Qin Zongquan (秦宗權)

Overview

Qin Zongquan was a warlord hostile to Liang.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	Cai	蔡

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 883 after Zhonghe 3
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 96, 98
AD 880 to AD 885 光州被逼至光啟元年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 64-65, 70
AD 887 光啟三年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 105
AD 885 to AD 888 光啟中至光啟四年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 49, 143
AD 884 to AD 889 及擒秦宗權
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 26
AD 881 唐中和初
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 3-4

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AD 875 to AD 880 唐末
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 3
AD 880 to AD 907 唐末
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 61
AD 884 四年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 40
AD 887 to AD 889 太祖大舉伐宗權
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 201
AD 881 to AD 889 宗權反
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 62
AD 884 to AD 889 宗權始熾
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 189, passage 83
AD 883 to AD 889 巢蔡合從
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 113
AD 880 to AD 889 平巢破蔡
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 71
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 5
AD 881 to AD 888 數為秦宗權所攻
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 178
AD 881 to AD 884 是時…會擊黃巢
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 5
AD 888 申叢執秦宗權
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 95, 99-100
AD 885 to AD 888 秦宗權攻梁，壁金堤、靈昌、酸棗
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 190
AD 888 秦宗權攻汴
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 142
AD 885 to AD 887 秦宗權陷許州
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 171
AD 883 to AD 884 與秦宗權合兵
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 189, passages 71, 78
AD 883 to AD 889 討巢、蔡於陳、許間
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 4
AD 884 黃巢滅
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 139

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Entered
AD 888 申叢執秦宗權 · Captive
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 95, 100

Places and affiliations

Polity Cai 蔡 · Relation Led
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 4, 201
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Active in
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 71
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled in
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 3, 64
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 3
AD 875 to AD 880 唐末
At Cai Prefecture 蔡州 · Relation Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 3
At Cai Prefecture 蔡州 · Relation Based in
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 5

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At Cai 蔡 · Relation Based at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 64
At Caizhou 蔡州 · Relation Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 3

Events and relationships

Attacked
AD 888 秦宗權攻汴 · Military · Attacker · At Bian 汴
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 142
Attacked
Military · Commander · With Wang Xu (王緒)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 6
Besieged
AD 885 to AD 888 秦宗權攻梁 · Military · Attacker · At Jindi, Lingchang, and Suanzao 金堤靈昌酸棗
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 190
Cai rebels held and burned Luoyang
AD 885 光啟元年 · Military · Commander · At the capital 京城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 71-72
Campaigned against by the Founder between Chen and Xu
Military · Enemy · With the Founder (太祖), Shi Shuzong (氏叔琮) · At between Chen and Xu 陳、許間
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 4
Drove Hanzhi from Guang
Military · Attacker · With Li Hanzhi (李罕之)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 64

Show 15 more source-backed claims

Posted bounties
AD 875 to AD 880 唐末 · Military · Recruiter · At Cai Prefecture 蔡州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 3
Pressed Taizu and attacked Xu and Zheng in repeated war with Liang
Military · Warlord · With Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 96, 98
Ravaged the Jiang Huai region
AD 885 to AD 888 光啟中 · Rebellion · Leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 49
Ravaged twenty plus prefectures
Military · Warlord
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 83
Received Huang Chao surrender
Military · Recipient of submission · With Huang Chao (黃巢) · At Caizhou 蔡州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 40
Recruited fugitives
AD 881 中和前 · Military · Warlord · At Caizhou 蔡州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 3
Seized
AD 885 to AD 887 秦宗權陷許州 · Military · Attacker · At Xu Prefecture 許州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 171
Sent against
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中 · Military · Commander · With Liang founder (梁祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 5
Sent Lu Yanhong to Yang Fuguang
AD 881 唐中和初 · Military · Commander · With Lu Yanhong (鹿宴宏)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 4
Sent Sun Ru against Luoyang
AD 885 光啟元年 · Military · Commander · With Sun Ru (孫儒)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 70
Summoned against
AD 881 to AD 884 唐末 · Military · Commander · With Huang Chao (黃巢)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 5
Supplied rebels
Military · Supplier
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 78
Relation Commander of · Person Lu Yanhong (鹿宴宏)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 4
Relation Commander of · Person Sun Ru (孫儒)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 70
Relation Allied with · Person Huang Chao (黃巢)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 71

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 3; New Book of Tang 189, passage 71; New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 95, 178

References in the histories

Search passages

History

38 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Book of Later Liang 7: Taizu Annals 7 · 1 passage

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黃巢滅，淮、蔡間秦宗權復盛，朝廷以淮、蔡與汴州相接，太祖汴人，必究其能否，遂移授宣武軍節度使以討宗權，未凡滅之。 After Huang Chao fell, Qin Zongquan rose again between Huai and Cai; because those regions marched with Bian and Taizu was a native of Bian, the court had to try him and transferred him as Xuanwu commissioner to destroy Zongquan—which he soon did.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Book of Later Liang 12: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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及擒秦宗權，太祖令友寧監送宗權西獻於長安，詔加檢校右散騎常侍、行右監門衛將軍。 After the capture of Qin Zongquan the Founder sent You Ning to escort him to Chang'an; the court promoted him to acting palace attendant and acting gate guard commander.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 15Volume 15 Book of Later Liang 15: Biographies 5: Han Jian, Li Hanzhi, Feng Xingxi, Sun Dezhao, Zhao Keyu, Zhang Shensi · 5 passages

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初，秦宗權之據蔡州，招合亡命，建隸為軍士，累轉至小校。 When Qin Zongquan held Caizhou he recruited fugitives; Jian joined as a soldier and rose to junior officer.

唐中和初，忠武監軍楊復光起兵於蔡，宗權遣其將鹿宴宏赴之，建與里人王建俱隸宴宏軍，入援京師。 At the beginning of the Tang dynasty's Zhonghe era, Yang Fuguang, military supervisor of the Zhongwu Army, raised troops at Cai. Qin Zongquan sent his general Lu Yanhong to join him; Han Jian and his fellow townsman Wang Jian then joined Yanhong's army and entered the capital to reinforce it.

歲餘，為蔡賊秦宗權寇迫，不能守，乃棄郡歸項城，收合餘眾，依河陽諸葛爽，爽署為懷州刺史。 Zongquan drove him from Guang; he regrouped at Xiangcheng and Zhuge Shuang made him Huai commissioner.

光啟初，僖宗以爽為東南面招討，以擊宗權，爽乃表罕之為副，令將兵屯宋州。 At the beginning of Guangqi, Emperor Xizong appointed Zhuge Shuang commander of the campaign forces on the southeastern front against Qin Zongquan. Shuang then petitioned for Hanzhi to serve as his deputy and sent him with troops to garrison Song Prefecture.

光啟元年，蔡賊秦宗權遣將孫儒來攻，罕之對壘數月，以兵少備竭，委城而遁，西保於澠池。 Guangqi 1 Sun Ru besieged Luoyang; outnumbered, Hanzhi fled to Mianchi.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 16Volume 16 Book of Later Liang 16: Biographies 6: Ge Congzhou, Xie Yanzhang, He Zhen, Zhang Guiba, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guibian · 1 passage

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翌日，宗權遣將張郅來寇，列寨於赤堈。 Next day Zhang Zhi of Cai camped at Chijin.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 4 passages

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唐光啟中，秦宗權凶焰飆起，屢擾江、淮，郡將不能城守。 In Guangqi, Qin Zongquan ravaged the Jiang-Huai region until prefectural garrisons could no longer hold their walls.

父德諲，初事秦宗權為列校，當宗權強暴時，表為襄州留後。 His father Dexin served Qin Zongquan as a column commander and was made acting commissioner of Xiang when Zongquan grew violent.

唐光啟四年夏六月，德諲審宗權必敗，乃舉漢南之地以歸唐朝，仍遣使投分於太祖，兼誓戮力，同討宗權。 In summer, month 6 of Guangqi 4, Dexin saw Zongquan would fall, surrendered Hannan to Tang, sent envoys to the Founder, and swore to destroy Zongquan together.

乾寧初，以明經中第，累遷宣州從事，復為秦宗權行軍司馬。 In early Qianning he passed the classics exam, served at Xuancheng, and became Qin Zongquan's campaign marshal.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 19Volume 19 Book of Later Liang 19: Biographies 9: Shi Shucong, Zhu Yougong, Wang Zhongshi, Zhu Zhen, Li Si'an, Deng Jiyun, Huang Wenjing, Hu Gui, Li Dang, Li Zhongyin, Fan Jushi · 4 passages

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太祖討巢、蔡於陳、許間，叔琮奮擊，首出諸校，太祖壯之，自行伍間擢為後院馬軍都將。 Fighting Huang Chao and Qin Zongquan between Chen and Xu, Shucong led the charge; the Founder pulled him from the ranks to command the rear-guard cavalry.

於是簡練軍伍，裁制綱紀，平巢破蔡，多珍之力也。 He drilled the ranks and enforced discipline; much of the victory over Chao and Cai was Zhen's doing.

時巢、蔡合從，太祖每遣偵邏，必率先獨往。 While Huang Chao and the Cai rebels were allied, Si'an always went ahead alone whenever the Founder sent scouts.

太祖大舉伐宗權，俾重胤以滑兵為先鋒。 When the Founder launched a major campaign against Zongquan, he put Chongyin and the Huazhou troops in the vanguard.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 136Volume 136: Biographies of Usurpers 3: Wang Jian, Meng Zhixiang · 2 passages

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秦宗權據蔡州，懸重賞以募之，建始自行間得補軍候。 When Qin Zongquan held Cai Prefecture and posted heavy bounties to raise troops, Wang Jian went on his own and was enrolled as a military scout.

時梁祖為巢將，領眾攻襄、鄧，宗權遣小校鹿晏宏從監軍楊復光率師攻之，建亦預行。 The future Liang founder was then one of Huang Chao's generals, leading forces against Xiangyang and Dengzhou. Qin Zongquan sent the junior officer Lu Yanhong with the supervising commander Yang Fuguang to oppose him, and Wang Jian marched with them.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 189Volume 189 Biographies 114: Gao, Zhao, Tian, Zhu · 3 passages

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巢聞楷死，驚且怒，悉軍據溵水，與秦宗權合兵數十萬，繚長壕五周，百道攻之。 Huang Chao, hearing that Kai was dead, was shocked and furious. He massed his entire army on the Yin River, joined Qin Zongquan for a force of hundreds of thousands, dug five rings of trenches around the city, and assaulted it from every side.

宗權輸鎧仗軍須，賊益張。 Qin Zongquan sent armor, arms, and supplies, and the rebels grew bolder still.

巢雖敗，宗權始熾，略地數千里，屠二十餘州，唯陳賴犨獨完，以功檢校司徒，加泰寧、浙西兩節度，皆在陳並領之。 Though Huang Chao was beaten, Qin Zongquan now rose to power, seizing territory for thousands of li and massacring people in more than twenty prefectures. Chen alone, thanks to Chou, stood intact. For this he was made Acting Grand Mentor and given the Taining and Zhexi circuits as well—all governed from Chen in his own hands.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 4Volume 4 Later Tang Annals 1: Zhuangzong 1 · 1 passage

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黄巢南走至蔡州，降秦宗权，遂攻陈州。 Huang Chao withdrew to Caizhou, submitted to Qin Zongquan, and turned to besiege Chenzhou.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 22Volume 22 Later Liang Biographies 2: Kang Huaiying, Liu Xun, Niu Cunjie, Zhang Guiba, Wang Zhongshi, Xu Huaiyu · 4 passages

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秦宗權攻汴，歸霸戰數有功。 When Qin Zongquan struck Bian, Guiba fought bravely and often.

秦宗權陷許州，重師脫身歸梁，從太祖平蔡，攻兗、鄆，為拔山軍指揮使。 When Qin Zongquan seized Xu Prefecture, Chongshi slipped away to Liang, followed Taizu against Cai, stormed Yan and Yun, and commanded the Uproot-Mountains Army.

秦宗權攻梁，壁金堤、靈昌、酸棗，懷玉以輕騎連擊破之，俘殺五千餘人，遷左長劍都虞候。 Qin Zongquan attacked Liang and walled himself at Jindi, Lingchang, and Suanzao; Huaiyu routed him again and again with light cavalry, killed or captured more than five thousand, and rose to Left Long-Sword Chief Inspector.

又破宗權於板橋、赤岡，拔其八柵。 He beat Zongquan again at Banqiao and Chigang and tore down eight stockades.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 2 passages

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是時，太祖新就鎮，黃巢、秦宗權等兵方盛，太祖數為所窘，而梁未有佗將，乃以虔裕將騎兵，常為先鋒擊巢陳、蔡間，拔其數柵。 Taizu had just taken command. Huang Chao, Qin Zongquan, and others were still strong; Taizu was often hard pressed and Liang had no other generals—so Qianyu was put in charge of cavalry, regularly leading the van against Chao between Chen and Cai and taking several palisades.

黃巢已去，秦宗權攻許、鄭，與梁為敵境，大小百餘戰，虔裕常有功。 After Huang Chao was gone Qin Zongquan attacked Xu and Zheng. On the Liang border more than a hundred battles large and small were fought; Qianyu regularly distinguished himself.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Miscellaneous Biographies 21: Lu Guangchou, Tan Quanbo, Lei Man, Zhong Chuan, Zhao Kuangning · 4 passages

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其父德諲事秦宗權，為申州刺史。 His father Zhao Dexin served Qin Zongquan and became prefect of Shen.

宗權反，德諲攻下襄陽。 When Zongquan turned rebel, Dexin took Xiangyang.

梁太祖攻蔡州，宗權屢敗，德諲乃以山南東道七州降。 Zhu Wen attacked Cai again and again until Zongquan broke. Dexin then surrendered all seven prefectures of Shannan East.

梁太祖初鎮宣武，嘗為宗權所困，聞德諲降，大喜，表為行營副都統，河陽、保義、義昌三節度行軍司馬。 Zhu Wen, newly made lord of Xuanyi, had once been cornered by Zongquan. Dexin’s surrender delighted him. He made Dexin deputy supreme commander of the field army and liaison commissioner for Heyang, Baoyi, and Yichang.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Miscellaneous Biographies 23: Shi Shucong, Li Yanwei, Li Zhen, Pei Di, Wei Zhen, Kong Xun, Sun Dezhao, Wang Jingrao, Jiang Yin · 4 passages

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申叢執秦宗權，欲送於太祖，又欲自獻於京師，又欲挾宗權奪其兵。 Shen Cong held Qin Zongquan prisoner. He wavered: deliver him to Zhu Wen, march him to Chang’an for credit, or seize the man and swallow his army.

璠以宗權歸於太祖，太祖欲大其事，請獻俘於唐，唐以時溥破黃巢，獻馘而已，宗權不足俘，左拾遺徐彥樞亦疏請所在斬決。 Fan delivered Zongquan to Zhu Wen. The Founder wanted the triumph loud and asked to present the captive at Tang court. Tang answered that Shi Pu, when he broke Huang Chao, had sent only severed ears—Zongquan was not worth a grand presentation. Remonstrance official Xu Yanshu also asked that he be executed on the spot.

太祖遣震奏事京師，往復論列，卒俘宗權。 The Founder sent Zhen to argue the case at court. He argued back and forth until Zongquan was accepted as a presented captive.

潁州與淮西為鄰境，數為秦宗權所攻，力戰拒之，宗權悉陷河南諸州，獨敬蕘不可下，由是潁旁諸州民，皆保敬蕘避賊。 Ying bordered Huaixi (Huai West) and Qin Zongquan struck again and again. Jingrao fought him off. Zongquan swallowed every Henan prefecture but could not take Ying, and people from the surrounding districts fled to Jingrao for safety.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 68Volume 68: Hereditary House of Min · 2 passages

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是時，蔡州秦宗權方募士以益兵，乃以緒為光州刺史，召其兵會擊黃巢。 Qin Zongquan of Cai Prefecture was then recruiting soldiers to swell his ranks. He named Xu governor of Guang Prefecture and called on his troops to march with him against Huang Chao.

緒遲留不行，宗權發兵攻緒。 Xu lingered and refused to move, so Zongquan sent an army against him.