Li Hu (李胡) | 24 Histories

Overview

Li Hu was an Imperial Younger Brother.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Xiyin	奚隱	Xīyǐn
Posthumous name	Zhangsu	章肅	Zhāngsù
Alternate name	Honggu	洪古	Hónggǔ

Life and dates

Death

Died in prison · Age Value: 50 · At western valley of Mount Yufeng 玉峰山西谷
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 70
Died in prison · Date Source Date: Text: 應曆10年十月 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 960
Directly stated · History of Liao 6, passage 153

Age

50
Reckoning Sui · Context at death
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 70

Attested activity

AD 960 應曆10年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 6, passage 153
AD 951 to AD 969 穆宗時
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 70
AD 947 世宗即位時李胡逆擊
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 71, passages 65-66
AD 912 六年八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 1, passage 100
AD 947 四月，皇太弟李胡
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 58, passages 38, 43
AD 947 大同元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 5, passage 4

Show 4 more source-backed claims

AD 947 天祿元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 113, passage 34
AD 930 天顯五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 57
AD 947 太宗崩後
Directly stated · History of Liao 77, passage 10
AD 947 to AD 969 章肅皇帝
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 96

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Empress Hejing (和敬)
consort 后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 72
Descendant of Emperor Taizu of Liao (遼太祖)
descended from 係出 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Liao 66, passage 423
Sibling of Yelü Bei (突欲)
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 48
Child of Emperor Taizu of Liao (遼太祖)
father 父
imperial son 皇子
son 子
third son 第三子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 72, passage 48; History of Liao 1, passage 100; History of Liao 66, passages 381, 423
Child of Taizu (太祖)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 71, passage 64
Sibling of Emperor Taizong of Liao (遼太宗)
imperial younger brother 太弟 · Uncertain siblings
Imperial Younger Brother 皇太弟
Directly stated · History of Liao 5, passage 4; History of Liao 58, passage 43
Child of Empress Dowager (太后)
imperial younger brother 太弟
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 5, passage 4
Sibling of Emperor Taizu of Liao (遼太祖)
imperial younger brother 皇太弟 · Uncertain siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 14, passage 204
Parent of Xiyin (喜隱)
son 子
Li Hu's son 李胡子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 72, passages 73, 156; History of Liao 6, passage 153
Parent of Wanyuan (宛)
Li Hu's son 李胡子
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 6, passage 63
Child of Shulu (舒嚕氏)
mother 母
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 71, passage 64; History of Liao 72, passage 48; History of Liao 77, passages 10, 66
Child of Taizu (太祖)
prince/son 皇子
Directly stated · History of Liao 77, passages 10, 22
Parent of Yelü Shucheng (耶律庶成)
son 子
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 66, passages 381-382
Parent of Yelü Wan (耶律宛)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 73

Kinship Role sons · Count 2
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 73

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Liao imperial clan 遼皇族
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 66, passage 381

Career and standing

commander-in-chief of all forces 天下兵馬大元帥
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 57
Emperor Qinshun 欽順皇帝
Posthumously titled
Directly stated · History of Liao 14, passage 204
Emperor 皇帝
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 66, passage 381
Appointed
AD 930 天顯五年 · Imperial younger brother heir
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 57
Entered
Exile · At Zuzhou 祖州
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 69
Moved
AD 947 大同元年 · Relocated · At Zu Prefecture 祖州
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 5, passage 10

Places and affiliations

Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · History of Liao 5, passage 4
Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 66, passage 381
Polity Id liao · Relation Member of
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 48
Polity Id liao · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 96
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 14, passage 204; History of Liao 58, passage 43; History of Liao 77, passage 10; History of Liao 113, passage 34

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 77, passages 11, 62

Events and relationships

Attacked
Military · Commander · At Huan Prefecture 寰州
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 57
Defeated at Taide Spring
Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Liao 113, passages 34, 38
Defeated at Taide Spring
AD 947 六月 · Military · Commander · At Taide Spring 泰德泉
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 5, passage 6
Defeated
Military · Commander · With Lord Anduan (安端) · At Taidé Spring 泰德泉
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 60
Opposed Shizong
AD 947 大同元年 · Military · Commander
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 5, passage 4
Opposed
AD 947 太宗崩後 · Military · Commander · With Emperor Shizong (世宗) · At Taidede Spring 泰德泉
Directly stated · History of Liao 77, passage 10

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Plotted deposition
Political · Conspirator
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 69
Sent envoys to inquire about military affairs
Diplomatic · Sender · With Emperor Taizong of Liao (遼太宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 58, passage 43

Assessments and attributes

Assessment cruel and arrogant · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passages 49, 74

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Liao 14, passage 204

References in the histories

Search passages

History

44 passages

History of Liao, Chapter 1Volume 1 Annals 1: Taizu 1 · 1 passage

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皇子李胡生。 The prince Li Hu was born.

History of Liao, Chapter 5Volume 5 Annals 5: Shizong · 4 passages

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太后聞帝即位，遣太弟李胡率兵拒之。 Learning that the Emperor had succeeded, the Empress Dowager sent Li Hu, the Imperial Younger Brother, with an army to oppose him.

至泰德泉，遇李胡軍，戰敗之。 At Taide Spring he met Li Hu's army and routed it.

秋閏七月，次潢河，太后、李胡整兵拒於橫渡，相持數日。 In the intercalary seventh autumn month he halted at the Huang River; the Empress Dowager and Li Hu arrayed troops to resist at Hengdu Ford, and the two sides faced off for several days.

既而聞太后、李胡復有異謀，遷於祖州。 Before long, hearing that the Empress Dowager and Li Hu were plotting again, he had them moved to Zu Prefecture.

History of Liao, Chapter 6Volume 6 Annals 6: Muzong 1 · 1 passage

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冬十月丙子，李胡子喜隱謀反，辭連李胡，下獄死。 That winter, in the tenth month, on bingzi day Li Huzi Xiyin plotted rebellion; testimony implicated Li Hu, who was imprisoned and died in custody.

History of Liao, Chapter 14Volume 14 Annals 14: Shengzong 5 · 1 passage

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秋七月，增太祖、太宗、讓國皇帝、世宗謚，仍謚皇太弟李胡曰欽順皇帝。 In the seventh autumn month the posthumous titles of Emperor Taizu, Emperor Taizong, the Emperor Who Yielded the Realm, and Emperor Shizong were augmented; Imperial Younger Brother Li Hu was also posthumously titled Emperor Qinshun.

History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 1 passage

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以章肅皇帝侍衛及武安州戶置。 It was established from the Zhangsu Emperor's bodyguard and households of Wu'an prefecture.

History of Liao, Chapter 58Volume 58 Treatises 28: Ceremonial Guards 4 · 1 passage

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四月，皇太弟李胡遣使問軍事，上報曰，朝會起居如禮。 In the fourth month, the Imperial Younger Brother Li Hu sent envoys to inquire about military affairs; the emperor reported that court assemblies and daily conduct proceeded according to ritual.

History of Liao, Chapter 66Volume 66 Tables 4: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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章肅皇帝李胡。 Li Hu, Emperor the Solemn and Respectful.

History of Liao, Chapter 71Volume 71 Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 3 passages

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太后常屬意於少子李胡。 The dowager empress favored her younger son Lihu.

太宗崩，世宗即位於鎮陽，太后怒，遣李胡以兵逆擊。 When Taizong died Shizong was enthroned at Zhenyang; the dowager, enraged, sent Lihu with an army against him.

李胡敗，太后親率師遇於潢河之橫渡。 Lihu was beaten; the dowager herself led forces and met the enemy at Hengdu ford on the Huang River.

History of Liao, Chapter 72Volume 72 Biographies 2: Imperial Family: Yi Zongbei, the Foreign Emperor Zhang Su, Shun Zongjun, Jin Wangaoluwo · 16 passages

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章肅皇帝李胡 Emperor Zhangsu Li Hu

章肅皇帝，小字李胡，一名洪古，字奚隱，太祖第三子，母淳欽皇后蕭氏。 Emperor Zhangsu, childhood name Li Hu, also called Honggu, style Xiyin, was Taizu's third son; his mother was Empress Chunqin of the Xiao clan.

太祖嘗觀諸子寢，李胡縮項臥內，曰：「是必在諸子下。」 Taizu once watched his sons sleep. Li Hu lay curled up with his neck drawn in, and Taizu said, "This one will surely rank below his brothers."

李胡取少而棄多，既至，袖手而立。 Li Hu took little and threw away much; when he arrived he stood with empty hands in his sleeves.

而母篤愛李胡。 Yet his mother doted on Li Hu.

天顯五年，遣徇地代北，攻寰州，多俘而還，遂立為皇太弟，兼天下兵馬大元帥。 In Tianxian year 5 he was sent to campaign in the Dai north, attacked Huan Prefecture, returned with many captives, and was made Imperial Younger Brother Heir while also serving as commander-in-chief of all forces.

太宗親征，常留守京師。 Whenever Taizong led campaigns in person, Li Hu usually stayed behind as regent in the capital.

世宗即位鎮陽，太后怒，遣李胡將兵擊之。 When Shizong assumed the throne at Zhenyang, the Empress Dowager in anger sent Li Hu with an army against him.

時李胡在側，作色曰：「我在，兀欲安得立？」 Li Hu stood at her side, flushed with anger, and said, "As long as I live, how can Wuyue take the throne?"

太后顧李胡曰：「昔我與太祖愛汝異於諸子，諺云：『偏憐之子不保業，難得之婦不主家。』 The Empress Dowager turned to Li Hu and said, "Taizu and I once loved you more than your brothers. As the proverb runs, 'The child too fondly indulged cannot keep the estate; the wife too hard won cannot keep the house.'

會有告李胡與太后謀廢立者，徙李胡祖州，禁其出入。 When word came that Li Hu and the Empress Dowager were plotting to depose the emperor, Li Hu was exiled to Zuzhou and forbidden to leave.