Overview
Emperor Zhang of Han was an Eastern Han emperor who reigned from AD 75 to 88.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | Emperor Zhang | 孝章皇帝 | Xiàozhāng Huángdì |
| Temple name | Suzong | 肃宗 | Sùzōng |
| Regnal name | Emperor Zhang | Zhang |
Life and dates
Death
- DiedDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 118
- died afterwardDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 115, passage 111
Attested activity
- AD 76 to AD 88 AD 76-88Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 85, passage 117
- AD 84 to AD 87 元和中Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 31, passage 83
- AD 85 元和二年正月Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passages 45, 47-51, 53-56
- AD 84 元和元年Directly stated · Book of Later Han 89, passage 203
- AD 75 孝章即位Directly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 116
- AD 106 延平元年Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 126, passage 240
Show 19 more source-backed claims
- AD 80 建初五年Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 37, passage 227
- AD 80 建初五年二月Directly stated · Book of Later Han 119, passage 65
- AD 81 建初六年六月Directly stated · Book of Later Han 119, passages 68, 70
- AD 75 to AD 88 後漢章帝Directly stated · Book of Song 55, passage 11
- c. AD 79 白虎觀議奏Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 28, passage 74
- AD 75 to AD 88 肃宗Directly stated · Book of Later Han 94, passage 22
- AD 75 to AD 88 肃宗/建初中Directly stated · Book of Later Han 89, passage 190
- AD 75 to AD 88 肅宗Directly stated · Book of Later Han 32, passages 180, 189
- AD 76 to AD 88 肅宗時Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 28, passages 157, 171, 195
- AD 87 章和元年八月Directly stated · Book of Later Han 119, passage 71
- AD 75 to AD 88 章帝Directly stated · Book of Later Han 126, passage 240
- AD 82 章帝七八年间Directly stated · Book of Later Han 117, passage 176
- AD 84 to AD 87 章帝元和中Dated from the passage context · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 1
- AD 75 章帝即位Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 125, passage 84
- AD 76 章帝建初元年三月甲寅Directly stated · Book of Later Han 117, passage 11
- AD 79 章帝建初四年冬Directly stated · Book of Later Han 117, passage 185
- AD 75 to AD 88 章帝时Directly stated · Book of Later Han 93, passage 342
- AD 76 to AD 88 章帝時Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 184, passage 60
- AD 75 to AD 88 章帝末Directly stated · Book of Later Han 115, passage 109
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Child of Empress Dowager Ma (马太后)empress dowager 太后Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 117, passages 185, 188
- Spouse of Empress Dou (窦后)empress 后
empress 皇后 · Primary marriageDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 122; Book of Later Han 117, passage 177 - Parent of Emperor He (和帝)father 章帝Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 110, passage 122
- Kin of Ma Fang (马防)maternal uncle 舅 · maternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 125, passage 84
- Child of Mother of Emperor Zhangmother 母 · maternal lineStrongly inferred · Book of Later Han 125, passage 84
- Child of Emperor Ming (顯宗)Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 110, passage 116
Key source chapters
- Book of Later Han, Chapter 110 Volume 99: Rituals and Worship Part Three 7 passages
- Book of Later Han, Chapter 28 Volume 25: Biography of Zhuo, Lu, Wei, Liu 5 passages
- Book of Later Han, Chapter 93 Volume 82b: Biographies of Alchemists 2 5 passages
- Book of Later Han, Chapter 117 Volume 106: Five Elements Part Four 5 passages
- Book of Later Han, Chapter 31 Volume 28a: Biographies of Huan Tan; Feng Yan 2 passages
Career and standing
- Suzong 肃宗BestowedDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 119
- AccededDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 116
- AD 75 章帝即位Strongly inferred · Book of Later Han 109, passage 45
Places and affiliations
- Eastern Han 东汉Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 117, passage 11
- Eastern Han 汉Relation UnderStrongly inferred · Book of Later Han 115, passage 109
- Polity Eastern Han 东汉 · Relation Lived underStrongly inferred · Book of Later Han 93, passage 342
- Polity Eastern Han 东汉 · Relation RuledStrongly inferred · Book of Later Han 125, passage 84
- Polity Eastern Han 東漢 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 32, passages 180, 189; Book of Later Han 85, passage 117
- Polity Eastern Han 汉 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 119, passage 65
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- Polity Eastern Han · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 89, passage 190
Works and attributed material
- hymns for the twelve gates of the Spirit Terrace 灵台十二门诗Relation AuthorDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 56
- Spirit Terrace twelve-gate poems 灵台十二门诗Relation AuthorDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 56
- Edict · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passages 45-46
- Speech · Speaker · Quote trueDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 93, passages 346, 349
- Testamentary edict · AuthorDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 110, passage 118
Events and relationships
- Announced sacrifice to temple named emperorsAD 85 癸酉 · Ritual · Officiant · At Bright Hall 明堂Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 51
- Assembled scholars at White Tiger HallDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 28, passage 74
- Chai burnt sacrificeAD 85 辛未 · Ritual · Officiant · At Mount Tai 泰山Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 49
- Eastern tour huntAD 85 二月 · Travel · Traveler · At Mount Tai 泰山Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passages 47-48
- established sacrifice directors and assistants 置祀令、丞Administrative · Ruler · Established sacrifice directorsDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 126, passage 240
- Lineal sacrifice to five thearchsAD 85 壬申 · Ritual · Officiant · At Bright Hall above the Wen 汶上明堂Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 50
Show 10 more source-backed claims
- Ordered debate on expanded cultsAD 85 元和二年正月 · Ritual · OfficiantDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passages 45-46
- Return report sacrificeAD 85 庚申 · Ritual · OfficiantDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 55
- Returned to capitalAD 85 四月 · Travel · TravelerDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 54
- RewardedDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 32, passage 189
- Sacrificed to Prince Gong and Confucius disciplesAD 85 元和二年 · Ritual · Officiant · At Lu 鲁Directly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 53
- Sent envoys to sacrifice to YaoDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 109, passage 47
- Sent ma fang against western qiangMilitary · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 125, passage 84
- Summoned and tested Marquis ShouguangCourt test · TesterDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 93, passages 345-346, 349
- Summoned literary menPolitical · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 89, passage 190
- Toured Zhao, examined Lu Pi on the classics, and rewarded himDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 28, passage 289
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment highly esteemed Feng Yan's writings · With Feng Yan (馮衍) · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 32, passage 180
- Assessment pitied Zhou Xu's poverty and restored him to office · With Zhou Xu (周䊸) · Mode ruler-judgment Source Person Id Emperor Zhang of Han (章帝)Directly stated · Book of Later Han 85, passage 117
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Book of Later Han 85, passage 117; Book of Later Han 119, passage 65
References in the histories
41 passages
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