Lu Qi (盧杞) | 24 Histories

Overview

Lu Qi was a Controversial Official.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 785 貞元元年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 109, 121, 136
AD 781 to AD 784 Lu Qi in government and at Fengtian
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 135, 138
AD 781 to AD 783 作相三年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 110, 121; Old Book of Tang 157, passages 138, 149
AD 781 to AD 783 宰相盧杞薦之
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 104
AD 780 建中元年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 131, passages 48, 87
AD 783 to AD 788 建中末至貞元
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 135, passage 57

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AD 779 to AD 784 德宗初
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 130, passages 45, 127
AD 783 德宗幸山南
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passage 45
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂、帝出居奉天
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 144, passages 170, 177
AD 780 to AD 783 楊炎、盧杞為相
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 61
AD 780 to AD 784 為盧杞所惡
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 45
AD 779 to AD 783 為相 until Jianzhong 4
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 89
AD 783 盧杞忌之於前
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 245
AD 762 to AD 765 盧杞早年與之同在仆固懷恩使府
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 127
AD 782 to AD 785 盧杞甚惡之，諷有司彈奏
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 162
AD 782 盧杞疾驅而過
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 52, passage 24
AD 779 to AD 783 盧杞薦授刑部員外郎
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passage 168
AD 783 與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 46, 72
AD 783 to AD 784 薦上疏
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 161, passage 43
AD 783 to AD 784 袁高之執盧杞
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 298
AD 784 袁高之執盧杞
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 271
AD 785 貞元元年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 137, 164

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Prefect of Raozhou 饒州刺史
AD 785 貞元元年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109
prefect of Raozhou 饒州刺史
AD 785 貞元元年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 137
militia commander of Xinzhou 新州司馬
Demoted to · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 123
militia commander of Xinzhou 新州司馬
Demoted
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 151
senior administrator of Jizhou 吉州長史
AD 785 貞元元年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109
chancellor 宰相
AD 781 to AD 783 作相三年 · Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 110; Old Book of Tang 157, passages 138, 149

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Chief minister 宰相
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂、帝出居奉天 · Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 179
chief minister / holder of government 秉政
AD 781 to AD 784 自用楊炎、盧杞秉政 · Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 135
chancellor 相
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 61; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 89
chief minister 宰相
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 24
Chief Minister 宰相
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 104
senior administrator of Jizhou 吉州長史
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 137
senior administrator 上佐
AD 785 貞元元年 · Proposed as substitute for prefect
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 134-135
Entered
Demoted
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 141
spared clan extermination and shown demotion, then moved nearer 免族戮，貶黜，稍遷近地
AD 785 貞元元年 · Demoted then moved · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 113
pardon from death 赦杞萬死
Pardoned · Authority Dezong (德宗) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 123
spared clan extermination 免族戮
Pardoned · Negated false
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 141

Places and affiliations

Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 45, 127, 162; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 46, 104, 135, 245; Old Book of Tang 153, passages 61, 109-110, 271; Old Book of Tang 157, passages 89, 137; New Book of Tang 144, passage 170
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 298
AD 785 貞元元年
At Jizhou 吉州 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109
AD 785 貞元元年
At Raozhou 饒州 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109
AD 785 貞元元年
At Raozhou 饒州 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 137
At Jizhou 吉州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 137

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At Pugu Huai'en's mission office 仆固懷恩使府 · Relation Served at
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 127
At Xinzhou 新州 · Relation Posted to · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 123
At Xinzhou 新州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 151

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Dezong (德宗) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 138
Memorial · Author · With Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passages 177-179
Speech · Speaker · Speaker Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passages 47-48
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 183

Events and relationships

Answered before the emperor
Audience · Minister · With Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 138
Drove past weeping townsmen protesting market levies
Political · Chief minister
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 24
Drove emperor into exile
Political · Minister · With Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 140, 149
Early association with Shaoyou under Pugu Huai'en helped raise Shaoyou's rank
Political · Patron connection · With Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 127
Falsely offered to go west
AD 783 與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水 · Political · Actor · With Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 46
Framed Ning
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂、帝出居奉天 · Political · Schemer · With Cui Ning (崔寧)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passages 172, 175, 177

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Opposed by Yuan Gao
AD 784 袁高之執盧杞 · Political · Target · With Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 271
Opposed by
Political · Target · With Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 298
Prompted impeachment of
Political · Instigator · With Lu Bie (盧鸑)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 162
Raozhou prefectural appointment recalled after remonstrance
AD 785 貞元元年 · Political · Appointee · Outcome Appointment withdrawn
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 134, 136
Raozhou edict recalled
AD 785 貞元元年 · Political · Appointee
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 164
Recommended for office
Personnel · Recommender · With Qi Ying (齊映)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 168
Withheld memorial
Political · Suppressor
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 161, passage 43
AD 785 貞元元年
Relation Opposed by · Person Yuan Gao (袁高)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 110, 116, 121
Relation Rival of · Person Li Kui (李揆)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 45
Relation Rival of · Person Liu Hun (柳渾)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 245
Relation Colleague of · Person Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 127; Old Book of Tang 130, passage 127
Relation Rival of · Person Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 245
Relation Served under · Person Pugu Huai'en (仆固懷恩)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 127
Relation Recommender of · Person Liu Congyi (劉從一)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 104
Relation Rival of · Person Cui Ning (崔寧)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passages 172, 177
Relation Rival of · Person Lu Bie (盧鸑)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 162; Old Book of Tang 130, passage 162
Relation Recommender of · Person Zhang Yi (張鎰)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 46
Relation Rival of · Person Zhang Yi (張鎰)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 46, 245
Relation Political opponent of · Person Liu Nai (劉迺)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 89
Relation Bore ill will toward · Person Kui (揆)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 45

Assessments and attributes

Assessment befouled the imperial design and brought about the present crisis · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 135
AD 785 貞元元年
Assessment deceitful, treacherous, and secretive; drove away the loyal; caused the emperor's exile and scarred the realm · Assessor Person Id Yuan Gao (袁高) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 110-112
Assessment deceitful, treacherous, secretive; drove away the loyal; caused the emperor's exile · Assessor Person Id Yuan Gao (袁高) · Mode speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 138, 140, 149
Assessment flattering and following the emperor's intent; words not upright · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 138
Assessment governance utterly vicious and evil · Assessor Person Id Yuan Gao (袁高) · Mode speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 144
Assessment greatly hated Lu Bie · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 162

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Assessment indifferent to popular protest · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 24
Assessment mostly detested upright men · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 61; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 89
Assessment resented Zhang Yi and sought to entrap him · With Zhang Yi (張鎰) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 46
Assessment treacherous and corrupt · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Li Mian (李勉)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 135, passage 60
Assessment treacherous minister who constantly harbored deceit, not merely falling short · Assessor Person Id Yuan Gao (袁高) · Mode speech Speaker Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 156
Assessment where he fell short the fault was the emperor's · Assessor Person Id Dezong (德宗) · Mode speech Speaker Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 154

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 45, 127; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 135, 138, 245; Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109; New Book of Tang 144, passage 170
Value historical
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 298

References in the histories

Search passages

History

33 passages

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 129Volume 125 Biographies 75: Zhang Yi, Liu Congyi, Xiao Fu, Liu Hun · 5 passages

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盧杞忌鎰名重道直，無以陷之，以方用兵西邊，杞乃偽請行，上固以不可，因薦鎰以中書侍郎為鳳翔隴右節度使代硃泚，與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水。 Lu Qi resented Zhang Yi's great reputation and upright conduct and had no means to entrap him. As troops were then being deployed on the western frontier, Qi falsely offered to go in person. The emperor firmly refused, and Qi therefore recommended Zhang Yi, with the title of vice director of the Secretariat, as military governor of Fengxiang-Longyou to replace Zhu Ci. Zhang Yi then entered into an alliance with the Tibetan minister Shang Jiezan and others at Qingshui.

服除，宰相盧杞薦之，超遷侍御史。 When the mourning period ended, Chief Minister Lu Qi recommended him, and he was promoted by exception to attendant censor.

上不悅，又請別對，奏云：「陛下臨禦之初，聖德光被，自用楊炎、盧杞秉政，惛瀆皇猷，以致今日。 The emperor was displeased. Fu again requested a separate audience and memorialized, saying, "When Your Majesty first assumed the throne, sage virtue shone abroad. Since Yang Yan and Lu Qi were entrusted with government, they have befouled the imperial design and brought about the present crisis.

盧杞奏對於上前，阿諛順旨，復正色曰：「杞之詞不正。」 Lu Qi answered before the emperor, flattering and following his intent. Fu said sternly, "Qi's words are not upright."

史臣曰：張鎰、蕭復、柳渾，節行才能訏謨亮直，皆足相明主，平泰階，而盧杞忌之於前，延賞排之於後，管仲有言：「任君子，使小人間之，害霸也。」 The historiographer says: Zhang Yi, Xiao Fu, and Liu Hun—in integrity, conduct, talent, and outspoken, bright uprightness—all were sufficient to assist an enlightened ruler and level the grand stairway. Yet Lu Qi envied them before and Yanshang excluded them after. Guan Zhong said, "Employ the gentleman and let petty men come between—this harms hegemony."

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 130Volume 126 Biographies 76: Li Kui, Li Han, Chen Shaoyou, Lu Yue, Pei Xu · 3 passages

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元載以罪誅，除揆睦州刺史，入拜國子祭酒、禮部尚書，為盧杞所惡。 After Yuan Zai was executed for his crimes, Kui was made prefect of Muzhou, then recalled to serve as chancellor of the National University and minister of rites, but Lu Qi bore him ill will.

關播嘗為少遊賓僚，盧杞早年與之同在仆固懷恩使府，故驟加其官秩。 Guan Bo had once served on his staff, and Lu Qi had been with him in Pugu Huai'en's mission office in their youth—hence his sudden elevation in rank.

盧杞甚惡之，諷有司彈奏，坐貶撫州司馬同正，改饒州刺史，遷福州刺史、福建觀察使。 Lu Qi detested him, had him impeached, and demoted him to secretary of Fuzhou. He was later made prefect of Raozhou, then of Fuzhou and observation commissioner of Fujian.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 131Volume 127 Biographies 77: Yao Lingyan, Zhang Guangcheng, Yuan Xiu, Qiao Lin, Zhang She, Jiang Zhen, Hong Jinglun, Peng Yan · 1 passage

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休履危而還，宰相盧杞又恐復命之日以口辯結恩，將至太原，遽奏為光祿卿。 Xiu had returned from peril, yet Chancellor Lu Qi feared that on the day of his audience he would win favor by eloquence; when Xiu was nearing Taiyuan, Qi hastily memorialized to appoint him Minister of Imperial Entertainments.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 135Volume 131 Biographies 81: Li Mian; Li Gao and His Sons Xianggu and Daogu · 2 passages

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無何，盧杞自新州員外司馬除澧州刺史，給事中袁高以杞邪佞蠹政，貶未塞責，停詔執表，遂授澧州別駕。 Before long Lu Qi was appointed from acting chief secretary of Xin Prefecture to prefect of Li. Attendant Yuan Gao argued that Qi was corrupt and destructive and that demotion to a prefecture was insufficient punishment. He blocked the edict and submitted a memorial, and Qi was reduced to vice prefect of Li instead.

他日，上謂勉曰：「眾人皆言盧杞奸邪，朕何不知！ On another occasion the emperor said to Mian, "Everyone says Lu Qi is treacherous and corrupt. Do you think I do not know it?

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 157Volume 153 Biographies 103: Yao Nanzhong, Liu Nai, Yuan Gao, Duan Pingzhong, Xue Cuncheng, Lu Tan · 11 passages

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及楊炎、盧杞為相，意多醜正，以故五歲不遷。 When Yang Yan and Lu Qi became chancellors, they mostly detested upright men, and for five years he received no promotion.

貞元元年，德宗復用吉州長史盧杞為饒州刺史，令高草詔書。 In Zhenyuan 1 Dezong again appointed Lu Qi, former senior administrator of Jizhou, prefect of Raozhou and ordered Gao to draft the edict.

高執詞頭以謁宰相盧翰、劉從一曰：「盧杞作相三年，矯詐陰賊，退斥忠良。 Gao took the draft and called on chancellors Lu Han and Liu Congyi, saying, 'Lu Qi served as chancellor for three years, deceitful, treacherous, and secretive, driving away the loyal.

傲很明德，反易天常，播越鑾輿，瘡痍天下，皆杞之為也。 Arrogant toward virtue, he reversed Heaven's order, drove the emperor into exile, and scarred the realm—all was Qi's doing.