Jiang Zhongyuan (江忠源)

Overview

Jiang Zhongyuan was a general.

PeriodQing

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Life and dates

Death

AD 1853 咸豐三年
At Luzhou 廬州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 109
AD 1854 忠源戰歿廬州
Killed in battle · At Luzhou 廬州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 48
AD 1853 to AD 1854 忠源殉難廬州
At Luzhou 廬州 · Died in battle
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 6

Attested activity

AD 1852 to AD 1854 Xianfeng Hunan commander; lun recall of his brothers
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 197
AD 1853 三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passages 161, 167; Draft History of Qing 387, passages 95-96
AD 1853 三年正月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 146, 148-149
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 109
AD 1852 咸豐二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 5
AD 1851 咸豐元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passages 19, 24

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AD 1851 to AD 1852 咸豐元年至二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 29, 33-34
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 11, 14
AD 1854 忠源戰歿廬州
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 44, 48
AD 1853 to AD 1854 忠源殉難廬州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 6
AD 1849 道光二十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 21, 23

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Descendant of Paternal grandfather of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義祖父)
paternal grandfather 祖父 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Father of Jiang Zhongyuan (江忠源父)
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 4
Kin of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義)
elder cousin 從兄 · paternal line · Through Father of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義父), Father of Jiang Zhongyuan (江忠源父), Paternal grandfather of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義祖父)
younger cousin 從弟 · paternal line · Through Father of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義父), Father of Jiang Zhongyuan (江忠源父), Paternal grandfather of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義祖父)
Sources vary in certainty · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 4
Child of Father of Jiang Zhongyuan (江忠源父)
father 父 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 4
Sibling of Jiang Zhongyi (江忠義)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings · paternal line
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 197

諸弟並從治軍
Kinship Role younger-brothers · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 197

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Hubei provincial judge 湖北按察使
AD 1853 三年正月 · Held · At Hubei 湖北
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 148
magistrate of Xiushui 秀水令
AD 1849 道光二十九年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 23
Hubei surveillance commissioner 湖北按察使
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 167
Hunan county magistrate 湖南在籍知縣
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 24
governor 巡撫
Promoted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 167
Entered
Left office for mourning
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 23

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 96; Draft History of Qing 399, passage 148; Draft History of Qing 405, passages 14, 48; Draft History of Qing 429, passages 5, 197
At Guangxi 廣西 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 33
At Luzhou 廬州 · Relation Died at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 6

Events and relationships

Arrived to aid
AD 1853 三年正月 · Military · Reliever · With Zhang Fei (張芾) · At Nanchang 南昌
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 148
Fell in battle
Military · Commander · At Luzhou 廬州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 48
Killed
AD 1852 咸豐二年 · Military · Commander · With Feng Yunshan (馮雲山) · At Suoyi Ford 蓑衣渡
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 46
Led Chu braves to relieve Changsha
AD 1852 咸豐二年 · Military · Commander · At Changsha 長沙
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 5
Recommended by Zeng Guofan
Political · Recommended official
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 14
Repelled rebels repeatedly
AD 1853 三年正月 · Military · Commander · At Nanchang 南昌 · Outcome Siege lasted three months; rebels fled east
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 149

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Strike from rear
Military · Proposed commander · Mode named-person-proposal Speaker Weng Xincun (翁心存)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 161
Relation Recommended by · Person Zeng Guofan (曾國籓)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 14

Assessments and attributes

Assessment most diligent and honest; relied on for relief, bandit suppression, and seawall work · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 23

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 161; Draft History of Qing 399, passage 148

References in the histories

Search passages

History

20 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 385Volume 385 Biographies 172: Du Shoutian Son: Han, Qi Junzao Son: Shi Zhang, Weng Xincun, Peng Yunzhang · 2 passages

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三年，江寧陷，心存疏陳兵事，請乘賊勢未定，飭向榮渡江，陳金綬進屯浦口，以上海水師溯流沖其前，江忠源、鄧紹良之師掩其後，四路進攻； In 1853, after Nanjing fell, he urged striking before the rebels settled: Xiang Rong across the Yangzi, Chen Jinshou at Pukou, Shanghai ships upstream, Jiang Zhongyuan and Deng Shaoliang from behind—a four-way assault;

又薦湖北按察使江忠源，請畀統帥重任，尋即擢為巡撫。 He recommended Jiang Zhongyuan for high command; he was soon made governor.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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賊犯南昌，孚恩偕芾固守，江忠源援師至，力戰，相持九十餘日，賊始引去。 When rebels attacked Nanchang, Fuen and Fei held the city. Jiang Zhongyuan's relief force arrived and fought hard; after more than ninety days the rebels finally withdrew.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 2 passages

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又調湖南在籍知縣江忠源赴營。 Jiang Zhongyuan, a Hunan county magistrate serving at home on leave, was also called to join the camp.

江忠源破賊於蓑衣渡，斃悍賊馮雲山。 Jiang Zhongyuan routed the rebels at Suoyi Ford and killed the formidable rebel leader Feng Yunshan.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 393Volume 393 Biographies 180: Li Xingyuan, Zhou Tianjue, Lao Chongguang · 1 passage

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元煒通賊內應，廬州陷，江忠源死之。 Yuanwei had colluded with the rebels as an inside agent; Luzhou fell and Jiang Zhongyuan was killed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 396Volume 396 Biographies 183: Wu Wenrong, Pan Duo, Deng Erheng · 4 passages

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秀水令江忠源勤廉稱最，治賑治盜及塘工皆倚辦，以憂去。 The magistrate of Xiushui, Jiang Zhongyuan, was praised as the most diligent and honest official; relief work, bandit suppression, and seawall projects all relied on him, but he left office to observe mourning.

文鎔歎曰：「賢如江令，可令其無以歸葬乎？」 Wenrong sighed and said, "A man as worthy as Magistrate Jiang—can we let him lack the means to return home for burial?"

自支養廉五百兩畀之，奏辦賑功，以忠源首列。 He paid five hundred taels from his integrity stipend and gave them to him; in memorializing relief achievements he listed Zhongyuan first.

江忠源在廣西軍中，文鎔致書曰：「永安賊不滅，若竄湖南，不可製矣！」 Jiang Zhongyuan was serving in the Guangxi army; Wenrong wrote to him, saying, "If the rebels at Yong'an are not destroyed and they flee into Hunan, they cannot be controlled!"

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 399Volume 399 Biographies 186: Lv Xianji, Zou Minghe, Dai Xi, Tang Yifen, Zhang Fei, Huang Cong, Tao Tingjie, Feng Peiyuan, Sun Mingen, Shen Bingyuan, Zhang Xigeng · 2 passages

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芾奏調湖北按察使江忠源來援，甫至而賊船直抵城下，芾率官紳嬰城固守，賊穴道轟城，壞而復完。 Fei memorialized to bring Hubei provincial judge Jiang Zhongyuan to his aid. Jiang had just arrived when rebel boats reached the city walls. Fei led officials and gentry in a desperate defense; the rebels tunneled under the wall and blasted it, but the breach was repaired.

總兵馬濟美戰歿城外，賴江忠源迭戰卻賊，被圍凡三閱月，賊乃東走，由九江趨安徽。 Brigade commander Ma Jimei was killed fighting outside the walls. Thanks to Jiang Zhongyuan's repeated victories, the city held through a three-month siege before the rebels finally fled east through Jiujiang toward Anhui.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 405Volume 405 Biographies 192: Ceng Guofan · 3 passages

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尋疏薦李棠階、吳廷棟、王慶雲、嚴正基、江忠源五人。 Soon afterward he submitted a memorial recommending Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong, Wang Qingyun, Yan Zhengji, and Jiang Zhongyuan.

嘗與嵩燾、忠源論東南形勢多阻水，欲勦賊非治水師不可，乃奏請造戰艦於衡州。 He had discussed with Guo Songtao and Jiang Zhongyuan how the southeast was a country of rivers and that suppressing the rebels required a navy; he memorialized to build warships at Hengzhou.

忠源戰歿廬州，吳文鎔督師黃州亦敗死。 Jiang Zhongyuan fell in battle at Luzhou, and Wu Wenrong, commanding at Huangzhou, was likewise defeated and killed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage

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如烏蘭泰、塔齊布、江忠源皆難得之將，而多不盡其用，且以死殉。 Generals like Ulanga, Taqibu, and Jiang Zhongyuan were irreplaceable, yet the court often failed to use them fully, and they died in the field.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 429Volume 429 Biographies 216: Jiang Zhongyi, Zhou Kuanshi, Shi Qingji, Yu Jichang, Lin Wencha, Zhao Deguang, Zhang Wende · 4 passages

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江忠義，字味根，湖南新寧人，忠源從弟。 Jiang Zhongyi, styled Weigen, came from Xinning in Hunan and was a younger cousin of Jiang Zhongyuan.

咸豐二年，忠源率楚勇援長沙，忠義年十八，從軍，轉戰湖北、江西。 In 1852, when Zhongyuan led Hunan volunteers to the relief of Changsha, the eighteen-year-old Zhongyi took the field with him and campaigned through Hubei and Jiangxi.

忠源殉難廬州，遂分將其軍。 After Zhongyuan fell at Luzhou, he took over part of the army.

論曰：江忠源諸弟並從治軍，忠義最為傑出，將大用而早沒，時論惜之。 The historian remarks: Jiang Zhongyuan's brothers all took up arms under him, and Zhongyi stood out for loyalty and courage; he was on the verge of high appointment when he died young, to the regret of his contemporaries.