Liu Zao (劉藻) | 24 Histories

Overview

Liu Zao was an official and Governor-General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Changed name	Yulin	玉麟	Yulin
Courtesy name	Sucun	素存	Sucun

Life and dates

Death

AD 1766 三十一年
Suicide
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 36, 38

Attested activity

AD 1766 三十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 24, 36
AD 1765 三十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 21
AD 1757 乾隆二十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 337, passage 50
AD 1736 乾隆元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2
AD 1756 二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 17
AD 1764 二十九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 20

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AD 1757 二十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 18
AD 1741 六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 9

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Mother of Liu Zao
mother 母
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 14, 17

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Reviser in the Hanlin Academy 檢討
AD 1736 乾隆元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2
Financial Commissioner of Shaanxi 陝西布政使
AD 1756 二十一年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 17
Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou 雲貴總督
AD 1764 二十九年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 20
Governor of Yunnan 雲南巡撫
AD 1757 二十二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 18
Academician of the Grand Secretariat 內閣學士
AD 1741 六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 9
Educational commissioner of Jiangsu 江蘇學政
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 10

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Instructor at Guancheng 觀城教諭
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2
Left Assistant Censor-in-Chief 左僉都御史
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 3
Vice Commissioner of the Court of Transmission 通政使
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 8
Governor of Guizhou 貴州巡撫
Concurrent
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 19
Governor of Hubei 湖北巡撫
AD 1766 三十一年 · Demoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 32
Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan 宗人府府丞
Demoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 11
Governor-General of Huguang 湖廣總督
AD 1766 三十一年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 24
Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子少保
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 19
Entered
Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 65
Requested
Leave to care for parent
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 14
forbidden to erect career stele 不得聽其家立碑書歷官事實
Imposed · Authority Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 38

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 65; Draft History of Qing 337, passage 50
At Heze, Shandong 山東菏澤
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 1

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1736 乾隆元年 · Credential Erudite Learning and Polished Composition (Boxue Hongci), first class 博學鴻詞一等
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2
Earned
Credential Recommended Man (juren) 舉人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2

Works and attributed material

Memorial · Author · With Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passages 4-6
Report · Speaker · With Lu Chao (盧焯)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 337, passages 50-51

Events and relationships

Returned bribe
Personal · Recipient · With Wu Zhifu (吳之黼)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 12

Assessments and attributes

Assessment alarm and timidity · Mode named-speaker Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 38
Assessment worthy of the Four Knowings · Mode named-speaker Speaker Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 13

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 318, passage 65
From Yulin 玉麟 · To Zao 藻
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 327, passage 2

References in the histories

Search passages

History

15 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 318Volume 318 Biographies 105: A Gui, A Di Si, A Bi Da · 1 passage

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緬甸擾邊，總督劉藻、楊應琚先後得罪去，上命明瑞率師討之，至猛育，糧盡，戰沒。 When Burma raided the frontier, Governors-General Liu Zao and Yang Yingju were dismissed in turn; the emperor sent Mingrui to lead a punitive expedition, but at Mengyu his supplies gave out and he was killed in action.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 327Volume 327 Biographies 114: Liu Zao, Yang Yingju, Yang Zhongying, Su Erxiang, Ming Rui · 13 passages

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劉藻，字素存，山東菏澤人。 Liu Zao, styled Sucun, was a native of Heze in Shandong.

初名玉麟，以舉人授觀城教諭，乾隆元年，薦舉博學鴻詞，試一等，授檢討，更名。 Originally named Yulin, he received appointment as instructor at Guancheng on the strength of his juren degree. In the first year of the Qianlong reign he was recommended for the special examination in erudite learning and polished composition, ranked in the first class, appointed a reviser in the Hanlin Academy, and given his present name.

藻居揚州候代，有吳之黼者，以文求教，藻行，饋糟魚，受之，中途發視，得白金四百，藻畀兩淮運使硃續晫還之黼。 While Zao was staying in Yangzhou awaiting reassignment, a man named Wu Zhifu sought his instruction in literature. When Zao set out on his journey, Zhifu presented pickled fish as a gift; he accepted it, but on the road opened it and found four hundred taels of silver inside. Zao entrusted the money to the Lianghuai grain transport commissioner Zhu Xuzhe to return it to Zhifu.

孝賢皇后及長皇子定安親王喪，藻詣闕入見。 During the mourning for Empress Xiaoxian and for the Prince of Ding'an, the eldest imperial son, Zao came to the capital for an audience.

會大學士張廷玉乞歸失上指，因獎藻，謂其知君臣休戚相關大義，以媿廷玉，加藻內閣學士銜，賜人葠二斤，命歸養母。 At the time Grand Secretary Zhang Tingyu's request to retire had displeased the Emperor; the Emperor therefore praised Zao, saying that he understood the great principle that ruler and minister share weal and woe alike, so as to shame Zhang Tingyu. He granted Zao the title of Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, bestowed two jin of ginseng, and ordered him home to care for his mother.

二十九年，例行大計，巡撫圖爾炳阿未至，藻疏請先期舉行，上嘉之，旋授雲貴總督。 In the twenty-ninth year, at the regular grand evaluation of officials, Governor Tu Erbing'a had not yet arrived; Zao memorialized asking that it be held early. The Emperor commended this, and soon afterward appointed him Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou.

此法所難宥，藻反稱冒昧貪功輕進，何憒憒乃爾」？ This is unpardonable by law, yet Zao instead calls it rashness and greed for merit. How muddled can he be"?

詔言：「藻本書生，軍行機宜，非其所習，朕不責以所不能。 An edict stated: "Zao was originally a scholar; the conduct of military affairs is not what he has practiced, and We do not blame him for what he cannot do.

复諭：「應琚未至，藻當實力經理。 Another edict instructed: "Before Yingju arrives, Zao must manage affairs in earnest.

藻聞上怒，惶迫自殺，巡撫常鈞疏報。 When Zao heard of the Emperor's anger, he killed himself in panic; Governor Chang Jun memorialized to report it.

常鈞旋奏藻死，上复詔責其張皇畏葸，旅襯歸葬，不得聽其家立碑書歷官事實。 Chang Jun soon memorialized that Zao was dead. The Emperor again issued an edict reproaching his alarm and timidity, ordered his coffin sent home for burial, and forbade his family to erect a stele recording his official career.

是時緬甸為亂犯邊，總督劉藻戰屢敗，自殺。 At that time Burma was in rebellion and invading the border; Governor Liu Zao was repeatedly defeated in battle and killed himself.

論曰：藻起詞科，以廉被主知，陟歷中外。 The commentators say: Zao rose through the examination in belles-lettres, won his sovereign's favor through integrity, and rose through posts at court and in the provinces.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 337Volume 337 Biographies 124: Lu Chao, Tu Er Bing A, A Si Ha, Gong Zhaolin, Yang Jingsu, Min Eyuan · 1 passage

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二十二年，西安布政使劉藻入覲，言焯在西安入貢方物，但量給薄值； In 1757 Xi'an treasurer Liu Zao presented himself at court and reported that while in Xi'an Chao had accepted local tribute goods but paid only token prices;