 5: Families of Imperial Consorts · 1 passage

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聖宗仁德皇后父隗因 Kuinin, father of Empress Rende, consort of Emperor Shengzong

History of Liao, Chapter 80Volume 80 Biographies 10: Zhang Jian, Xing Baopu, Ma Dechen, Xiao Pu, Yelu Eight Brothers · 1 passage

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方仁德皇后以馮家奴所誣被害，樸屢言其冤，不報。 Empress Rendu had been destroyed through a false accusation by the Feng family slave; Pu repeatedly spoke of her injustice, but received no response.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 1 passage

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二十一年秋，祭仁德皇后，詔儒臣賦詩，防為冠，賜金帶。 In the autumn of the twenty-first year, at the rites for Empress Rende, the court ordered scholar-officials to compose poems; Fang's ranked first, and he was granted a gold belt.

History of Liao, Chapter 87Volume 87 Biographies 17: · 2 passages

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興宗諒陰，欽哀弒仁德皇后，孝先與蕭浞卜、蕭匹敵等謀居多。 While Emperor Xingzong was in mourning, Qin'ai murdered Empress Rende; Xiaoxian, together with Xiao Fubu, Xiao Pidi, and others, played the leading part in the plot.

孝先預弒仁德之謀，猶依城社以逃熏灌，為國臣蠹，雖功何議焉。 Xiaoxian took part beforehand in the plot against Empress Rende, yet still sheltered behind the altars of state to escape punishment. He was a canker upon the realm's ministers; what merit of his could be weighed?

History of Liao, Chapter 88Volume 88 Biographies 18: Xiao Dilie, Yelu Pennu, Xiao Paiya, Yelu Zizhong, Yelu Yaozhi, Yelu Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelu Delu, Da Kangyi · 1 passage

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先是，欽哀與仁德皇后有隙，以匹敵嘗為後所愛，忌之。 Earlier, Qinai and Empress Rendé had been at odds. Because Pike had once been favored by the empress, Qinai resented him.

History of Liao, Chapter 97Volume 97 Biographies 27: Yelu Wotela, Hai Li, Dou Jingyong, Yelu Yinji, Yang Ji, Zhao Hui, Wang Guan, Yelu Xisun · 1 passage

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聖宗大漸，喜孫與馮家奴告仁德皇后同宰相蕭浞卜等謀逆事。 When Emperor Shengzong was critically ill, Xisun together with Feng Jianu reported that Empress Rende, Chancellor Xiao Pobu, and others were plotting treason.

History of Liao, Chapter 109Volume 109 Biographies 39: Music and Imperial Officials · 3 passages

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初，仁德皇后與欽哀有隙，欽哀密令安仁伺皇后動靜，無不知者。 Earlier Empress Rende and Empress Dowager Qin'ai were estranged; Qin'ai secretly set Anren to spy on the empress's every move, and nothing escaped him.

仁德皇后威權既重，安仁懼禍，復謀亡歸。 When Empress Rende's power grew formidable, Anren feared for his life and again plotted to escape south.

仁德欲誅之，欽哀以言營救。 Rende sought to have him executed, but Qin'ai interceded for him.