Overview
Emperor Zhenzong was an emperor of Song.
PeriodSong, Liao, and Jin
IdentityHistorical · Male
Life and dates
Birth
- AD 968 乾德五年之明年，十二月二日生于開封府第Event Explicit supplementary birth date, not inferred from reign or age. · Mode supplementary-research Source Work 宋史卷六 Url https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷006Directly stated · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16
Death
- AD 1022 乾興元年Testamentary instructions issuedDirectly stated · History of Song 110, passage 106
- AD 1022 乾興元年二月戊午Event Zhenzong's death before the month-11 printing authorization. · Mode supplementary-research Source Work 宋史卷八 Url https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷008Directly stated · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16
Age
- 55AD 1022 乾興元年二月戊午 · Source Text 年五十五 · Reckoning Traditional inclusive age at death; not modern elapsed age. · Mode supplementary-research Source Work 宋史卷八 Url https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/宋史/卷008Directly stated · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16
Attested activity
- AD 997 to AD 1022 北宋真宗時Event Verified reign of the ruler named in the chapter's retrospective dating phrase; not participation in the combined-edition project, whose month-11 authorization followed his death.Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16
- AD 1000 三年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 102
- AD 1000 三年春Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 203
- AD 1002 上重於興役Dated from the passage context · History of Song 253, passages 248, 251
- AD 1022 乾興元年Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 106
- AD 999 二年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 202
Show 39 more source-backed claims
- AD 1002 五年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passages 107-108
- AD 1000 咸平三年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passages 40, 42-44, 167
- AD 998 to AD 1003 咸平中Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passages 35-36, 39; History of Song 481, passage 214
- AD 999 咸平二年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 100; History of Song 289, passage 143
- AD 1011 四年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 253, passages 265, 267
- AD 1001 四年正月Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passage 146
- AD 1010 大中祥符三年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 144, passage 25
- AD 1016 大中祥符九年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 132
- AD 1008 大中祥符元年Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 150
- AD 1018 天禧二年四月Dated from the passage context · History of Song 107, passage 13
- AD 1017 天禧初Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 158
- AD 997 to AD 1022 宋真宗Strongly inferred · History of Jin 42, passage 14
- AD 997 to AD 1022 宋真宗Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 248, 250
- AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山，祀汾陰Dated from the passage context · History of Song 98, passage 3
- AD 1002 明年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passages 213, 215
- AD 1005 明年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passages 175, 177
- AD 1005 景德二年Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 15
- AD 1004 景德元年Directly stated · History of Song 253, passages 290, 293
- AD 1004 景德元年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passage 173
- AD 1004 景德初Dated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passages 115, 157
- AD 1008 會東封Dated from the passage context · History of Song 289, passages 180-182
- AD 997 to AD 1022 真宗Dated from the passage context · History of Song 98, passage 89
- AD 997 to AD 1022 真宗Strongly inferred · History of Song 112, passage 11
- AD 997 to AD 1022 真宗Directly stated · History of Song 248, passage 205
- AD 997 to AD 1007 真宗凡三行之，景德以後Directly stated · History of Song 117, passage 53
- AD 997 真宗初Directly stated · History of Song 248, passages 218, 226
- AD 997 真宗即位Dated from the passage context · History of Song 248, passage 265
- AD 997 真宗即位Directly stated · History of Song 268, passages 96, 150, 294; History of Song 289, passage 34
- AD 999 真宗咸平二年八月Dated from the passage context · History of Song 107, passage 9
- AD 997 真宗在藩邸Directly stated · History of Song 268, passage 146
- AD 999 to AD 1001 真宗憫之Directly stated · History of Song 251, passage 99
- AD 997 to AD 1022 真宗時Dated from the passage context · History of Song 144, passage 24
- AD 1004 真宗澶淵之役Directly stated · History of Song 289, passage 245
- AD 1005 真宗皇帝之與遼和親Dated from the passage context · History of Song 436, passage 70
- AD 1008 真宗祥符初Directly stated · History of Song 76, passage 10
- AD 1008 to AD 1016 祥符故事Dated from the passage context · History of Song 118, passages 160-161
- AD 997 至道三年Dated from the passage context · History of Song 248, passages 239, 241
- AD 997 至道三年四月Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 105
- AD 1017 開泰六年Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 15, passage 286
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Parent of Princess of Hui (惠國公主)daughter 女Directly stated · History of Song 248, passages 33, 35
- Parent of Emperor Renzong (仁宗)late emperor 先帝Directly stated · History of Song 248, passage 26
- Sibling of Grand Princess of Jing (荊國大長公主)brothers and sisters 伯仲 · Uncertain siblingsDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 26
- Spouse of Empress Zhangyi (章懿)empress 後Directly stated · History of Song 107, passage 40
- Spouse of Empress Liu (劉氏)empress 皇后 · Primary marriageDirectly stated · History of Song 110, passage 106
- Kin of Empress Mingde (明德皇后)heart-mourning for Empress Mingde 明德心喪Strongly inferred · History of Song 289, passage 175
- Parent of Song Renzong (宋仁宗)natural father of 生Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 248, 250
- Spouse of Empress Zhanghuai (章懷)original consort 元配 · Primary marriage · EndedDirectly stated · History of Song 107, passage 40
- Parent of Prince attended by Zhang Shixun (王)prince 王 · paternal lineStrongly inferred · History of Song 118, passage 161
- Spouse of Pure Consort Yang (淑妃楊氏)pure consort 淑妃 · ConcubinageDirectly stated · History of Song 110, passage 106
- Child of Emperor Taizong (太宗)Zhenzong 真宗 · paternal lineStrongly inferred · History of Song 107, passages 39-40
- Kinship Role siblings · Count 14Directly stated · History of Song 248, passage 26
- Kinship Role daughters · Count 2Directly stated · History of Song 248, passages 33-34
- Kinship Role foster-sons-from-imperial-clan · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 248, 250
Key source chapters
- History of Song, Chapter 248 Volume 248 Biographies 7: Princesses, Dachang Princess of the State of Qin, Six Daughters of Taizu, Two Daughters of Zhenzong, Thirteen Daughters of Renzong, Four Daughters of Yingzong, Ten Daughters of Shenzong, Four Daughters of Zhezong, Thirty Three Daughters of Huizong, Two Daughters of Xiaozong, Three Daughters of Guangzong, Daughter of Weihui Xianwang, Daughter of Ningzong, Daughter of Lizong 11 passages
- History of Song, Chapter 268 Volume 268 Biographies 27: Chai Yuxi, Zhang Xun, Yang Shouyi, Zhao Rong, Zhou Ying, Wang Ji Ying, Wang Xian 18 passages
- History of Song, Chapter 289 Volume 289 Biographies 48: Gao Qiong, Fan Tingzhao, Ge Ba 14 passages
- History of Song, Chapter 253 Volume 253 Biographies 12: Zhe Deyi, Feng Jiye, Wang Chengmei, Li Jizhou, Sun Xingyou 9 passages
- History of Song, Chapter 107 Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 6 passages
Career and standing
- emperor 皇帝Directly stated · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16
- HeldPrince in residenceDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 146
- AD 997 真宗即位Directly stated · History of Song 268, passages 150, 294; History of Song 289, passage 34
Places and affiliations
- Song 宋Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Song 107, passage 9
- Song 宋Relation ServedStrongly inferred · History of Song 118, passage 161
- Polity Northern Song 北宋 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 1, passage 16; Draft History of Qing 444, passage 248
- Polity Song 宋 · Relation Associated withDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 241
- Polity Song 宋 · Relation Member ofStrongly inferred · History of Song 248, passage 205
- Polity Song 宋 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 14; History of Song 76, passage 10; History of Song 98, passages 3, 89; History of Song 112, passage 11; History of Song 117, passage 53; History of Song 144, passage 24; History of Song 251, passage 99; History of Song 253, passages 251, 293; History of Song 268, passages 96, 150, 294; History of Song 289, passages 34, 173; History of Song 436, passage 70; History of Song 481, passage 214
Show 5 more source-backed claims
- Polity Song 宋 · Relation RuledStrongly inferred · History of Liao 15, passage 286
- Polity Song 宋 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 245
- Polity Id liao · Relation Negotiated peace withDirectly stated · History of Song 436, passage 70
- AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山At Mount Tai 泰山 · Relation Ritual siteDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 3
- AD 1008 to AD 1014 祀汾陰At Fenyin 汾陰 · Relation Ritual siteDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 3
Works and attributed material
- Addressed chief ministersAD 998 to AD 1003 咸平中 · Speech · SpeakerDirectly stated · History of Song 481, passage 214
- Edict · Author · With Zhou Ying (周瑩) · Paraphrased · granted gold and silk to the troops and forbade Ying to punish themDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 117
- Edict · Author · With Zhou Ying (周瑩) · Paraphrased · rebuked him and ordered capture of banditsDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 127
- Edict · Author · With Zhou Ying (周瑩)Directly stated · History of Song 253, passage 292
- Edict · Author · ParaphrasedDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 39
- Handwritten edict · Author · With Zhou Ying (周瑩) · ParaphrasedDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 121
Show 4 more source-backed claims
- Speech · Speaker · With Wang Jiying (王繼英) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 160
- Speech · Speaker · With Zhou Ying (周瑩) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passages 113-114
- 處之閑僻，適使其自偷爾。Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 126
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Song 253, passages 256, 260-261
Events and relationships
- Added surrounding inner guardsRitual · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 144, passage 24
- Appointed Zhang Shixun as prince friend and ordered return bowAdministrative · AuthorityDirectly stated · History of Song 118, passage 161
- Approved memorialDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 175
- Asked Gao Qiong about punishing Fan Tingzhao and Sang ZanCourt · EmperorDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 42
- Bestowed silverDirectly stated · History of Song 481, passage 214
- Chengtian Festival 承天節Ritual · Honoree · Birthday festival establishedDirectly stated · History of Song 112, passage 11
Show 40 more source-backed claims
- Campaigned at ChanyuanAD 1004 真宗澶淵之役 · Military · Sovereign · At Chanyuan 澶淵Directly stated · History of Song 289, passage 245
- Deliberated personal campaignAD 1004 景德元年 · Military · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 173
- Dropped punishmentLegal · AuthorityDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 44
- Eastern fengAD 1008 會東封 · Ritual · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 180
- Enfeoffed mother from pityDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 97
- Established celebratory holidaysRitual · InitiatorDirectly stated · History of Song 112, passages 149-150
- established a special Detailed Determination Office, later the Court of Ritual Protocol 專置詳定所…尋改禮儀院AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山，祀汾陰 · Administrative · Issuer · Established officeDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passages 3-4
- Inquired after illnessDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 146
- Issued escort diagramAD 1010 大中祥符三年 · Administrative · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 144, passage 25
- Limited Hebei works to Anping and moved Qi PrefectureAdministrative · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 253, passage 251
- Northern tourAD 999 咸平二年 · Military · RulerDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 143
- Northern tourAD 1004 車駕北巡 · Travel · RulerDated from the passage context · History of Song 268, passage 118
- Ordered officials to investigate and arrest the thiefLegal · IssuerDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 269
- Ordered the princess to visit Yu Xi with daughter in law ritesDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 241
- Ordered compilation of standard prayersDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 90
- Ordered detailed revisionDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 91
- Performed the entering the pavilion rite three timesAD 997 to AD 1007 真宗凡三行之 · Ritual · PerformerDirectly stated · History of Song 117, passage 53
- performed the feng rites on Mount Tai 封泰山AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山，祀汾陰 · Ritual · Officiant · Performed feng sacrifice · At Mount Tai 泰山Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 3
- Personally mournedDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 164
- Personally signed prayer boardsRitual · SignerDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 92
- Personally toured HebeiAD 998 to AD 1003 咸平中 · Military · Emperor · At Hebei 河朔Directly stated · History of Song 289, passage 36
- Posthumously raised to grand princessDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 205
- cults of the Heavenly Writ and Sage Ancestor arose 天書、聖祖崇奉迭興AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山，祀汾陰 · Ritual · Patron · Promoted cultsDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 3
- Pursued peace marriage with liaoAD 1005 真宗與遼和親 · Diplomatic · SovereignDirectly stated · History of Song 436, passage 70
- Reared clan sons in palace then sent home when heir bornDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 248, 250
- RecalledDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passage 177
- Received greetingDirectly stated · History of Song 289, passages 181-182
- Restored old prayer styleDirectly stated · History of Song 98, passage 89
- Rewarded troopsAD 1000 咸平三年 · Military · Ruler · At Daming 大名Directly stated · History of Song 289, passage 167
- sacrificed at Fenyin 祀汾陰AD 1008 to AD 1014 封泰山，祀汾陰 · Ritual · Officiant · Sacrificed · At Fenyin 汾陰Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 3
- Secretly sent gifts to help honor Jichang's birthdayRitual · PatronDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 267
- Sent envoys to commendDated from the passage context · History of Song 253, passage 293
- Sided with pardonDirectly stated · History of Song 268, passage 106
- Zhenzong precedent 宋真宗故事AD 997 to AD 1022 宋真宗 · Ritual · Precedent · Thanksgiving in court dress on horseback · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Emperor Shizong (世宗)Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 14
- The rite ceased after the Jingde eraAD 1004 to AD 1007 景德以後 · Ritual · SovereignDirectly stated · History of Song 117, passage 53
- Took pity on Defeng's impoverished family and ordered the salary of a regimentation commissionerDirectly stated · History of Song 251, passage 99
- VisitedImperial progress · Emperor · At Daming 大名Directly stated · History of Song 268, passage 202
- Went toAD 1004 景德元年 · Travel · Ruler · At Chanyuan 澶淵Directly stated · History of Song 253, passage 290
- Comfort · Author of handwritten note · With Wang Xian (王顯)Directly stated · History of Song 268, passage 213
- Relation Successor of · Person Emperor Taizong (太宗)Strongly inferred · History of Song 289, passage 34
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment descendants of usurping rulers mostly impoverished through prior extravagance · Mode named-speaker Speaker Emperor Zhenzong (宋真宗)Directly stated · History of Song 481, passage 214
- Assessment mediocre, timid, and unwise · Of Person Id Zhou Ying (周瑩) · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Emperor Zhenzong (宋真宗)Directly stated · History of Song 268, passage 122
- Assessment Ying was practiced in military affairs · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Emperor Zhenzong (宋真宗)Directly stated · History of Song 268, passage 108
- Item layered robes, jeweled belts, vessels, silks, and cash 兼衣、寶帶、器幣 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Song 248, passage 267
Source notes
- Historicity historical
- Value historicalDirectly stated · History of Song 117, passage 53
References in the histories
76 passages
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