Emperor Xiaozong of Song (宋孝宗)

Overview

Emperor Xiaozong of Song was an emperor of Song.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1165 乾道元年二月朔
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 192
AD 1172 乾道八年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 114
AD 1174 大定十四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 78, passage 110
AD 1194 孝宗崩
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 469, passage 152
AD 1162 to AD 1189 孝宗朝
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 144, passage 129
AD 1183 孝宗聞而惡之
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 469, passage 107

Show 9 more source-backed claims

AD 1175 淳熙二年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 139
AD 1186 淳熙十三年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 146
AD 1189 淳熙十六年
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 100
AD 1183 淳熙十年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 145
AD 1194 紹熙五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 107, passage 166
AD 1162 紹興三十二年六月十日
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 50
AD 1163 隆興元年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 112
AD 1163 隆興元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 144, passage 134
AD 1163 隆興元年正月朔
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 98

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Gaozong (高宗)
son 子 · Adoptive parentage
father 父 · Adoptive parentage
father 父
Sources vary in certainty · History of Song 144, passages 134, 140; History of Song 110, passages 50, 69
Parent of Emperor Guangzong (光宗)
father 父
heir apparent 皇太子
Strongly inferred · History of Song 110, passages 100-101; History of Song 112, passage 114
Child of Emperor Gaozong (高宗)
Retired Emperor 太上皇帝
Strongly inferred · History of Song 112, passages 112, 130

Key source chapters

Career and standing

AD 1189 淳熙十六年
Abdicated
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 100
AD 1162 紹興三十二年六月十一日
Ascended
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passages 50, 53, 64
AD 1163 隆興元年
Directly stated · History of Song 144, passage 134

Places and affiliations

Polity Song 宋 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 112; History of Song 144, passage 129

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Emperor Gaozong (高宗) · Units s0130
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 130
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Emperor Gaozong (高宗) · Units s0141, s0142
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passages 141-142
Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passages 86-88
Speech · Speaker · With Supreme Empress (太上皇后)
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 187
Speech · Speaker · With Gaozong (高宗)
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 180
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 69

Events and relationships

Huiqing Festival 會慶節
Ritual · Honoree · Birthday festival established
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 147
Offered birthday congratulations
AD 1172 乾道八年 · Ritual · Officiant · With Emperor Gaozong (高宗)
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 114
Offered birthday congratulations
AD 1163 隆興元年 · Ritual · Officiant · With Emperor Gaozong (高宗)
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 112
Ordered deshou palace escort discussion
AD 1163 隆興元年 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Song 144, passage 134
Received Liu Zhonghui's letter under the established treaty ceremony
Diplomatic · With Liu Zhonghui (劉仲誨)
Directly stated · History of Jin 78, passage 113
Received throne
AD 1162 紹興三十二年六月十一日 · Ritual · Successor · With Gaozong (高宗)
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passages 64, 66, 68

References in the histories

Search passages

History

24 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 78Volume 78 Biographies 16: Liu Yanzong and His Sons E and Kuo; Kuo's Son Zhonghui; Liu Yi; Shi Liai; Han Qixian and His Son Duo · 2 passages

Open chapter

十四年，為宋國歲元使，宋主欲變親起接書之儀，遣館伴王抃來議，曲辨強說，欲要以必從。 In the fourteenth year he headed the New Year's mission to Song. The Song ruler wanted to alter the ceremony so the emperor would rise in person to receive the letter, and sent Wang Bian as host to argue insistently until Jin yielded.

往復再三，竟用舊儀，親起接書成禮而還。 After repeated exchanges the old ceremony stood. The Song emperor rose to receive the letter in person, the rites were completed, and Zhonghui returned.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage

Open chapter

硃子進戒宋孝宗曰：'使宴安酖毒之害，日滋而日長； Zhu Xi warned Emperor Xiaozong of Song: 'If the poison of ease and comfort grows day by day,

History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 3 passages

Open chapter

今太祖為始祖，則太宗為昭，真宗為穆，自是而下以至孝宗，四昭四穆與太祖之廟而九。 With Taizu as founding ancestor, Taizong is zhao, Zhenzong mu, and down to Xiaozong—four zhao and four mu with Taizu's temple make nine.

上再三稱善，且曰：「僖祖自不當祧，高宗即位時不曾祧，壽皇即位，太上即位，亦不曾祧，今日豈可容易？ The emperor repeatedly expressed approval and said: "Emperor Xi ought not to be removed; when Gaozong ascended the throne he was not removed, when Emperor Xiaozong ascended, when the Retired Emperor ascended, he was likewise not removed—how can this be done lightly today?

時太廟殿已為十二室，故孝宗升祔，而東室尚虛。 The temple hall already had twelve shrines; when Xiaozong was installed, the eastern shrine remained vacant.

History of Song, Chapter 110Volume 110 Treatises 63: Rites 13 · 5 passages

Open chapter

紹興三十二年六月十日禦劄：“皇太子可即皇帝位，朕稱太上皇帝，退處德壽宮，皇后稱太上皇后。 On the tenth day of the sixth month of Shaoxing 32, 1162, an imperial note read: "The crown prince may immediately ascend the throne. I shall be styled Supreme Emperor and retire to Deshou Palace; the empress shall be styled Supreme Empress.

康伯等復奏曰：“皇太子仁聖，天下所共知，似聞謙遜太過，未肯便禦正殿。” Kangbo and the others added: "The crown prince's benevolence and sagacity are known throughout the realm, but we hear he is excessively modest and has not yet been willing to take the main throne."

少頃，新皇帝服履袍，涕泣出宮。 Shortly afterward the new emperor, wearing court robes, emerged from the palace in tears.

自後帝詣德壽宮恭請太上、太后至南內，或幸延祥觀靈隱寺天竺寺、恭進太上聖政、冊命皇太子，起居稱謝。 Thereafter the emperor went to Deshou Palace to respectfully invite the Supreme Emperor and the empress dowager to the Southern Inner Palace, or took them to Extended Felicity Abbey, Lingyin Temple, and Tianzhu Temple, or respectfully presented the Supreme Emperor's Sagely Governance, or invested the crown prince, reporting on their health and offering thanks.

淳熙十六年，孝宗內禪，皇太子即皇帝位； In Chunxi 16, 1189, Xiaozong abdicated and the crown prince immediately ascended the throne;

History of Song, Chapter 112Volume 112 Treatises 65: Rites 15 · 2 passages

Open chapter

孝宗隆興元年，太上皇帝天申節，皇帝及宰臣、文武百僚詣德壽宮上壽。 In the first year of Longxing (1163) under Xiaozong, on the Retired Emperor’s Tianshen Festival the emperor, the chief counselor, and all civil and military officials went to the Palace of Virtuous Longevity to offer birthday congratulations.

孝宗以十月二十二日為會慶節，光宗以九月四日為重明節，寧宗以十月十九日為天祐節、尋改為瑞慶節，理宗以正月五日為天基節，度宗以四月九日為乾會節，瀛國公以九月二十八日為天瑞節。 Xiaozong’s birthday was observed on the twenty-second day of the tenth month as the Huiqing Festival; Guangzong’s on the fourth day of the ninth month as the Chongming Festival; Ningzong’s on the nineteenth day of the tenth month as the Tianyou Festival, soon renamed the Ruiqing Festival; Lizong’s on the fifth day of the first month as the Tianji Festival; Duzong’s on the ninth day of the fourth month as the Qianhui Festival; and the Lord of Ying’s on the twenty-eighth day of the ninth month as the Tianrui Festival.

History of Song, Chapter 144Volume 144 Treatises 97: Ceremonial Guards 2 · 2 passages

Open chapter

孝宗朝德壽宮，減一千人，用殿前司六百二十九人，皇城在內巡檢司三百九十一人，崇政殿四百四十九人，凡一千四百六十九人。 At Deshou Palace under Emperor Xiaozong, the escort was reduced by 1,000: 629 from the Palatial Guard, 391 from the Imperial City Inner Inspection Command, and 449 from Chongzheng Hall—1,469 in all.

隆興元年，孝宗嗣位，詔有司討論德壽宮輿輦儀衛。 In Longxing 1, when Emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne, the relevant offices were ordered to draft ceremonial protocols for the retired emperor's palanquin at Deshou Palace.

History of Song, Chapter 469Volume 469 Biographies 228: Eunuchs 4: Shao Chengzhang, Lan Gui Kanglu, Feng Yi, Zhang Quwei, Chen Yuan, Gan Bian, Wang Deqian, Guan Li, Dong Songchen · 9 passages

Open chapter

孝宗聞而惡之。 Xiaozong heard of it and loathed him.

御史章穎論其離間君親，乞行誅竄，以慰壽皇在天之靈。 Censor Zhang Ying charged them with estranging father and son, begging execution or exile to comfort the late emperor in heaven.

乾道中，帝頗親昪，昪以此用事。 Under Qiandao the emperor favored Bian and relied on him in affairs.

既而覿死抃逐，獨在，朱熹力言之，帝曰：“乃德壽宮所薦，謂有才耳。” Di died and Bian was expelled; Gan alone remained; Zhu Xi protested fiercely; the emperor said, “Deshou Palace recommended him—they said he had talent.”

後帝察其奸，遂抵之罪，籍其貲，竟以廢死。 The emperor finally saw through him, confiscated his wealth, and he died disgraced.

孝宗大漸，光宗以疾久不朝重華宮。 As Xiaozong lay dying, Guangzong’s illness had kept him from Chonghua Palace for months.

孝宗崩，王在喪次，中外洶洶，王以告直講彭龜年。 When Xiaozong died the prince was in mourning; the realm seethed; he confided in lecturer Peng Guinian.

孝宗頗親信之，後命提舉重華宮。 Xiaozong trusted him deeply and later made him superintendent of Chonghua Palace.

孝宗崩，光宗疾，不能執喪，樞密趙汝愚等請建儲以安人心，光宗禦批又有“念欲退閑”語，丞相留正懼，納祿去，人心愈搖。 When Xiaozong died Guangzong was too ill to mourn; Zhao Ruyu and others urged establishing an heir; Guangzong’s rescript even spoke of “wishing to retire”; Chancellor Liu Zheng quit in fear and the realm shook.