Overview
Lin Xiangru was an official and Diplomat.
PeriodAncient China
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternate name | Master Lin | 藺子 | Lìn Zǐ |
| Epithet | young Lan | 藺生 |
Life and dates
Attested activity
- BC 260 七年……藺相如病甐Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 143, 148-149
- BC 280 夫藺先生收功於章台…Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 99, passage 107
- BC 283 引趙使者藺相如Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 50
- BC 271 後四年Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 107
- BC 283 慕藺Directly stated · History of the Northern Dynasties 88, passage 144
- BC 283 慕藺相如之為人也Strongly inferred · Book of Han 66, passage 5
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- BC 283 to BC 279 戰國趙Strongly inferred · Book of Song 58, passage 52
- BC 283 方藺相如引璧睨柱Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 238
- BC 280 既罷歸國，拜為上卿Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 86
- BC 283 to BC 279 昔藺相如叱秦王Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 92, passage 181
- BC 280 to BC 270 是歲…後四年…其明年Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 104, 107-108
- BC 283 相如既歸，趙王以為賢大夫Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 59
- BC 283 to BC 279 藺子申威秦王Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 22, passage 21
- BC 300 to BC 260 藺生Strongly inferred · Book of Liang 47, passage 258
- BC 279 藺相如前曰Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 74
- BC 279 藺相如計曰Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 65
- BC 270 趙奢於是與廉頗、藺相如同位Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 141
- BC 298 to BC 266 趙惠文王時Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 3-4
- BC 283 to BC 279 退而讓頗Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 239
Key source chapters
- Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 81 Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru 45 passages
- Book of Han, Chapter 66 Volume 57a: Sima Xiangru 1 passage
- History of the Northern Dynasties, Chapter 88 Volume 88 Biographies 76: Recluses 1 passage
- Book of Han, Chapter 22 Volume 20: Prominent People from the Past Until the Present 1 passage
- Book of Han, Chapter 99 Volume 87b: Yang Xiong 2 1 passage
Career and standing
- retainer 舍人Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 3, 9
- Zhao envoy 趙使者Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 50
- upper grandee 上大夫BC 283 相如既歸 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 59
- upper minister 上卿AppointedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 86
- envoy 使者Held · Polity Zhao 趙Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 50
- same rank as Zhao She and Lian Po 與廉頗、藺相如同位BC 270 趙奢於是與廉頗、藺相如同位 · Same rankDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 141
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- originally a lowly person 素賤人Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 87
- position to the right of Lian Po 位在廉頗之右Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 86
- crime of deceiving the king worthy of death 欺大王之罪當誅Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 55
Places and affiliations
- Polity Zhao 趙 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 3, 29, 50, 59, 86, 98, 141
- Polity Zhao 趙 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 238-239; New Book of Tang 92, passage 181
- At Zhao 趙Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 3
- At Guangcheng guesthouse 廣成傳 · Relation Lodged atDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 48
- At Pingyi 平邑 · Relation ReachedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 107
- At Qin court 秦廷 · Relation VisitedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 50, 58
Works and attributed material
- Speech · Speaker · Addressed to King Xiaocheng of Zhao (孝成王) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 148-149
- Record · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 81
- Speech · Speaker · Quote true · With King Huiwen of Zhao (趙惠文王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 20, 22-24, 26-28
- Speech · Speaker · With King of Qin (秦王) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 51-55, 74, 78
- Speech · Speaker · Quote true · With King Zhaoxiang of Qin (秦昭王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 32-43, 46-47
- Speech · Speaker · Quote trueDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 11, 14-16
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 65, 83, 95, 97-100
Events and relationships
- Accompanied zhao king to mianchiDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 66
- Admonished by retainers who requested leavePolitical · LordDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 92-94
- Appointed upper ministerBC 280 既罷歸國 · Appointment · AppointeeDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 86
- Attacked then haltedBC 271 後四年 · Military · Commander · At Pingyi 平邑Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 107
- Avoided meetingDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 89-91
- Became sworn friendsDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 103
Show 30 more source-backed claims
- Berated in courtBC 279 相如廷叱之 · Diplomatic · Envoy · With King of Qin (秦王) · Mode self-report Speaker Lin Xiangru (藺相如)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 97
- BeratedDirectly stated · New Book of Tang 92, passage 181
- Countered city toast demand with xianyangDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 82-83
- Demanded qin king strike fou and threatened himDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 74, 76, 78
- Dissuaded flight to Yan and advised pleaDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 11, 14-16
- Explained avoidance to retainersSpeech · SpeakerDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 95-100
- Had attendant return bi to Zhao by side pathDiplomatic · EnvoyDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 49
- Had zhao scribe record qin king striking fouDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 81
- Offered to submit to boiling cauldronDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 55
- OverawedDirectly stated · Book of Han 22, passage 21
- Presented bi at ZhangtaiDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 30
- Received formal court audience and sent homeDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 58
- Reclaimed bi threatened to smash against pillarDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 32-33, 42-44
- Required Qin fast and nine guest riteDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 46-47
- Returned and appointed upper grandeeDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 59
- Revealed jade already returned to zhaoDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 51-52
- Summoned to qin courtDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 50
- Threatened to destroy jade and rebuked attendantsDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 238
- Urged king to attend mianchiDated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 65
- Volunteered to take bi to QinDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 26-29
- Yielded placeDirectly stated · Book of Han 22, passage 21
- YieldedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 239
- friends who would die for each other 刎頸之交Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 103
- Relation Retainer of · Person Miao Xian (繆賢)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 3, 9, 11
- Relation Envoy of · Person King Huiwen of Zhao (趙惠文王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 29
- Relation Confronted · Person King Zhaoxiang of Qin (秦昭王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 30, 33
- Relation Counselor to · Person King of Zhao (趙王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 65-66
- Relation Colleague of · Person Lian Po (廉頗)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 65
- Relation Rival reconciled with · Person Lian Po (廉頗)Directly stated · Book of Han 22, passage 21
- Relation Yielded to · Person Lian Po (廉頗)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 239
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment appointing Zhao Kuo by name/reputation alone is like gluing zither pegs · About Person Id Zhao Kuo (趙括) · Mode named-speech Speaker Lin Xiangru (藺相如)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 148-149
- Assessment brave warrior with wisdom and strategy, fit to be sent as envoy · Mode named-speech Speaker Miao Xian (繆賢)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 18
- Assessment broad-minded-and-generous · Mode named-source-report Speaker Lian Po (廉頗)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 102
- Assessment combined wisdom and courage; name weightier than Mount Tai · Mode historian-judgment Speaker Grand Historian (太史公)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 239
- Assessment model for serving a lord · Mode named-speaker Speaker Ruan Xiaoxu (阮孝緒)Directly stated · Book of Liang 47, passage 258
- Assessment overawed the King of Qin and yielded to Lian Po, yet ranked fifth class · Mode commentator-judgment Speaker Zhang Yan (張晏)Directly stated · Book of Han 22, passage 21
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- Assessment put-state-before-private-grudge · Mode self-report Speaker Lin Xiangru (藺相如)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 100
- Assessment summoned courage, overawed and won trust from an enemy state · Mode historian-judgment Speaker Grand Historian (太史公)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 239
- Assessment worthy envoy who did not disgrace Zhao among the feudal lords · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id King of Zhao (趙王)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 59
- gravely ill at ChangpingIllnessDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 143
- Item jade disk (bi) 璧 · Relation HeldDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passage 238
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 3, 50, 86, 141, 238
- Refused to meet Lian Po and claimed illness at court to avoid contending over rankDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 81, passages 89-90
References in the histories
53 passages
No matching passages.