Du Yu (杜預) | 24 Histories

Overview

Du Yu was an official, Scholar, and Commentator.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Yuan Kai	元凱	Yuánkǎi

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 222 to AD 284 AD 222-284
Dated from the passage context · Book of Southern Qi 48, passage 72
AD 222 to AD 285 元凱編之於後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 98, passage 4
AD 263 to AD 285 古杜預
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 108
AD 263 to AD 280 昔
Strongly inferred · Book of Chen 18, passage 176
AD 280 晉平吳
Strongly inferred · Book of Sui 52, passage 219
AD 222 to AD 285 杜預
Dated from the passage context · Book of Northern Qi 25, passage 82

Show 7 more source-backed claims

AD 270 to AD 285 杜預之於宛、葉
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 264, passage 144
AD 265 to AD 274 泰始中
Directly stated · Book of Chen 17, passage 154
AD 263 to AD 285 羊、杜 Western Jin (allusion; not Zhenyuan)
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 49
AD 265 to AD 285 羊、杜
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 21
AD 263 to AD 284 西晉
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 178, passage 76
AD 222 to AD 285 西晉
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 46, passage 79
AD 265 to AD 285 西晉
Strongly inferred · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 185

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Princess Gao Ling Xuan (高陵宣公主)
married 尚 · Marriage
Directly stated · Book of Chen 17, passage 3

Key source chapters

Career and standing

administrator emphasizing performance review priorities 考績優先之臣
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 178, passage 76
commentator on the Zuo Tradition 左傳注家
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 185
Commandant of the Consort's Carriage 駙馬都尉
Not received · Negated true
Directly stated · Book of Chen 17, passage 154

Places and affiliations

Polity Western Jin 西晉 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 21; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 49; Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 185; Draft History of Qing 264, passage 144; New Book of Tang 178, passage 76

Learning and skills

refined Confucian learning 儒雅
Relation Studied
Directly stated · Book of Chen 18, passage 176

Works and attributed material

Explanatory Examples 釋例
Relation Author
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 187
Commentary on the Zuo Tradition 杜預注傳
Relation Author
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passages 185, 197
Historian comment · Subject · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 18, passage 176

Events and relationships

Composed Explanatory Examples
Scholarly · Author
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 187
Established agricultural colonies at Wan and Ye
Military · Commander · At Wan and Ye 宛、葉
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 264, passage 144
Invoked as model governor if reborn
Rhetorical comparison · Exemplar · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yao Nanzhong (姚南仲)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 49
Priorities compared unfavorably to Yao
Intellectual · Exemplar
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 178, passage 76
achieved military merit 卒致軍功
Military · Commander · Won merit · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 18, passage 176

Assessments and attributes

Assessment appeared late and favors later generations · Mode quotation Speaker Lu Cheng (陸澄)
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 185
Assessment came from refined Confucian learning yet achieved military merit and lasting fame · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Chen 18, passage 176
Assessment cited as sure precedent for military colonies · Mode quotation Speaker Liu Hongru (劉鴻儒)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 264, passage 144
Assessment cited as the ancient bridge-building exemplar Du Yu · Mode quotation Speaker Zhuangzong (莊宗)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 108
Assessment commentary surpasses the earlier Confucians · Mode quotation Speaker Wang Jian (王儉)
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 197
Assessment diverged from antiquity less extremely than Wang Bi; followed earlier Confucians and cited their departures · Mode quotation Speaker Lu Cheng (陸澄)
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 186

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Assessment what he puts first cannot match Tang Yao's performance review · Mode speaker-judgment Speaker Liu Fen (劉蕡)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 178, passage 76

Source notes

Historicity historical
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 21
Historicity historical
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 39, passage 185; Draft History of Qing 264, passage 144
Value historical
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 178, passage 76

References in the histories

Search passages

History

16 passages

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 25Volume 25 Biographies 17: Zhang Zuan; Zhang Liang; Zhang Yao; Zhang Qi; Xu Yuan; Wang Jun; Wang Hong · 1 passage

Open chapter

趙彥深嘗謂耀曰：「君研尋《左氏》，豈求服虔、杜預之紕繆邪？」 Zhao Yanshen once said to Yao, "In studying the Zuo Tradition, are you trying to find errors in Fu Qian and Du Yu?"

Book of Chen, Chapter 17Volume 17: Wang Chong; Wang Tong; Yuan Jing · 1 passage

Open chapter

案杜預尚晉宣帝第二女高陵宣公主，晉武踐祚，而主已亡，泰始中追贈公主，元凱無復駙馬之號。 Du Yu married Jin Xuandi's second daughter, Princess Gao Ling Xuan; when Jin Wudi came to the throne she was already dead, and though she was enfeoffed posthumously in Taishi, Yu was never called consort commandant.

Book of Chen, Chapter 18Volume 18: Shen Zhong; Yuan Bi; Liu Zhongwei; Lu Shancai; Wang Zhi; Wei Zai · 1 passage

Open chapter

史臣曰：昔鄧禹基於文學，杜預出自儒雅，卒致軍功，名著前代。 The historian writes: Deng Yu began in the classics and Du Yu in pure scholarship, yet both won fame in war and live in the histories of old.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 157Volume 153 Biographies 103: Yao Nanzhong, Liu Nai, Yuan Gao, Duan Pingzhong, Xue Cuncheng, Lu Tan · 1 passage

Open chapter

如盈珍輩所在有之，雖羊、杜復生，撫百姓，禦三軍，必不能成愷悌父母之政，師律善陣之制矣。」 Men like Yingzhen are everywhere. Even if Yang Hu and Du Yu were reborn, they could not comfort the people and command the armies while achieving a parental rule of kindness or the discipline of proper formations and army law.'

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 53Volume 53 Book of Later Tang 29: Biographies 5: Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 1 passage

Open chapter

莊宗舉酒曰：「存進，吾之杜預也。」 Zhuangzong raised his cup and declared, "Cunjin, you are my Du Yu."

Book of Liang, Chapter 46Volume 46: Hu Sengyou; Xu Wensheng; Du Ze; Du An; Du You'an; Du Kan; Yin Zichun · 1 passage

Open chapter

詔曰：「崱，京兆舊姓，元凱苗裔。 The edict said, "Ze, of the ancient house of Jingzhao, line of Yuan Kai.

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 39Volume 39 Biographies 20: Liu Huan, Di Jin, Lu Cheng · 3 passages

Open chapter

案杜預注《傳》，王弼注《易》，俱是晚出，竝貴後生。 Du Yu's commentary on the Tradition and Wang Bi's commentary on the Changes both appeared late and alike favor later generations.

杜之異古，未如王之奪實，祖述前儒，特舉其違。 Du's divergence from antiquity was not like Wang's rejection of substance; he followed the earlier Confucians and specially cited their departures.

元凱注傳，超邁前儒，若不列學官，其可廢矣。 Du Yu's commentary on the Tradition surpasses the earlier Confucians; if it is not listed among the school officials, how could it be abandoned?

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 48Volume 48 Biographies 29: Yuan Tuan, Kong Zhigui, Liu Hui · 3 passages

Open chapter

張斐杜預同注一章，而生殺永殊。 Zhang Fei and Du Yu comment on the same article, yet their rulings on life and death forever diverge.

爰發德音，刪正刑律，敕臣集定張杜二注。 Thereupon Your Majesty issued a benevolent edict to revise the penal statutes and ordered your servant to assemble and fix the Zhang and Du commentaries.

取張注七百三十一條，杜注七百九十一條。 He took seven hundred thirty-one articles from Zhang's commentary and seven hundred ninety-one from Du's.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 264Volume 264 Biographies 51: Hao Weine, Ren Kepu, Liu Hongru, Liu Jian, Zhang Tingshu · 1 passage

Open chapter

此又趙充國之於先零，杜預之於宛、葉，確然可循之遺策也。 This is also the sure precedent of Zhao Chongguo against the Xianlian and Du Yu at Wan and Ye.

Book of Sui, Chapter 52Volume 52 Biographies 17: Han Qinhu, He Ruobi · 1 passage

Open chapter

方于晉之王、杜，勳庸綽有餘地。 Set beside the Wang and Du of Jin, their achievements would still have stood with room to spare.

Book of Wei, Chapter 98Volume 92: Notable Women: Cui Lan's Consort Feng, Feng Zhuo's Consort Liu, Wei Pu's Consort Fang, Hu Changming's Consort Zhang · 1 passage

Open chapter

若乃明識列操，文辯兼該，聲自閨庭，號顯列國，子政集之於前，元凱編之於後，隨時綴錄，代不乏人。 Then there are women of clear moral insight and conduct, equally skilled in letters and debate, whose renown rose from the inner quarters and whose names shone across the realm. Liu Xiang collected such figures in earlier times, and Yuan Kai compiled them afterward, recording them age by age—no generation has lacked them.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 178Volume 178 Biographies 103: Liu Fen · 1 passage

Open chapter

元凱之所先，不若唐堯考績； what Yuan Kai puts first cannot match Tang Yao's performance review;