Duanhua (端華) | 24 Histories

Overview

Duanhua was a Royal Family Member.

PeriodQing

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Life and dates

Death

granted suicide 賜自盡
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 43

Attested activity

AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 45
AD 1861 十一年七月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 32
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 389, passage 28
AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 389, passage 39
AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 181
AD 1860 咸豐間
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 78

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AD 1855 to AD 1856 端華、肅順漸進用事
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 43

Family

Sibling of Sushun (肅順)
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 8

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 45; Draft History of Qing 387, passage 8

Assessments and attributes

Assessment respected and feared Wen Qing's stern integrity · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 43

References in the histories

Search passages

History

16 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 385Volume 385 Biographies 172: Du Shoutian Son: Han, Qi Junzao Son: Shi Zhang, Weng Xincun, Peng Yunzhang · 1 passage

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御史董元醇疏請兩宮皇太后垂簾聽政，載垣、端華、肅順等持不可，翰附之，抗言甚力，遂黜元醇議。 Censor Dong Yuanchun asked that the two empress dowagers rule from behind a screen; Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sushun, and their party objected; Han sided with them and argued fiercely, and Dong's proposal was set aside.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 386Volume 386 Biographies 173: Wen Qing, Wen Xiang, Bao Yun · 1 passage

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端華、肅順漸進用事，皆敬憚其嚴正焉。 When Duanhua and Suishun gradually gained power, both respected and feared his stern integrity.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 9 passages

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肅順恃恩眷，其兄鄭親王端華及怡親王載垣相為附和，擠排異己，廷臣咸側目。 Sushun relied on the emperor's favor; his elder brother Prince Zheng Duanhua and Prince Yi Zaiyuan backed one another, squeezed out opponents, and officials in court watched them with unease.

十一年七月，上疾大漸，召肅順及御前大臣載垣、端華、景壽，軍機大臣穆廕、匡源、杜翰、焦祐瀛入見，受顧命，上已不能禦硃筆，諸臣承寫焉。 In the seventh month of 1861 the emperor's illness turned grave. Sushun, the imperial chamberlains Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Jingshou, and the grand councilors Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Du Han, and Jiao Youying were called in to receive his deathbed charge. He could no longer hold the vermilion brush himself, and the ministers wrote at his dictation.

肅順等梗其議，擬旨駁斥，非兩宮意，抑不下，載垣、端華等負氣不視事。 Sushun and his party obstructed the proposal and drafted a rejecting edict that did not reflect the two palaces' intent, yet they still withheld it; Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and others in a fit of pique refused to conduct affairs.

九月，車駕還京，至即宣示肅順、載垣、端華等不法狀，下王大臣議罪。 In the ninth month the court returned to Beijing; on arrival the unlawful conduct of Sushun, Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and the rest was announced and referred to the princes and grand ministers for judgment.

下宗人府獄，見載垣、端華已先在，叱曰：「早從吾言，何至今日？」 Thrown into the Imperial Clan Court prison, he found Zaiyuan and Duanhua already there and shouted at them: "Had you listened to me sooner, how would you have come to this?"

詔謂：「擅政阻皇太后垂簾，三人同罪，而肅順擅坐御位，進內廷出入自由，擅用行宮御用器物，傳收應用物件，抗違不遵，並自請分見兩宮皇太后，詞氣抑揚，意在構釁，其悖逆狂謬，較載垣、端華罪尤重。」 The edict declared: "In usurping power and blocking the empress dowager from ruling behind the curtain the three were alike guilty; yet Sushun had presumptuously sat on the imperial seat, come and gone freely in the inner court, used objects reserved for the traveling palace, collected supplies due the court yet defied orders, and even asked to see the two empress dowagers separately with a tone meant to provoke—his treason and frenzy outweighed even Zaiyuan and Duanhua's crimes."

賜載垣、端華自盡，斬肅順於市。 Zaiyuan and Duanhua were granted suicide; Sushun was beheaded in public.

十月，肅順、載垣、端華等伏法，穆廕與匡源、杜翰、焦祐瀛並罷直軍機，議罪。 In the tenth month, after Sushun, Zaiyuan, and Duanhua were executed, Mu Yin with Kuang Yuan, Du Han, and Jiao Youying were all dismissed from the Grand Council and brought to trial.

初，孚恩以議禮忤載垣、端華、肅順等，及再起，乃暱附諸人冀固位。 Fuen had first clashed with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun over court ritual; when he returned to office he courted them in hopes of holding his place.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 389Volume 389 Biographies 176: Bai Jun, Lin Kui, Rui Chang, Quan Qing · 3 passages

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柏葰素持正，自登樞府，與載垣、端華、肅順等不協。 Baizhan had long been known for integrity; once he joined the Grand Council he fell out with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sushun, and their faction.

惟載垣、端華、肅順等因律無僅關囑託明文，比賄買關節之例，擬以斬決。 But Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun, finding no statute that covered entreaties alone, applied the precedent for buying examination favor and proposed execution—

和議成，赴行在，籥請回鑾，為載垣、端華、肅順等所阻。 After peace was made he went to the temporary court and urged the emperor's return, but Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun blocked him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 1 passage

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宗漢與載垣、端華、肅順等交結。 Zonghan was allied with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sushun, and their faction.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage

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與鄭親王端華等議不合，耕云抗辯痛哭而罷。 He clashed with Prince Zheng Duanhua and the peace party, argued fiercely, wept, and the council adjourned without agreement.