Da Hong'a (達洪阿) | 24 Histories

Overview

Da Hong'a was a Military Officer.

PeriodQing

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Hou'an	厚庵	Hòu'ān
Posthumous name	Zhuangwu	壯武	Zhuàngwǔ

Life and dates

Death

AD 1854 四年
Wounded in campaign · At Fucheng 阜城
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 209

Attested activity

AD 1845 道光二十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 382, passages 64, 71
AD 1853 三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 55
AD 1841 二十一年秋
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 151
AD 1840 及海疆戒嚴
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 148-149
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 205
AD 1851 咸豐元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 203; Draft History of Qing 392, passages 19, 23

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AD 1851 咸豐元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 51
AD 1854 咸豐四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 208
AD 1850 道光三十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 202
AD 1841 道光二十一年八月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 187
AD 1842 道光二十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 191
AD 1846 道光二十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 201
AD 1835 道光十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 185
AD 1838 道光十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 186

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Manchu 滿洲
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 183
Clan Fuca 富察氏
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 183

Career and standing

Vice Commander-in-Chief 副都統
AD 1850 三十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 202
Assistant Commissioner at Yili 伊犁參贊大臣
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 200
Commissioner at Hami 哈密辦事大臣
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 199
Commissioner at Xining 西寧辦事大臣
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 200
Xining resident minister 西寧辦事大臣
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 71
Provincial Commander rank 提督銜
AD 1838 十八年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 186

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Third-Class Bodyguard 三等侍衛
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 199
guardsman 護軍
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 184
Regional Commander 總兵
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 149
Brigade Commander 總兵
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 184
Taiwan garrison commander 台灣鎮總兵
AD 1835 十五年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 185
peacock feather 花翎
AD 1838 十八年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 186
Akedachun Baturu 阿克達春巴圖魯
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 194
double-eyed peacock feather 雙眼花翎
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 188
Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保銜
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 194
Commander-in-Chief rank 都統銜
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 210
Cavalry Commandant hereditary rank 騎都尉世職
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 190
Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant hereditary ranks 騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 210
Entered
AD 1854 四年 · Restored to office
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 208
Entered
Imprisoned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 199
Entered
Released
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 199
Received
AD 1850 文宗即位 · Rehabilitation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 172
dismissal and arrest after Pottinger complaint 革職逮問
AD 1842 和議後 · Suffered · Authority Yiliang (怡良)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 197-198
dismissed for retreating first 先退革職
AD 1853 三年 · Suffered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 207
Suffered
Arrest
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 161

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 183
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 55
Organization Bordered Yellow Banner 鑲黃旗 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 183

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · With Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 150

Events and relationships

Broke Guocha stronghold
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 75
Campaigned in Guangxi
AD 1851 咸豐元年 · Military · Officer · With Saishang'a (賽尚阿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 203
Defeated rebels at Xian
AD 1854 四年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 208
Defended Jilong
AD 1841 二十一年八月 · Military · Commander · With Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 187-189
Destroyed enemy at Da an
AD 1842 二十二年 · Military · Commander · With Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 191-193
Fought at Jinghai
AD 1853 三年 · Military · Commander · With Senggebao (勝保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 205-206

Show 5 more source-backed claims

Pacified fan villages
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 74
Repelled British with Yao
Military · Commander · With Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 152
Stormed Black Cuosi Monastery
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 74
Suppressed Shen He
AD 1838 十八年 · Military · Commander · At Jiayi 嘉義 · With Shen He (沈和)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passage 186
Relation Colleague of · Person Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 369, passages 181, 192

References in the histories

Search passages

History

25 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 12 passages

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總兵達洪阿偕台灣道姚瑩屢卻之。 Brigade Commander Da Hong'a and Taiwan Circuit Intendant Yao Ying repeatedly drove them back.

達洪阿，字厚庵，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 Da Hong'a, styled Hou'an, of the Fuca clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

二十一年八月，英兵船至雞籠海口，達洪阿與姚瑩督兵御之。 In the eighth month of 1841 British warships reached Jilong Harbor. Da Hong'a and Yao Ying directed the defense.

副將邱鎮功燃巨砲折其桅，敵船衝礁破碎，擒斬甚眾，賜雙眼花翎。 Vice-Commander Qiu Zhengong fired a heavy cannon and snapped the enemy mast. The enemy ship struck a reef and broke apart, and many of the crew were captured or killed. Da Hong'a was awarded the double-eyed peacock feather.

達洪阿謀於姚瑩，瑩曰：「此未可與海上爭鋒，必以計殲之。」 Da Hong'a consulted Yao Ying, who said: 'We cannot meet them head-on at sea. They must be destroyed by stratagem.'

詔嘉台灣三次破敵，達洪阿等智勇兼施，大揚國威，賜號阿克達春巴圖魯，加太子太保銜。 An edict commended Taiwan's three victories over the enemy, praising Da Hong'a and his colleagues for combining strategy and courage and greatly enhancing national prestige. He was granted the title Akedachun Baturu and the rank of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

敵船遊奕外洋，乘間掩擊，迭有俘獲，遂不復至。 When enemy ships cruised offshore, Da Hong'a struck at every opening, repeatedly taking prisoners, and the enemy did not return.

英將濮鼎查訴稱台灣所戮皆遭風難民，達洪阿等冒功捏奏，命總督怡良赴台灣查辦。 British general Pottinger claimed that those killed in Taiwan were shipwrecked civilians and that Da Hong'a and his colleagues had fabricated their reports to claim false credit. Governor Yiliang was ordered to Taiwan to investigate.

至即傳旨革職逮問，兵民不服，勢洶洶，達洪阿等撫慰乃散。 On his arrival an edict immediately dismissed Da Hong'a from office and ordered his arrest. Soldiers and civilians were outraged and the situation grew volatile until Da Hong'a and his colleagues calmed the crowd.

詔斥達洪阿先退，革職，留營效力。 An edict rebuked Da Hong'a for having retreated first, stripped him of office, and ordered him to remain with the army to redeem himself through service.

贈都統銜，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡壯武。 He was posthumously granted commander-in-chief rank, awarded the hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and given the posthumous name Zhuangwu.

若達洪阿、姚瑩卻敵台灣，固由守禦有方，亦因敵非專注，朝廷皆不得已而罪之，諸人卒皆復起，而名節播宇內、煥史冊矣。 As for Da Hong'a and Yao Ying driving back the enemy in Taiwan, their success owed something to sound defense but also to the fact that the enemy was not fully committed. The court punished them under political necessity, yet all eventually rose again, and their reputations spread throughout the empire and endure brightly in the historical record.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 382Volume 382 Biographies 169: Hu Song E, Bu Yan Tai, Sa Ying A · 2 passages

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惠吉籌辦未有緒，歿於任，乃以布彥泰代之，未至，命林則徐先署總督，並授達洪阿西寧辦事大臣，同治其事。 Before Huiji could organize the response he died in post; Bu Yantai was named to succeed him, but Lin Zexu was first ordered to act as governor-general, with Da Hong'a as Xining minister to manage the campaign jointly.

達洪阿率兵剿平番莊，惟黑錯寺匪眾抗拒，攻下之。 Da Hong'a swept the fan villages; only the Black Cuosi Monastery rebels held out, and he took them by assault.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 6 passages

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及海疆戒嚴，瑩與總兵達洪阿預為戰守計。 When the coast was placed on military alert, Yao and Regional Commander Da Hong'a drew up plans for defense in advance.

達洪阿性剛，與同官鮮合，瑩推誠相接，一日謁謝曰：「武人不學，為子所容久矣，自今聽子而行。」 Da Hong'a was stubborn and rarely got on with his colleagues; Yao treated him with open sincerity until one day Da called to say: "We soldiers are unlettered men; you have borne with me long enough—from now on I shall follow your lead."

瑩設方略，與達洪阿督兵連卻之，大有斬獲，收前所失寧波、廈門砲械甚多。 Yao devised the strategy; working with Da Hong'a he drove the enemy back again and again with heavy casualties inflicted on them, and recovered much of the artillery lost earlier at Ningbo and Xiamen.

瑩與達洪阿謀曰：「大府意欲市德，藉以退鼓浪嶼之兵。 Yao and Da Hong'a agreed: "The governor wants to curry favor and use the prisoners to get the British off Gulangyu.

瑩與達洪阿約，義不與俘虜質，即自引咎。 Yao and Da Hong'a had agreed that they would not use prisoners as bargaining chips and at once accepted full responsibility.

文宗即位，黜大學士穆彰阿，詔宣示中外，並及瑩與達洪阿被陷狀，於是復起用，授湖北武昌鹽法道，未行，擢廣西按察使，命參大學士賽尚阿軍事。 When the Wenzong Emperor came to the throne, Grand Secretary Mujangga was dismissed and an edict to the empire also cleared Yao and Da Hong'a of the false charges against them; Yao was then restored, appointed salt law intendant at Wuchang in Hubei, and before he could take up that post was promoted provincial judge of Guangxi and ordered to join Grand Secretary Saišangga's staff.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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三年，粵匪擾河南、直隸，京師戒嚴，命偕僧格林沁、花沙納、達洪阿辦理京旗各營巡防事宜。 In 1853, when rebels from Guangdong ravaged Henan and Zhili and the capital was put on alert, he was ordered with Sengge Rinchen, Huashana, and Da Hong'a to organize patrol and defense for the metropolitan banner forces.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 3 passages

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