Huang Zonghan (黃宗漢)

Overview

Huang Zonghan was an official and Governor-General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Shouchen	壽臣	Shouchen

Life and dates

Death

AD 1864 同治三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 190

Attested activity

AD 1861 十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 387, passages 32, 105
AD 1864 同治三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 190
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 142
AD 1859 咸豐九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passages 150-151; Draft History of Qing 394, passage 177
AD 1852 咸豐二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 139
AD 1855 咸豐五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 153

Show 7 more source-backed claims

AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 162
AD 1856 咸豐六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 155
AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 182
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 179
AD 1854 咸豐四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 148
AD 1845 道光二十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 137
AD 1835 道光十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 134

Key source chapters

Career and standing

governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi 兩廣總督
AD 1857 咸豐七年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 157
governor of Zhejiang 浙江巡撫
AD 1852 咸豐二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 139
governor-general of Sichuan 四川總督
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 149
imperial plaque Loyal Diligent Upright Straight 御書忠勤正直扁額
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 148
stripped of office forever barred 革職永不敘用
AD 1861 咸豐十一年 · Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 188

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 105; Draft History of Qing 394, passage 134
At Jinjiang, Fujian 福建晉江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 133

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1835 道光十五年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 134

Events and relationships

Blocked return to capital
AD 1861 咸豐十一年 · Political · Obstructor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passages 184-185
Relation Associate of · Person Zaiyuan (載垣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 181
Relation Associate of · Person Sushun (肅順)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 181
Relation Associate of · Person Duanhua (端華)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 181

Assessments and attributes

Assessment vacillation and clinging to powerful favorites · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 196

References in the histories

Search passages

History

24 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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肅順等既敗，少詹事許彭壽疏請治黨援，論形跡最著莫如孚恩，最密莫如侍郎劉昆、黃宗漢，平日所薦舉者，則有侍郎成琦、太僕寺少卿德克津太、候補京堂富績等，於是諸臣盡黜。 After Sushun's fall, Junior Mentor Xu Pengshou memorialized to punish their clique. He named Fuen the most conspicuous associate, Liu Kun and Huang Zonghan the closest confidants, and among Fuen's usual recommendations Cheng Qi, Deke Jintai, and Fuji; all were dismissed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 393Volume 393 Biographies 180: Li Xingyuan, Zhou Tianjue, Lao Chongguang · 1 passage

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英軍猶踞省城，前任總督黃宗漢、巡撫耆齡等，皆駐外縣不敢入。 British forces still held the provincial capital; former governor-general Huang Zonghan, governor Qiling, and others all stayed in outer counties and dared not enter.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 22 passages

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徐廣縉葉名琛黃宗漢 Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, and Huang Zonghan

黃宗漢，字壽臣，福建晉江人。 Huang Zonghan, whose courtesy name was Shouchen, came from Jinjiang in Fujian Province.

咸豐初，巡撫吳文鎔薦宗漢可重用，遷甘肅布政使。 Early in Xianfeng, Governor Wu Wenrong recommended Zonghan for higher responsibility, and he was appointed provincial treasurer of Gansu.

宗漢疏請原米隨新漕運京，允之。 Zonghan memorialized that the stranded grain should be forwarded to Beijing with the new tribute shipment, and the court agreed.

江寧尋陷，宗漢赴嘉興、湖州籌防，疏言不可僅於本境畫疆而守。 Nanjing soon fell; Zonghan went to Jiaxing and Huzhou to organize defenses and argued in a memorial that Zhejiang could not simply defend its own borders.

時江南大營需餉甚鉅，宗漢貽書向榮，通盤籌算，請於江蘇、浙江、江西三省確定每月額數。 The great Jiangnan camp needed vast supplies; Zonghan wrote to Xiang Rong with a comprehensive plan to fix monthly quotas from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi.

四年，特詔褒宗漢辦理防務、海運，及本境治匪、察吏，精詳無瞻顧，深堪嘉尚，特賜御書「忠勤正直」扁額，勉其慎終如始，以成一代良臣。 In the fourth year (1854) a special edict praised Zonghan for his defense work, sea transport, suppression of bandits, and inspection of officials—praising his thoroughness and courage—and granted him an imperial plaque inscribed "Loyal, diligent, upright, and straight," urging him to finish as he had begun and become a minister worthy of his age.

給事中張修育疏言：「宗漢治浙，佈置合宜，未可更易。」 Supervising Secretary Zhang Xiuyu memorialized: "Zonghan's administration of Zhejiang is soundly arranged and he should not be moved."

六年，復因久無奏報，命將軍樂斌查奏，以痰疾聞，下部議降調，命來京另候簡用。 In the sixth year (1856), again for long silence in reporting, General Leqin was ordered to investigate; Zonghan cited phlegm illness; the ministry proposed demotion; he was recalled to Beijing to await a new appointment.

廣東軍事起，葉名琛被擄，授宗漢兩廣總督，兼通商大臣。 When war broke out in Guangdong and Ye Mingchen was taken prisoner, Zonghan was appointed governor-general of the two Guang provinces and superintendent of foreign trade.

詔仍回廣東候宗漢查辦，而英、俄兩國兵船已泊吳淞。 An edict ordered the envoys back to Guangdong to await Zonghan's investigation, but British and Russian warships were already at Wusong.

宗漢過江蘇，總督何桂清堅留在上海開議，宗漢不可，遽去； Zonghan passed through Jiangsu; Governor He Guiqing pressed him to stay in Shanghai for negotiations, but Zonghan refused and hurried on;

宗漢駐惠州，惟恃聯絡民團，出示空言激勵，為英人所禁格，不能遍及。 Zonghan stayed at Huizhou, relying only on links with local militia and empty proclamations to rouse them; the British blocked such messages from circulating widely.

宗漢外怵強敵，內畏民嵒，不能有所措施。 Zonghan feared the foreign enemy abroad and popular fury at home, and could devise no effective policy.

泊大學士桂良等至上海議稅則及換約事宜，將與商交還廣州，向宗漢詢近狀，輒不答。 When Grand Secretary Guiliang reached Shanghai to negotiate tariffs and treaty revision and to discuss the return of Canton, he asked Zonghan for reports on the situation, but Zonghan would not reply.

而英人以既議和，民團復相仇殺，來相詰問，且揭團紳告示載諭旨有異，必欲去宗漢及三團紳。 The British, noting that fighting continued among militia even after peace talks, pressed for explanations and produced militia proclamations bearing edicts that did not match the court's texts, demanding the removal of Zonghan and the three militia leaders.

桂良等疏聞，詔責宗漢捕偽造諭旨之人，罷其通商大臣，改授何桂清。 Guiliang reported to the throne; an edict ordered Zonghan to arrest those who forged imperial edicts, stripped him of the trade superintendency, and gave the post to He Guiqing.

尋調宗漢四川總督，召至京，改以侍郎候補。 He was soon transferred to Sichuan as governor-general, recalled to Beijing, and reduced to await appointment as a vice minister.

宗漢與載垣、端華、肅順等交結。 Zonghan was allied with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sushun, and their faction.

少詹事許彭壽疏劾宗漢與陳孚恩、劉昆並黨肅順等，踪跡最密。 Junior Mentor Xu Pengshou impeached Zonghan along with Chen Fu'en and Liu Kun as close associates of Sushun's faction.

詔曰：「黃宗漢本年春赴熱河，危詞力阻回鑾。 An edict declared: "Huang Zonghan went to Rehe this spring and used alarmist language to block the emperor's return to Beijing.

黃宗漢依違貽誤，終以依附權要被譴。 Huang Zonghan's vacillation caused harm, and in the end he was punished for siding with the ruling clique.