Han Xin (韓信) | 24 Histories

Overview

Han Xin was a Han general, strategist, and King of Chu.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	Huaiyin	淮陰

Life and dates

Death

BC 196 十一年
Authority Empress Lü (呂后)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 91, passage 100
BC 196 呂后用何計誅信。
Executed · Authority Empress Lü (呂后)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 48, passage 73
BC 196 漢十一年
Execution · Authority Empress Lü (呂后)
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 48, passages 72-74; Records of the Grand Historian 53, passage 61
BC 196 to BC 196 卒潤鑊伏質，亨醢分裂
Boiled exposed dismembered
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 125
十一年春正月
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 239
destroyed
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 54, passage 148

Attested activity

early Han
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 53, passage 14
legendary antiquity
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 64
BC 206 to BC 196 Han campaigns through execution
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 48, passage 27
BC 205 to BC 202 Han campaigns
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 48, passage 199
BC 203 其明年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 103, 105
BC 208 to BC 196 勇如信、布
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 117, passage 125

Show 35 more source-backed claims

BC 196 十一年
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 91, passage 100
BC 205 to BC 203 因舉燕、代、齊、趙
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
BC 196 往年殺韓信
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 36, passage 46
BC 205 昔成安君不守井陘之關，終屈于韓信；
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 167
BC 230 to BC 196 楚漢之際
Directly stated · Book of Chen 19, passage 133
BC 206 to BC 196 楚漢之際韓信事漢王
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 165-166
BC 206 to BC 196 淮陰
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 35, passage 200
BC 206 to BC 196 淮陰之授
Directly stated · Book of Song 70, passage 60
BC 204 to BC 196 淮陰侯至楚王信
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 98, passages 9, 47
BC 204 漢三年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
BC 201 漢六年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 109, 137
BC 201 漢六年春
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 51, passage 10
BC 196 漢十一年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 53, passage 61
BC 203 漢四年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 44, passage 1; Records of the Grand Historian 51, passage 3; Records of the Grand Historian 55, passages 163-164
BC 204 to BC 202 漢將韓信引兵且東擊齊
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passages 54, 66
BC 206 to BC 196 漢楚之際至高祖朝
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 117, passages 142, 148, 150
BC 203 漢王敗成皋
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 44, passage 1
BC 205 to BC 202 漢王遣韓信擊虜豹…齊王信
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passages 29, 70
BC 204 漢破趙井陘
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 41, passage 164
BC 202 to BC 195 漢興
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 101, passage 130
BC 196 漢興之初
Directly stated · Book of Han 25, passages 308, 312
BC 202 然卒破楚者
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 109
BC 205 至彭城
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 105
BC 205 與韓信東攻魏
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 54, passage 55
BC 206 to BC 196 蕭何、曹參、韓信
Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 101
BC 206 to BC 196 設壇而拜
Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 30, passage 233
BC 204 酈生下齊、淮陰侯襲齊
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 74
BC 205 陳平、韓信之去項羽
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 128
BC 206 to BC 196 韓信（漢初功臣）
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 35, passage 57
BC 206 韓信初見高祖
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58
BC 202 韓信徙為楚王
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 54, passage 71
BC 203 韓信為齊王
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 54, passage 70
BC 203 韓信破齊於高密
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 42, passage 89
BC 201 高祖六年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 50, passage 10
BC 206 to BC 196 黥、韓
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 39, passage 203

Key source chapters

Career and standing

general of the King of Han 漢王之將
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 105
general 將
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 163; Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 120; Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
general 將
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Ming 57, passage 27
supreme general 大將軍
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Han 48, passage 27; Records of the Grand Historian 53, passage 14
楚王
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 31
齊王
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 1

Show 19 more source-backed claims

Han general 漢將
Directly stated · Book of Han 42, passage 82
King of Qi 齊王
BC 203 其明年 · Assumed
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 103
Marquis of Huaiyin 淮陰侯
BC 201 漢六年 · Granted
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 137
King of Chu 楚王
Held
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 51, passage 10; Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 109
Marquis of Huaiyin 淮陰侯
Held
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 103; Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 74
King of Qi 齊王
BC 203 漢四年 · Received seal
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 164
Acting King of Qi 齊假王
Requested and granted
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 66
King of Qi 齊王
BC 203 漢四年 · Sought
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 163
淮陰侯
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 122
Captured
BC 201 高祖六年 · Captivity · At Chen 陳
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 50, passage 10
Entered
BC 201 漢六年春 · Imprisoned
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 51, passage 10
Reduced from king to marquis
BC 201 漢六年 · Demoted
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 137
accusation of rebellion 告反
BC 201 漢六年 · Accused
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 109
seizure and binding 執縛
BC 201 漢六年 · Arrested · Authority Emperor Gaozu (高帝)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 131, 135
pardon 赦
BC 201 漢六年 · Pardoned · Authority Emperor Gaozu (高帝) · At Luoyang 雒陽
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 137
extermination of three clans / complete five punishments 夷三族／具五刑
BC 196 漢興之初 · Execution · Suffered
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 25, passages 308, 311-312
King of Qi 齊王
BC 203 其明年
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 103, 105
King of Qi 齊王
BC 202 齊王信之立
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passage 70
因執之
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 109

Places and affiliations

BC 203 其明年
Polity Qi 齊 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 103, 105
BC 204 漢三年
Polity Han 漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
Han 漢
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Han 25, passage 312
Polity Chu 楚 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 51, passage 10; Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 109
Polity Han 漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 163; Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 103; Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 74
Polity Han 漢 · Relation Subject of
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passages 109, 137

Show 10 more source-backed claims

Polity Western Han 漢 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 165
Polity Western Han 漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58
Polity Western Han 西漢 · Relation Associated
Strongly inferred · Records of the Three Kingdoms 39, passage 203
Polity Western Han 西漢 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 30, passage 233
BC 204 漢三年
At Jingxing 井陘 · Relation Fought at
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
BC 204 漢三年
At Wei 魏 · Relation Pacified
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
At Dai 代 · Relation Conquered
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
At Qi 齊 · Relation Conquered
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
At Yan 燕 · Relation Conquered
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
At Zhao 趙 · Relation Conquered
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108

Works and attributed material

韓信申軍法
Directly stated · Book of Han 2, passage 364
account of the Marquis of Huaiyin 淮陰事
Relation Subject of
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 164
account of the Marquis of Huaiyin 淮陰侯事
Relation Subject of
Directly stated · Book of Han 48, passages 28, 72-74; Records of the Grand Historian 53, passages 15, 61
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressed to Emperor Gaozu (高帝)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 132
Saying · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Han Xin (韓信) Witness Person Id the Founder (太祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 165
called Gaozu's rise Heaven's gift, not human power
Speech · Speaker · With Gaozu (高祖) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 148

Events and relationships

Accused of plotting rebellion
BC 201 漢六年 · Political · Accused
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 109
Altar investiture allusion
Ritual · Exemplar
Directly stated · Book of Song 70, passage 60
Attacked
Military · Commander · With King Bao of Wei (魏王豹)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
Attacked
Military · Commander · With Lord of Cheng'an (成安君) · With Person Id Zhang Er (張耳)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 54, passage 61
Came out to meet the emperor
BC 201 漢六年 · Political · Welcomer
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 130
Captured
BC 205 於是漢王遣韓信擊虜豹於河東 · Military · Commander · With Wei Bao (魏豹) · At Hedong 河東
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 90, passage 29

Show 28 more source-backed claims

Conquered Qi and proclaimed himself King of Qi, then sent envoys to inform the King of Han
BC 203 其明年 · Military · Commander · With King of Han (漢王) · At Qi 齊
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 103
Conquered
BC 205 to BC 203 因舉燕、代、齊、趙 · Military · Commander · At Yan, Dai, Qi, and Zhao 燕、代、齊、趙
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 108
Defeated Zhao at Jingxing with Zhang Er
Military · Commander · With Zhang Er (張耳)
Directly stated · Book of Han 41, passage 164
Defeated Chengan Jun
Military · Victor · With Chen Yu (陳餘) · Date BC 205
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 167
Defeated Zhao at Jingxing
BC 204 漢三年 · Military · Commander · With Zhang Er (張耳)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
Defeated
BC 203 漢四年 · Military · Commander · At Qi 齊
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 163
received the complete five punishments 受具五刑之誅
BC 196 漢興之初 · Legal · Victim · Executed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Han 25, passage 312
First audience
BC 206 韓信初見高祖 · Political · Strategist · With Emperor Gaozu of Han (高祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58
Helped break Chu
Military · Commander · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 109
Invested as general at altar
Military · Appointee · With Xiao He (蕭何)
Directly stated · Book of Later Han 30, passage 233
Killed Long Ju captured King Guang
Military · Commander · With Long Ju (龍且)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 60
Led the campaigns against Wei, Zhao, and Qi with Cao Shen
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Han 48, passages 199, 204-205, 208, 211
Left Xiang Yu with a declared break
BC 205 陳平、韓信之去項羽 · Political · Defector · With Xiang Yu (項羽)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 128
Mapped chu han contest
BC 206 韓信初見高祖 · Military · Planner · With Emperor Gaozu of Han (高祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58
Night crossing and surprise attack
BC 204 酈生下齊、淮陰侯襲齊 · Military · Commander · At Pingyuan 平原 · With Tian Guang (田廣)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 74
Persuaded the King of Han to authorize the eastern campaign against the Three Qin
Political · Strategist · With Liu Bang (劉邦)
Directly stated · Book of Han 48, passage 27
Plotted rebellion in Guanzhong
BC 196 漢十一年 · Rebellion · Conspirator
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 53, passage 61
Seized power briefly then perished
Political · Usurper strongman
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 125
Stood in side halls
AD 1207 泰和七年 · Ritual · Attendant
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 57
Surprise attack on Lixia entered Linzi
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 56
Was formally installed as King of Qi by Zhang Liang on the King of Han's orders
Political · Subject · With Zhang Liang (張良)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 105
Was made King of Qi and then transferred as King of Chu
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Han 48, passages 214-215
Relation Advised by · Person Kuai Tong (蒯通)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 94, passage 56
Relation Campaign colleague of · Person Zhang Er (張耳)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 89, passage 202
Relation Appointed by · Person Emperor Gaozu of Han (漢高)
Directly stated · History of Ming 57, passage 27
Relation General of · Person King of Han (漢王)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 105
Relation Strategist of · Person Emperor Gaozu of Han (高祖)
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58
Relation Served · Person King of Han (漢王) · Mode quotation Speaker Han Xin (韓信)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 165

Assessments and attributes

Assessment alone can be trusted with great undertakings and an independent front · Mode named-person-speech Speaker Zhang Liang (張良)
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 105
Assessment covetous glance at the divine vessel · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Han 117, passage 150
Assessment hard-to-control exemplar used as negative comparison · Mode quotation Speaker Dong Hui (董恢)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 39, passage 203
Assessment one of the three whose strength ultimately broke Chu · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 109
Assessment truly a loyal and valiant man · Mode speech Speaker the Founder (太祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 166
Item royal seal of Qi 齊王印 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 55, passage 164

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 39, passage 203; Records of the Grand Historian 50, passage 10; Records of the Grand Historian 55, passages 105, 163; Records of the Grand Historian 56, passage 109; Records of the Grand Historian 97, passage 74
Value historical
Directly stated · History of Ming 135, passage 58

References in the histories

Search passages

History

135 passages

Book of Chen, Chapter 19Volume 19: Shen Jiong; Yu Li; Ma Shu · 2 passages

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又嘗令左右誦漢書，臥而聽之，至蒯通說韓信曰「相君之背，貴不可言」，寶應蹶然起曰「可謂智士」。 He once had his attendants read the Book of Han aloud while he listened from his couch. When they reached Kuai Tong's advice to Han Xin—"If you turn your back on Han, your rank will be beyond words"—Baoying sprang up and exclaimed, "A truly wise man!"

寄正色曰：「覆酈驕韓，未足稱智； Ji answered sternly: "A man whose schemes destroyed Li Yiji and filled Han Xin with arrogance hardly deserves to be called wise.

Book of Chen, Chapter 35Volume 35: Xiong Tanlang; Zhou Di; Liu Yi; Chen Baoying · 1 passage

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其黨主帥，雖有請泥函谷，相背淮陰，若能翻然改圖，因機立效，非止肆眚， Their chiefs, though some clung to Hangu or turned like Huaiyin, if they change course and win merit at once will not only be pardoned,

Book of Han, Chapter 1Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 1 · 20 passages

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韓信為治粟都尉，亦亡去，蕭何追還之，因薦於漢王，曰：「 Han Xin was Commandant for Grain Supply, but he too deserted. Xiao He pursued him, brought him back, and then recommended him to the King of Han, saying: "

必欲爭天下，非信無可與計事者。」 If you truly wish to contend for the world, there is no one but Xin with whom you can plan affairs."

於是漢王齊戒設壇場，拜信為大將軍，問以計策。 So King Han purified himself and set up an altar platform, appointing Xin as grand general and asking him for strategies.

信對曰：「項羽背約而王君王於南鄭，是遷也。 Xin replied: "Xiang Yu broke the agreement and enfeoffed you as king in Nanzheng. This was banishment.

漢王大說，遂聽信策，部署諸將。 King Han was greatly pleased and followed Xin's strategy, deploying the various generals.

韓信亦收兵與漢王會，兵復大振。 Han Xin also gathered troops and joined King Han. The army was greatly strengthened again.

漢王以韓信為左丞相，與曹參、灌嬰俱擊魏。 King Han appointed Han Xin as left chancellor, and together with Cao Shen and Guan Ying attacked Wei.

王曰：「是口尚乳臭，不能當韓信。 The king said: "He's still wet behind the ears. He cannot stand up to Han Xin.

九月，信等虜豹，傳詣滎陽。 In the ninth month, Xin and others captured Bao and sent him to Xingyang.

信使人請兵三萬人，願以北舉燕趙，東擊齊，南絕楚糧道。 Han Xin sent someone to request thirty thousand troops, saying he wished to move north against Yan and Zhao, east against Qi, and south to cut off Chu's supply routes.

三年冬十月，韓信、張耳東下井陘擊趙，斬陳餘，獲趙王歇。 In winter, in the tenth month of the third year, Han Xin and Zhang Er advanced east through Jingxing to attack Zhao, killed Chen Yu, and captured Xie, King of Zhao.

使韓信等得輯河北趙地，連燕齊，君王乃復走滎陽。 Let Han Xin and the others consolidate Zhao territory north of the Yellow River and link up with Yan and Qi. Your Majesty can then return to Xingyang.

自稱使者，晨馳入張耳、韓信壁，而奪之軍。 He called himself an envoy and at dawn galloped into Zhang Er and Han Xin's encampment, seizing command of their army.

漢王得韓信軍，復大振。 King Han got Han Xin's army and was greatly strengthened again.

四年冬十月，韓信用蒯通計，襲破齊。 In the tenth month of winter in the fourth year, Han Xin used Kuai Tong's plan and attacked, breaking Qi.

項羽聞韓信破齊，且欲擊楚，使龍且救齊。 Xiang Yu heard that Han Xin had broken Qi and was about to attack Chu, so he sent Long Ju to rescue Qi.

十一月，韓信與灌嬰擊破楚軍，殺楚將龍且，追至城陽，虜齊王廣。 In the eleventh month, Han Xin and Guan Ying attacked and defeated the Chu army, killed the Chu general Long Ju, pursued as far as Chengyang, and captured Tian Guang, King of Qi.

韓信已破齊，使人言曰：「齊邊楚，權輕，不為假王，恐不能安齊。」 Han Xin had already defeated Qi and sent someone to say: "Qi borders Chu and my authority is slight. If I am not made acting king, I fear I cannot pacify Qi."

春二月，遣張良操印，立韓信為齊王。 In the second month of spring, he sent Zhang Liang carrying the seal to establish Han Xin as King of Qi.

項羽自知少助食盡，韓信又進兵擊楚，羽患之。 Xiang Yu knew that he had few allies and that his food was exhausted. Han Xin was again advancing troops to attack Chu, and Xiang Yu was troubled by this.

Book of Han, Chapter 2Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 2 · 15 passages

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五年冬十月，漢王追項羽至陽夏南止軍，與齊王信、魏相國越期會擊楚，至固陵，不會。 In the tenth month, winter, of the fifth year, the King of Han pursued Xiang Yu and halted his army south of Yangxia. He had arranged to meet King Xin of Qi and Yue, the Chancellor of Wei, to join forces in attacking Chu, but when he reached Guling, they did not arrive.

齊王信之立，非君王意，信亦不自堅。 King Qi Xin's establishment was not your majesty's intention, and Xin himself is not firm.

今能取睢陽以北至穀城皆以王彭越，從陳以東傅海與齊王信，信家在楚，其意欲復得故邑。 Now if you can take everything from Suiyang north to Gucheng and use it to make Peng Yue king, and give everything from Chen east to the sea to King Xin of Qi, Xin's family is in Chu, and he wishes to recover his former territory.

於是漢王發使使韓信、彭越。 So King Han sent envoys to Han Xin and Peng Yue.

漢王還至定陶，馳入齊王信壁，奪其軍。 King Han returned to Dingtao and galloped into King Qi Xin's encampment, seizing his army.

齊王信習楚風俗，更立為楚王，王淮北，都下邳。 King Qi Xin was accustomed to Chu customs, so he re-established him as King of Chu, ruling north of the Huai, capital at Xiapi.

於是諸侯上疏曰：「楚王韓信、韓王信、淮南王英布、梁王彭越、故衡山王吳芮、趙王張敖、燕王臧荼昧死再拜言，大王陛下：先時秦為亡道，天下誅之。 So the feudal lords submitted a memorial: "Han Xin, King of Chu; Xin, King of Han; Ying Bu, King of Huainan; Peng Yue, King of Liang; Wu Rui, former King of Hengshan; Zhang Ao, King of Zhao; and Zang Tu, King of Yan, risking death, bow twice and say: Great King, Your Majesty, formerly Qin acted without the Way, and the world punished it.

連百萬之眾，戰必勝，攻必取，吾不如韓信。 Commanding a million troops, fighting must win, attacking must take - I am not equal to Han Xin.

人告楚王信謀反，上問左右，左右爭欲擊之。 Someone informed that King Chu Han Xin was plotting rebellion. The emperor asked his attendants. The attendants all wished to attack him.

十二月，會諸侯于陳，楚王信迎謁，因執之。 In the twelfth month, he assembled the feudal lords at Chen. King Chu Xin came to greet him, and he arrested him.

田肯賀上曰：「甚善，陛下得韓信，又治秦中。 Tian Ken congratulated the emperor: "Very good. Your Majesty has obtained Han Xin and also governs Qinzhong.

上還至雒陽，赦韓信，封為淮陰侯。 The emperor returned to Luoyang, pardoned Han Xin, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Huaiyin.

八年冬，上東擊韓信餘寇於東垣。 In the winter of the eighth year, the emperor went east to attack the remaining bandits of Han Xin at Dongyuan.

春正月，淮陰侯韓信謀反長安，夷三族。 In the first month of spring, Marquis of Huaiyin Han Xin plotted rebellion at Chang'an and his three clans were exterminated.

天下既定，命蕭何次律令，韓信申軍法，張蒼定章程，叔孫通制禮儀，陸賈造新語。 After the world was settled, he commanded Xiao He to arrange the statutes and commands, Han Xin to explain military law, Zhang Cang to establish procedures, Shusun Tong to create rituals and ceremonies, Lu Jia to compose new discourses.

Book of Han, Chapter 25Volume 23: Treatise on Punishment and Law · 1 passage

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彭越、韓信之屬皆受此誅。 Peng Yue, Han Xin, and their kind all received this execution.

Book of Han, Chapter 41Volume 32: Zhang Er and Chen Yu · 1 passage

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漢遣耳與韓信擊破趙井陘，斬餘泜水上，追殺趙王歇襄國。 Han sent Zhang Er and Han Xin against Zhao. They defeated Zhao at Jingxing, killed Chen Yu by the Zhi River, and pursued King Xie to Xiangguo, where they put him to death.

Book of Han, Chapter 42Volume 33: Wei Bao, Tian Dan and Hán Xin (King of Han) · 5 passages

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漢王遣韓信擊豹，遂虜之，傳豹詣滎陽，以其地為河東、太原、上黨郡。 The King of Han sent Han Xin to attack Wei Bao. Han Xin captured him and conveyed him to Xingyang, while his territory was made into the commanderies of Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang.

定齊三年，聞漢將韓信引兵且東擊齊，齊使華毋傷、田解軍歷下以距漢。 Three years after Qi had been settled, they heard that the Han general Han Xin was leading troops east to attack Qi. Qi therefore sent Hua Wushang and Tian Jie to encamp at Lixia and resist Han.

韓信乃渡平原，襲破齊歷下軍，因入臨菑。 Han Xin then crossed from Pingyuan, launched a surprise attack, smashed the Qi army at Lixia, and entered Linzi.

漢將韓信、曹參破殺龍且，虜齊王廣。 Han generals Han Xin and Cao Shen defeated and killed Long Ju and captured King Guang of Qi.

韓信已殺龍且，因進兵破殺田既於膠東，灌嬰破殺齊將田吸於千乘，遂平齊地。 After Han Xin had killed Long Ju, he advanced and defeated and killed Tian Ji in Jiaodong. Guan Ying also defeated and killed the Qi general Tian Xi at Qiancheng, and Qi territory was thereby pacified.

Book of Han, Chapter 44Volume 35: Princes of Jing, Yan and Wu · 1 passage

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漢王敗成皋，北度河，得張耳、韓信軍，軍脩武，深溝高壘，使賈將二萬人，騎數百，擊楚，度白馬津入楚地，燒其積聚，以破其業，無以給項王軍食。 After his defeat at Chenggao, the King of Han withdrew north across the river and joined the forces of Zhang Er and Han Xin. They made camp at Xiuwu behind deep moats and high walls. He dispatched Liu Jia with twenty thousand foot soldiers and several hundred cavalry to hit Chu from the flank. Liu Jia crossed the Baima Ford into Chu lands and torched their depots, shattering their logistics so that King Xiang’s troops went hungry.

Book of Han, Chapter 48Volume 39: Xiao He and Cao Shen · 16 passages

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何進韓信，漢王以為大將軍，說漢王令引兵東定三秦。 Xiao He recommended Han Xin, whom the King of Han named grand general. Han Xin then persuaded the king to let him lead the army east and conquer the Three Qin.

語在信傳。 The full story is told in the biography of Han Xin.

而韓信謀反關中。 Meanwhile Han Xin plotted revolt inside Guanzhong.

呂后用何計誅信。 Empress Lü used Xiao He’s stratagem to put Han Xin to death.

語在信傳。 The details are recorded in Han Xin’s biography.

上已聞誅信，使使拜丞相為相國，益封五千戶，令卒五百人一都尉為相國衛。 Learning of Han Xin's death, he promoted Xiao He to minister of state, added five thousand households to his fief, and assigned him a guard of five hundred soldiers under a commandant.

上暴露於外，而君守於內，非被矢石之難，而益君封置衛者，以今者淮陰新反於中，有疑君心。 The Sovereign braves the frontier while you sit in the capital, never dodging arrows or stones, yet he enlarges your fief and stations guards about you—because the Marquis of Huaiyin has just risen inside the passes, he no longer trusts you.

月餘，魏王豹反，以假丞相別與韓信東攻魏將孫速東張，大破之。 A month later King Bao of Wei rebelled; Cao Shen, still acting chancellor, joined Han Xin in a separate column, struck Wei general Sun Su at Dongzhang, and shattered him.

因從韓信擊趙相國夏說軍於鄔東，大破之，斬夏說。 He then followed Han Xin, routed Zhao's chancellor Xia Yue east of Wu, and killed Xia Yue.

韓信與故常山王張耳引兵下井陘，擊成安君陳餘，而令參還圍趙別將戚公於鄔城中。 While Han Xin and Zhang Er drove through Jingxing against Chen Yu, Cao Shen was sent back to bottle up Zhao’s general Qi in Wu.

韓信已破趙，為相國，東擊齊，參以左丞相屬焉。 After Han Xin crushed Zhao he was named chancellor of state and turned east on Qi; Cao Shen served under him as left chancellor.

已而從韓信擊龍且軍於上假密，大破之，斬龍且，虜亞將周蘭。 He next followed Han Xin against Long Ju at Jiami, broke his army, slew Long Ju, and took Zhou Lan, his second-in-command, prisoner.

韓信立為齊王，引兵東詣陳，與漢王共破項羽，而參留平齊未服者。 After Han Xin was made King of Qi he marched east to Chen to help the King of Han destroy Xiang Yu, while Cao Shen stayed to mop up Qi’s holdouts.

漢王即皇帝位，韓信徙為楚王。 When Liu Bang took the throne, Han Xin was moved to the kingship of Chu.

漢興，依日月之末光，何以信謹守管籥，參與韓信俱征伐。 When the Han rose, they caught the founder's reflected glory: Xiao He faithfully guarded the state's keys while Cao Shen campaigned with Han Xin.

淮陰、黥布等已滅，唯何、參擅功名，位冠群臣，聲施後世，為一代之宗臣，慶流曲裔，盛矣哉！ With the Marquis of Huaiyin, Qing Bu, and the others gone, only Xiao He and Cao Shen towered above the ministers. Their names endured as the great ministers of their age, and their good fortune reached even collateral descendants. How splendid!

Book of Han, Chapter 51Volume 42: Zhang, Zhou, Zhao, Ren and Shentu · 1 passage

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從韓信擊趙，蒼得陳餘。 He followed Han Xin against Zhao and took Chen Yu prisoner.

Book of Han, Chapter 101Volume 89: Upright Officials · 1 passage

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韓信雖奇，賴蕭公而後信。 Han Xin was a prodigy, yet he won trust only after Xiao He backed him.

Book of Han, Chapter 117Volume 100a: Afterword and Family History 1 · 4 passages

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故雖遭罹阨會，竊其權柄，勇如信、布，彊如梁、籍，成如王莽，然卒潤鑊伏質，亨醢分裂，又況幺{麻骨}，尚不及數子，而欲闇奸天位者虖！ Though men may seize power in a moment of crisis, even those as brave as Han Xin and Ying Bu, as strong as Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, or as successful as Wang Mang ended boiled in cauldrons, laid on the block, pickled, or torn apart. How much less should petty men beneath them covertly covet the throne?

舉韓信於行陳，收陳平於亡命，英雄陳力，群策畢舉：此高祖之大略，所以成帝業也。 He pulled Han Xin from the ranks, rescued Chen Ping from flight, and let every able man lend strength until the imperial work was done.

故淮陰、留侯謂之天授，非人力也。 Han Xin and Zhang Liang called such things Heaven's investiture, not mortal striving.

英雄誠知覺寤，畏若禍戒，超然遠覽，淵然深識，收陵、嬰之明分，絕信、布之覬覦，距逐鹿之瞽說，審神器之有授，毋貪不可幾，為二母之所咲，則福祚流于子孫，天祿其永終矣。 Had men of ambition truly awakened to these warnings, looked far, and understood deeply; had they heeded the clear judgment shown in the stories of Wang Ling and Chen Ying, abandoned Han Xin and Ying Bu's ambitions, rejected blind talk of chasing the deer, and recognized that the imperial regalia have a destined recipient; had they not grasped at the unattainable and made themselves a laughingstock to those two mothers, then blessings would have flowed to their descendants and Heaven's bounty endured.

Book of Later Han, Chapter 30Volume 27: Biographies of Xuan, Zang, Two Wangs, Du, Guo, Wu, Cheng, Zheng, Zhao · 1 passage

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夫薦賢助國，宰相之職，蕭何舉韓信，設壇而拜，不復考試。 Recommending talent is the chancellor's work: Xiao He raised Han Xin to general on a single ceremony, with no further examination.'

History of Jin, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 16: Rites 8: Consecration of Shrines to a Sages; Temple to the Warrior King Cheng of Zhou; Monarchs of Past Ages; Halls to Various Spirits in Changbai Shan, Dafang Shan, Amur River, Jia Yin Hou; Spirits of the Lu River; Spirits of Zhao Yin Shun; Spirits of Zhen an Gong, Rui Shen Gongl; Worshipping, Sacrifices, Vists, and State Ceremonies at Zhen Xian Jun Wang Temple · 1 passage

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又躋楚王宗雄、宗望、宗弼等侍武成王坐，韓信而下降立於廡。 Prince of Chu Zongxiong, Zongwang, Zongbi, and others were further promoted to attend beside the Martial Accomplished King's seat; from Han Xin downward they stood in the side halls.

Book of Jin, Chapter 128Volume 128 Records 28: Murong Chao · 1 passage

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昔成安君不守井陘之關，終屈于韓信； Anciently Chengan Jun did not guard the barrier of Jingxing and in the end submitted to Han Xin;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Book of Later Liang 23: Biographies 13: Liu Xun, He Gui, Kang Huaiying, Wang Jingren · 2 passages

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夫忠臣事君，有死無二，韓信所謂『漢王載我以車，衣我以衣，食我以食，食人之祿，死人之憂』。 A loyal minister serves unto death—Han Xin said, "The King of Han gave me his carriage, his clothes, and his food; eating a lord's bread, one dies for his lord's troubles."

我每思韓信此言，真忠烈丈夫耳！ I often recall Han Xin's words—truly a loyal and valiant man spoke them!

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 1 passage

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每對鎔自言有將才，孫、吳、韓、白，莫己若也。 He told Rong repeatedly that as a commander he stood with Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Han Xin, and Bai Qi—and that none surpassed him.

History of Ming, Chapter 57Volume 57 Treatises 33: Rites 11 · 1 passage

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漢高命韓信爲將，設壇具禮。 Emperor Gaozu of Han appointed Han Xin as general and established an altar with full ceremony.

History of Ming, Chapter 135Volume 135 Biographies 23: Chen Yu, Ye Dui, Fan Chang, Song Siyan, Guo Jingxiang, Yang Yuangao, Ruan Hongdao, Kong Keren · 1 passage

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韓信初見高祖，畫楚、漢成敗； When Han Xin first met Emperor Gaozu of Han, he mapped out the contest between Chu and Han;

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies 17: Xie Chaozong, Liu Xiang · 1 passage

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永明元年，敬兒誅，超宗謂丹陽尹李安民曰：「往年殺韓信，今年殺彭越，尹欲何計？」 In Yongming year one, when Jing'er was executed, Chaozong told Li Anmin: "Last year Han Xin; this year Peng Yue — what will you do, Governor?"

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 31Volume 31: Book of Shu 1: Biographies of the Two Governor Lius · 1 passage

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劉先之說劉表，退不告絕奔亡，若陳平、韓信之去項羽，而兩端攜貳，為謀不忠，罪之次也。〉〔Liu Xian〕 in counseling Liu Biao, or on retreating failed to announce a clean break before fleeing, as Chen Ping and Han Xin had done when they left Xiang Yu—yet they played both sides; such disloyal scheming is the lesser crime.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 39Volume 39: Book of Shu 9: Biographies of Dong, Liu, Ma, Chen, Dong, and Lü · 1 passage

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恢目禕曰：「可速言儀、延之不協起於私忿耳，而無黥、韓難御之心也。 Dong Hui caught Fei Yi’s eye and whispered: "Say plainly that Yang Yi and Wei Yan feud out of private spite—not out of some Ying Bu or Han Xin treachery.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 50House of Prince Yuan of Chu · 1 passage