Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)

Overview

Emperor Zhangzong of Jin was a Sixth emperor of the Jin dynasty and patron of Confucian state institutions.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao	憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝

Life and dates

Birth

At Madage Mountain 麻達葛山
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 162

Death

AD 1208 泰和八年
Directly stated · History of Jin 13, passage 36

Attested activity

AD 1202 泰和二年閏十二月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 234
AD 1201 泰和元年正月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 203
AD 1197 二年冬十月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 227
AD 1204 泰和四年十二月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 235
AD 1190 明昌元年四月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passage 219
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年六月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 216

Show 46 more source-backed claims

AD 1205 五年六月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 239
AD 1192 明昌三年七月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 167
AD 1192 明昌三年八月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 222
AD 1198 三年九月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 232
AD 1208 八年九月
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 244
AD 1208 八年九月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passages 244-245
AD 1189 九月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passages 216, 218
AD 1196 承安元年
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 225
AD 1196 承安元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passages 225-226
AD 1190 明昌元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 43, passages 75, 155
AD 1201 泰和元年八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 43, passages 215, 223
AD 1197 二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passages 227, 230
AD 1189 大定二十九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 46, passages 216-217
AD 1205 五年
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 237
AD 1195 明昌六年
Directly stated · History of Jin 29, passage 247
AD 1161 to AD 1189 世宗之世
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 59, passage 685
AD 1189 大定二十九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 13, passage 10; History of Jin 46, passages 88, 138
AD 1189 大定二十九年三月
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 78
AD 1161 大定元年二月丁卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passage 209
AD 1198 承安三年正月
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 87
AD 1197 承安二年
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 48
AD 1197 承安二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 154
AD 1200 承安五年
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 237
AD 1194 明昌五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 188
AD 1194 明昌五年五月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 50, passage 92
AD 1190 明昌元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 150; History of Jin 46, passage 142
AD 1195 明昌六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 140; History of Jin 46, passages 149, 152
AD 1193 明昌四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 95
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 264
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 127, passage 84
AD 1207 泰和七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 55; History of Jin 46, passage 153
AD 1203 泰和三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 63
AD 1202 泰和二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 157; History of Jin 78, passage 128
AD 1208 泰和八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 13, passage 36
AD 1206 泰和六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 53; History of Jin 46, passage 80
AD 1190 章宗、宣宗嘗親民事
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 28
AD 1189 to AD 1208 章宗
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 11; History of Jin 127, passage 11
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 45, passage 146
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年
Directly stated · History of Jin 52, passages 116, 163; History of Jin 53, passages 65, 247
AD 1189 to AD 1208 章宗所置
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 52, passage 17
AD 1192 章宗明昌三年三月
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 188
AD 1191 章宗明昌二年七月
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 22
AD 1190 章宗明昌元年八月
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 131
AD 1193 章宗明昌四年七月
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 88
AD 1189 to AD 1208 章宗時
Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passage 7
AD 1190 to AD 1208 章宗時
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 115

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Consort Li (李妃)
consort 妃 · Secondary marriage
Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passage 8
Child of Emperor Xianzong of Jin (金顯宗)
father 父
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 208
Child of Yungong (允恭)
illustrious father 顯考
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 150
Child of Xianzong (顯宗)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 685
Parent of Teni (忒鄰)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716
Parent of Hongjing (洪靖)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716
Parent of Hongxi (洪熈)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716
Parent of Honghui (洪輝)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716
Parent of Hongyu (洪裕)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716
Parent of Hongyan (洪衍)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716

Kinship Role sons · Count 0 · Negated true · no heir
Directly stated · History of Jin 13, passage 34
Kinship Role sons · Count 0 · Negated true
Directly stated · History of Jin 29, passage 247
Kinship Role sons · Count 6
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 716

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Emperor Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao 憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝
Posthumously conferred
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 209
Zhangzong 章宗
AD 1189 大定二十九年 · Emperor · Reigned
Directly stated · History of Jin 53, passages 65, 247
mourning seclusion 諒暗
AD 1189 大定二十九年三月 · Mourning seclusion
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 78
AD 1189 章宗即位
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 155

Places and affiliations

Jin 金
Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 29, passage 247; History of Jin 59, passage 2
Jin 金
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 264; History of Jin 46, passage 11; History of Jin 127, passage 11
Jin 金
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 46, passage 216
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passage 209
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 78; History of Jin 43, passage 115; History of Jin 45, passage 28; History of Jin 52, passages 17, 116, 163
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 35, passage 48

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Polity Jin 金 · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passages 6, 55
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間
At Shandong 山東 · Relation Inquired about
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 266
At Madage Mountain 麻達葛山 · Relation Born at
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 162

Works and attributed material

praise text 贊文
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 49
AD 1202 泰和二年閏十二月
Speech · Speaker · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 234
AD 1204 泰和四年十二月
Speech · Speaker · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 235
AD 1192 明昌三年八月
Edict · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 222
AD 1208 八年九月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 245-247
AD 1194 明昌五年五月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passages 92-93

Show 18 more source-backed claims

AD 1195 明昌六年七月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 94
AD 1193 明昌四年夏四月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Xu Chiguo (胥持國)
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passages 190, 192, 198-199, 201
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年
Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Jin 52, passage 116
AD 1192 章宗明昌三年三月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passages 188-189
AD 1193 章宗明昌四年七月
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 88
Edict · Author · With Wanyan Yongji (完顏永濟)
Directly stated · History of Jin 13, passages 22-27
Edict · Issuer
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passages 237, 243
Imperial statement · Author · Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗) · Topic a tomb was inappropriate inside the imperial park
Directly stated · History of Jin 78, passage 128
Order · Speaker · Mode quoted-or-paraphrased-command
Directly stated · History of Jin 29, passage 256
Order · Authority · Mode narrative
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 95
朝、祭之服，固宜分也。
Speech · Speaker · Mode direct-quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 223
Speech · Speaker · With Shouzhen (守貞) · Mode quotation Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 267
Speech · Speaker · With Zhang Wangong (張萬公) · Mode quotation Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 266
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode direct-speech
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passages 87-89
Speech · Speaker · Mode named-source-report Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 127, passage 11
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passages 264-265
Speech · Speaker · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 146-147, 149-151
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · History of Jin 45, passages 150, 177-178, 181, 188-189, 192, 201

Events and relationships

adopted Xiang proposal to change sacred birthday date 竟用襄議改聖節
Political · Ruler · Adopted xiang birthday proposal · With Xiang (襄)
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 86
dispatched thirteen officials including Jia Shouqian and others to reassess all routes 以吏部尚書賈守謙等十三員推排諸路
AD 1208 八年九月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Commissioned · With Jia Shouqian (賈守謙), Pucha Zhangjianu (蒲察張家奴), Wanyan Baijia (完顏百嘉), Song Yuanji (宋元吉)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 244
sent Ma Bailu and others to reassess the poor in flooded Cao Prefecture counties 遣馬百祿等推排遭墊溺州縣之貧乏者
AD 1189 九月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Commissioned · With Ma Bailu (馬百祿)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 216, 218
sent envoys to reassess Western Capital and Beijing frontier lands 遣使推排之
AD 1205 五年 · Administrative · Sovereign · Commissioned · At Western Capital and Beijing frontiers 西京、北京邊地
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 237
at comprehensive reassessment only fix floating wealth since property follows occupation 仍敕物力既隨業，通推時止令定浮財
AD 1205 五年 · Administrative · Sovereign · Decreed
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 239, 243
Decreed
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年 · Administrative · Issuer · Topic Grace List for five-time imperial-curtain jinshi 恩榜
Directly stated · History of Jin 52, passage 116

Show 29 more source-backed claims

Established
AD 1189 to AD 1208 章宗所置 · Administrative · Creator · Offices Sacrifices examiners and salaried eunuch posts 太常檢討、內侍寄祿官
Directly stated · History of Jin 52, passage 17
Forbade self tonsure as monk or daoist
AD 1190 明昌元年 · Legal · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 144
Granted land exemption
Grant · Grantor · With Zhao Zhi (趙質)
Directly stated · History of Jin 127, passage 88
implemented Secretariat clothing draft over Ministry of Rites draft 以尚書省所擬而行之
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間 · Political · Ruler · Implemented
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 270
asked Zhang Wangong about Shandong custom 問山東風俗
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間 · Political · Ruler · Inquired · With Zhang Wangong (張萬公)
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 266
Gaomei sacrifice 高禖之祀
AD 1195 明昌六年 · Ritual · Commissioner · Instituted gaomei sacrifice · At southeast outside Jingfeng Gate 景風門外東南端
Directly stated · History of Jin 29, passage 247
ordered flower banquet practice remain as before 命止如舊
AD 1198 承安三年正月 · Ritual · Ruler · Kept flower banquet practice unchanged
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 95
Offered office
Appointment · Offeror · With Zhao Zhi (趙質)
Directly stated · History of Jin 127, passage 85
Gaomei post-sacrifice shooting and sharing of sacrificial flesh 進胙射弓飲福享胙
AD 1195 明昌六年 · Ritual · Presider · Ordered consorts to shoot and share sacrificial flesh
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 29, passages 247, 256
ordered Ministry of Rites to gather clothing precedents 令禮部具典故以聞
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間 · Political · Ruler · Ordered precedents
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passages 264-265
Song envoy leave at mourning canopy then Hall of Benevolent Governance 先辭靈幄然後詣仁政殿朝辭授書
Ritual · Ruler · Ordered song envoy leave at mourning canopy then renzheng hall
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 79
fixed timely property push-and-collect method; sales follow the estate; only floating wealth adjusted at census 定人戶物力隨時推收法
AD 1202 泰和二年閏十二月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 234
ordered discussion of comprehensive inspection 敕令議通檢
AD 1197 二年冬十月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 227
timely collection for sold estates; families without floating wealth may petition for verified exemption 遂定典賣實業逐時推收，若無浮財營運，應除免者，令本家陳告
AD 1204 泰和四年十二月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 235
exempted deputies on state embassies from property-assessment increases 命為國信使之副者，免增物力
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年六月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 216
set household reporting window for property marking with penalties for lateness 遂令自今年十一月一日，令人戶告詣推收標附
AD 1205 五年六月 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 239, 241
ordered Jia Zhigang and Gao Ruli to reassess the capital patrol districts as a model 令吏部尚書賈執剛、吏部侍郎高汝礪先推排在都兩警巡院
AD 1197 二年 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered · With Jia Zhigang (賈執剛), Gao Ruli (高汝礪)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 227, 230
exempted farmers' stored grain from property assessment; allowed grain/cloth conversion in cash-poor prefectures 又命農民如有積粟，毋充物力，錢慳之郡，所納錢貨則許折粟帛
AD 1189 大定二十九年 · Administrative · Sovereign · Ordered
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 216-217
Personally sacrificed
AD 1197 承安二年春丁 · Ritual · Officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 48
Refused pure auspicious dress
Dress regulation · Decision maker · Outcome Wore pale yellow robe and rhinoceros belt
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 155
Required imperial order
AD 1189 章宗大定二十九年 · Administrative · Issuer · Topic further promotion after reaching Pacifier of the Realm 遷至鎮國者取旨升除
Directly stated · History of Jin 52, passage 163
Ritual officials proposed sacrificial dress reform
Ritual reform · Reigning emperor
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 115
summoned the reassessment commissioners to the Incense Pavilion and personally instructed them 上召至香閣，親諭之
AD 1208 八年九月 · Audience · Sovereign · Summoned and instructed · At Incense Pavilion 香閣 · With Jia Shouqian (賈守謙), Pucha Zhangjianu (蒲察張家奴), Wanyan Baijia (完顏百嘉), Song Yuanji (宋元吉)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 244-245
temporarily stopped the overdue Cheng'an year reassessment to avoid harming farm work 詔以冬已深，比事畢恐妨農作，乃權止之
AD 1196 承安元年 · Administrative · Sovereign · Suspended
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passages 225-226
Tightened sizhou market controls
AD 1191 章宗明昌二年七月 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Jin 50, passage 22
Took throne
Accession · Sovereign · Related Person Id Emperor Shizong (世宗) · during mourning for Shizong
Directly stated · History of Jin 43, passage 155
Visited study
AD 1190 to AD 1196 明昌間 · Visit · Visitor · With Zhao Zhi (趙質)
Directly stated · History of Jin 127, passage 84
waived Song envoy farewell audience 免宋使朝辭
AD 1189 大定二十九年三月 · Ritual · Ruler · Waived song envoy farewell audience
Directly stated · History of Jin 38, passage 78
Relation Successor of · Person Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 43, passage 155

Assessments and attributes

Assessment warned that failure in the ten-year reassessment charge would bring heavy punishment · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 46, passage 247
Item imperial bows, arrows, and quivers 禦弓矢弓䪅 · Relation Used in rite
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 29, passages 247, 250, 256

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 13, passage 10; History of Jin 29, passage 247

References in the histories

Search passages

History

53 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 13Volume 13 Annals 13: Wei Shaowang · 13 passages

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衛紹王諱永濟，小字興勝，更諱允濟，章宗時避顯宗諱，詔改「允」為「永」。 Wei Shaowang—taboo name Yongji, childhood name Xingsheng, once taboo-named Yunji—during Zhangzong's reign, because of the taboo on Xianzong's name, received an edict changing "Yun" to "Yong."

二十九年，世宗崩，章宗即位，進封潞王。 In year 29 Shizong died and Zhangzong took the throne; he was advanced to Prince of Lu.

初，章宗誅鄭王永蹈、趙王永中，久，頗悔之。 At first Zhangzong had put Prince of Zheng Yongtao and Prince of Zhao Yongzhong to death; in time he came to regret it deeply.

是時，章宗已感嗽疾，衛王且辭行，而章宗意留之。 By then Zhangzong had fallen ill with a cough; Prince Wei was ready to depart, but Zhangzong meant to keep him at court.

宗章初年，雅愛諸王，置王傳府尉官以傳導德義。 Early in Zhangzong's reign he had loved his brothers dearly and set tutors and household officers in each prince's house to teach virtue.

而衛王乃永蹈母弟，柔弱鮮智能，故章宗愛之。 Prince Wei was Yongtao's uterine younger brother—soft, ungifted, and mild—so Zhangzong held him dear.

既無繼嗣，而諸叔兄弟多在，章宗皆不肯立，惟欲立衛王，故於辭行留之。 He had no son, and many uncles and brothers still lived; Zhangzong would raise none of them, wishing only to make Prince Wei heir—so when Prince Wei tried to leave, he was kept back.

無何，章宗大漸，元妃李氏、黃門李新喜、平章政事完顏匡定策。 Soon Zhangzong was near death; Yuan Consort Li, palace attendant Li Xinxhi, and Grand Councilor Wanyan Kuang fixed the succession.

章宗崩，匡等傳遣詔，立衛王。 Zhangzong died; Kuang and his party passed on the final edict and set Prince Wei on the throne.

壬辰，章宗內人范氏損其遣腹，以詔內外。 On renchen Zhangzong's inner woman Fan injured the child she bore for him; an edict told the court and the realm.

初，章宗遣詔：「內人有娠者兩人，生男則立為儲貳。」 Earlier Zhangzong had sent an edict: "Two inner women are with child; whichever bears a son shall be made heir."

四月庚辰，殺章宗元妃李氏及承御賈氏。 In the fourth month, on gengchen, Zhangzong’s Primary Consort Li shi and Palace Woman Jia shi were put to death.

《章宗實錄》詳其前事，《宜宗實錄》詳其後事。 The Veritable Record of Zhangzong treats the earlier reign; the Veritable Record of Xuanzong treats what followed.

History of Jin, Chapter 29Volume 29 Treatises 10: Rites 2: Fang Qiu Ceremonies; Dawn, Sunset, and Lunar Ceremonies; Gaomei · 1 passage

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明昌六年，章宗未有子，尚書省臣奏行高禖之祀，乃築壇于景風門外東南端，當闕之卯辰地，與圜丘東西相望，壇如北郊之制。 In Mingchang 6, Zhangzong had no heir; the Secretariat urged the Gaomei sacrifice; an altar was built southeast outside Jingfeng Gate, opposite the palace at mao-chen, facing the round mound—the northern suburban model.

History of Jin, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 13: Rites 5: Conferring of Posthumous Titles · 1 passage

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大定元年二月丁卯，諡大行皇帝曰憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝，廟號章宗。 On the dingmao day of the second month, Dading 1, the late emperor received the posthumous title Emperor Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao, with the temple name Zhangzong.

History of Jin, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 16: Rites 8: Consecration of Shrines to a Sages; Temple to the Warrior King Cheng of Zhou; Monarchs of Past Ages; Halls to Various Spirits in Changbai Shan, Dafang Shan, Amur River, Jia Yin Hou; Spirits of the Lu River; Spirits of Zhao Yin Shun; Spirits of Zhen an Gong, Rui Shen Gongl; Worshipping, Sacrifices, Vists, and State Ceremonies at Zhen Xian Jun Wang Temple · 3 passages

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承安二年，春丁，章宗親祀，以親王攝亞、終獻，皇族陪祀，文武群臣助奠。 In Chengan 2, on the spring ding day, Emperor Zhangzong performed the sacrifice in person; a prince of the blood stood in for the second and final offerings, members of the imperial clan accompanied the rite, and civil and military officials assisted in the presentation.

即麻達葛山也，章宗生於此。 This is Madage Mountain; Emperor Zhangzong was born here.

世宗愛此山勢衍氣清，故命章宗名之。 Emperor Shizong loved this mountain's spreading terrain and clear qi, and therefore had Zhangzong name it.

History of Jin, Chapter 38Volume 38 Treatises 19: Rites 11: Ceremonies for Receiving Foreign Emissaries; Music for Banquets; Farewell Rituals; Ceremonies for Newly Appointed Officials · 4 passages

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大定二十九年三月，章宗以在諒暗，免宋使朝辭，太常寺言：「若不面授書及傳達語言，恐後別有違失。」 In the third month of the twenty-ninth year of Dading, because Emperor Zhangzong was in mourning seclusion, the Song envoy's farewell audience was waived. The Directorate of Ceremonies said: "If the letter is not conferred face to face and the transmitted message is not delivered, there may later be misunderstandings."

御史大夫唐括貢、中丞李晏、刑部尚書兼右諫議大夫完顏守貞等亦皆言不可，上初從之，既而竟用襄議，令有司移報，使明知聖誕之實，特改其日以示優待行人之意。 The Censor-in-Chief Tangut Gong, Vice Censor-in-Chief Li Yan, Minister of Justice and Right Remonstrance Officer Wanyan Shouzhen, and others also all opposed the change. The emperor at first followed them, but in the end adopted Xiang's proposal and ordered the responsible offices to notify the foreign court so that the envoys would know the true sacred birthday and understand that the day had been specially changed to show favor toward traveling envoys.

承安三年正月，上諭旨有司曰：「此聞宋國花宴，殿上不設肴饌，至其歇時乃備於廊下。 In the first month of the third year of Cheng'an, the emperor instructed the responsible offices: "I have heard that at the Song flower banquet no dishes are set out in the hall, and food is prepared only in the corridors during the pause.

乃命止如舊。 The emperor then ordered that matters remain as before.

History of Jin, Chapter 43Volume 43 Treatises 24: Carriages and Clothing 1: Emperor's Carriages, Empress' and Consorts' Carriages; Crown Prince's Carriages; Princes, Dukes, and Below Carriages and Saddlery; Carriages and Clothing 2: Emperors' Robes and Crowns; Clothing for Those Accompanying the Emperor; Empresses' Crown and Clothing; Crown Princes' Crown and Clothing; Dress for the Imperial Clan, Families of Imperial Consorts, and Titled Nobility; Court Dress for Officials; Ceremonial Clothing; Official Clothing; Carriages and Clothing 3: Tailoring · 6 passages

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章宗時，禮官請參酌漢、唐，更制祭服，青衣硃裳，去貂蟬豎筆，以別於朝服。 Under Emperor Zhangzong, ritual officials proposed following Han and Tang to redesign sacrificial dress as green upper garment and vermilion skirt, omitting sable tail and upright brush to distinguish it from court dress.

章宗即位，以世宗之喪，有司請禦純吉，不從，乃服淡黃袍、烏犀帶。 At Emperor Zhangzong's accession, during mourning for Emperor Shizong, officials requested pure auspicious dress; he refused and wore a pale yellow robe with rhinoceros belt.

上曰：「朝、祭之服，固宜分也。」 The emperor replied: 'Court dress and sacrificial dress ought indeed to be separate.'

明昌間，章宗謂宰臣曰：「今風俗侈靡，莫若律以制度，使貴賤有等。 During Mingchang, Emperor Zhangzong told his chief ministers: 'Custom has grown extravagant; we should regulate it by law so rank is clear.

萬公對以奢，左丞守貞因言衣服之制，上曰：「如卿所言，正恐失人心耳。」 Wang replied that it was extravagant; Left Vice Director Shouzhen raised clothing regulations; the emperor said: 'As you say, I fear only losing hearts.'

於是，上以禮部所擬太繁，以尚書省所擬而行之。 The emperor found the Ministry of Rites' draft too elaborate and implemented the Secretariat's version.

History of Jin, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 26: Punishment · 2 passages

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章宗、宣宗嘗親民事，當寧裁決，寬猛出入雖時或過中，跡其矜恕之多，猶有祖風焉。 Emperors Zhangzong and Xuanzong sometimes took civil cases in hand themselves, rendering judgment from the throne; though their leniency and severity occasionally overshot the mark, the record of their compassion and clemency still bore traces of their forebears' style.

舊禁民不得收制書，恐滋告訐之弊，章宗大定二十九年，言事者乞許民藏之。 Commoners had long been forbidden to possess copies of the regulatory code, for fear of encouraging vexatious denunciations; in the twenty-ninth year of Dading, during Zhangzong's reign, memorialists petitioned to allow the populace to keep legal texts.

History of Jin, Chapter 46Volume 46 Treatises 27: Finance and Economics 1: Thorough Examination and Organization of Registered Residences · 7 passages

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章宗彌文煟興，邊費亦廣，食貨之議不容不急。 Zhangzong's reign saw cultural brilliance—and soaring frontier costs; debate over finance could hardly wait.

大定二十九年，章宗嘗欲罷坊、裏正，複以主首遠，入城應代，妨農不便，乃以有物力謹願者二年一更代。 In the twenty-ninth year of Dading Zhangzong considered abolishing ward and hamlet heads; travel to town for duty harmed farming, so property-holding prudent men were rotated every two years.

章宗大定二十九年十一月，上封事者言，乞放二稅戶為良。 In the eleventh month of Zhangzong's twenty-ninth year of Dading, a memorialist asked to free double-tax households.

章宗大定二十九年六月，命為國信使之副者，免增物力。 In the sixth month of Zhangzong's twenty-ninth year of Dading, deputies on state embassies were exempted from property assessment increases.

泰和二年閏十二月，上以推排時，既問人戶浮財物力，而又勘當比次，期迫事繁，難得其實，敕尚書省，定人戶物力隨時推收法，令自今典賣事產者隨業推收，別置標簿，臨時止拘浮財物力以增減之。 In Taihe's intercalary twelfth month the emperor noted that reassessment crammed floating wealth, property, and prior rankings into a rushed deadline and ordered the Department of State Affairs to adopt ongoing collection: from then on sales followed the trade, separate registers were kept, and only floating wealth was adjusted at census time.

泰和四年十二月，上以職官仕于遠方，其家物力有應除而不除者，遂定典賣實業逐時推收，若無浮財營運，應除免者，令本家陳告，集坊村人戶推唱，驗實免之。 In Taihe's twelfth month of the fourth year, the emperor said officials serving afar often left family property improperly assessed; real estate sales were collected promptly, and families without floating wealth could petition ward and village assemblies for verified exemption.

上召至香閣，親諭之曰：「朕選卿等隨路推排，除推收外，其新強消乏戶，雖集眾推唱，然消乏者勿銷不盡，如一戶物力元三百貫，今蠲免二百五十貫猶有未當者。 The emperor summoned them to the Incense Pavilion and said: "I chose you for route reassessment. Beyond collection, when the newly wealthy and the exhausted are publicly ranked, do not leave the exhausted only partly relieved—if a household owed three hundred strings, exempting two hundred fifty may still be unjust.

History of Jin, Chapter 50Volume 50 Treatises 31: Finance and Economics 5: Monopoly Markets, State Purchase of Grain, Rice Fields, Agricultural Land Administration, Buying of Titles or Pardons With Grain and Selling of Ordination Certificates · 4 passages

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章宗明昌二年七月，尚書省以泗州榷場自前關防不嚴，遂奏定從大定五年制，官為增修舍屋，倍設闌禁，委場官及提控所拘榷，以提刑司舉察。 In the seventh month of Zhangzong's Mingchang 2 (1191) the Department of State Affairs noted lax controls at the Sizhou market and proposed adopting the Dading 5 rules: state-funded repairs, doubled checkpoints, supervision by market officials and control offices, and inspection by the surveillance commission.

章宗明昌四年七月，諭旨戶部官：「聞通州米粟甚賤，若以平價官糴之，何如？」 In the seventh month of Zhangzong's Mingchang 4 (1193), the emperor instructed Revenue officials, "I hear that rice and grain in Tongzhou are very cheap. What if the government buys them at fair price?"

章宗明昌元年八月，御史請複設，敕省臣詳議以聞。 In the eighth month of Zhangzong's Mingchang 1 (1190) censors asked to restore the system; the court ordered provincial ministers to deliberate and report.

章宗明昌三年三月，宰執嘗論其法於上前，上曰：「卿等所言甚嘉，但恐農民不達此法。 In the third month of Zhangzong's Mingchang 3, the chief ministers once discussed the method before the throne. The emperor said, "What you have said is excellent; I only fear that farmers will not understand this method.

History of Jin, Chapter 52Volume 52 Treatises 33: Selection of Officials 2: Civil and Military Selection · 3 passages

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若宗室將軍、宮中諸局承應人、宰相書表、太子護衛、妃護衛、王府祗候郎君、內侍、及宰相之子、並譯史、通事、省祗候郎君、親軍驍騎諸格，則定于世宗之時，及章宗所置之太常檢討、內侍寄祿官，皆仕進之門戶也。 Imperial-clan generals, palace bureau attendants, chancellors' memorial scribes, crown-prince and consort guards, princely retainers, eunuchs, chancellors' sons, translators, interpreters, provincial attendants, and personal-guard and crack-cavalry categories were all set under Shizong; Zhangzong added Sacrifices examiners and salaried eunuch posts—each a doorway into office.

恩榜，章宗大定二十九年，敕今後凡五次禦簾進士，可一試而不黜落，止以文之高下定其次，謂之恩榜。 Grace List: in Dading 29 (1189) Zhangzong decreed that jinshi who had reached the imperial curtain five times could sit once without failing out, ranked only by literary merit—the Grace List.

章宗大定二十九年，遷至鎮國者取旨升除後。 In Zhangzong's Dading 29 (1189) those who reached Pacifier of the Realm required an imperial order for further promotion.

History of Jin, Chapter 53Volume 53 Treatises 34: Selection of Officials 3: Miscellaneous Selection of Senior Officials, Minor Officials · 2 passages

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章宗大定二十九年，上封事者言：「諸州府吏人不宜試補隨朝吏員，乞以五品以上子孫試補。 In Dading 29 (1189), early in Emperor Zhangzong's reign, a memorial argued, "Prefectural clerks should not be examined to supplement capital clerks; trial should be limited to sons of fifth-rank officials and above.

章宗大定二十九年，諸局分長行並曆三百月。 In Dading 29, early in Emperor Zhangzong's reign, bureau senior attendants served three hundred months.

History of Jin, Chapter 59Volume 59 Tables 1: Imperial Family · 2 passages

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右顯宗子，與章宗、宣宗凡七人。 Listed at right: sons of Xianzong—with Zhangzong and Xuanzong, seven in all.

右章宗子，凡六人。 Listed at right: six sons of Zhangzong.

History of Jin, Chapter 78Volume 78 Biographies 16: Liu Yanzong and His Sons E and Kuo; Kuo's Son Zhonghui; Liu Yi; Shi Liai; Han Qixian and His Son Duo · 1 passage

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上見之曰：「苑中不宜有墓。」 The emperor said on seeing it: "A park should not contain a tomb."

History of Jin, Chapter 127Volume 127 Biographies 65: Xiao You, Wendihanwolubu, Chen Yan, Liu Yu, Meng Xing, Wang Zhen, Liu Zheng, Yin Yi, Chu Chengliang, Wang Qufei, Zhao Zhi, Du Shisheng, Hao Tianting, Xue Jiyuan, Gao Zhongzhen, Zhang Qian, Wang Rumei, Song Ke, Xin Yuan, Wang Yuke · 2 passages

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章宗嘗曰：「孝義之人，素行已備，雖有希覬，猶不失為行善。」 Emperor Zhangzong once remarked: "Those who are filial and righteous have already perfected their daily conduct; even if they harbor some personal ambition, they still count as men who do good."

明昌間，章宗游春水過焉，聞弦誦聲，幸其齋舍，見壁間所題詩，諷詠久之，賞其志趣不凡。 During Mingchang, when Emperor Zhangzong toured the spring waters and passed by, he heard recitation, visited Zhi's study, saw poems inscribed on the walls, chanted them at length, and admired his uncommon spirit.

History of Jin, Chapter 131Volume 131 Biographies 69: Huan Zhe, Liang Chong, Song Gui, Pan Shouheng, Fang Ji, Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Li Qingsi, Ji Tianxi, Zhang Yuansu, Ma Guizhong, Wu Zhen Son: Kang, Li Mao, Hu Dexin · 2 passages

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惟海陵時有梁珫，章宗時有梁道、李新喜幹政，二君為所誤多矣。 Only under Emperor Hailing did Liang Chong, and under Emperor Zhangzong did Liang Dao and Li Xinxi, meddle in government — and both sovereigns were led badly astray.

世傳梁道勸章宗納李妃後宮，金史不載梁道始末，弗得而論次之。 Tradition holds that Liang Dao persuaded Zhangzong to take Consort Li into the harem, but the History of Jin does not record Liang Dao's full story, so his career cannot be set out here in proper sequence.