Cheng Xueqi (程學啟)

Overview

Cheng Xueqi was a general.

PeriodQing

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Life and dates

Death

AD 1864 同治三年二月
Died of battle wounds · At Jiaxing 嘉興
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 63
died 卒
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 91

Attested activity

AD 1864 同治三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 415, passage 187; Draft History of Qing 433, passage 193
AD 1864 同治三年二月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 63
AD 1863 同治二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 44; Draft History of Qing 415, passage 180; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 110, 197; Draft History of Qing 433, passage 162
AD 1863 同治二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 65, 70
AD 1863 同治二年十月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 53, 55
AD 1862 同治元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 16

Show 1 more source-backed claim

AD 1862 同治元年四月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 25-26

Key source chapters

Career and standing

major-general 總兵
AD 1864 同治三年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 193
Major General 總兵
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 70
execution of surrendered chiefs 誅降酋
Ordered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 90

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 70
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 16, 44; Draft History of Qing 431, passages 110, 197
Organization Zeng Guofan's army 曾軍 · Relation Officer of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 16

Works and attributed material

不殺八人，後必為患
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 55

Events and relationships

Campaigned for
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At Suzhou 蘇州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 431, passage 110
Commanded the Kunshan column
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Supreme commander · At Kunshan 昆山
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 162
Kunshan Suzhou route; urged killing eight chieftains; pacified Suzhou
AD 1863 同治二年十月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 44, 55, 57-58
Led Northern Route Army; held Xinqiao; routed rebels at Huangdu
AD 1862 同治元年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 24, 26-27, 35
Took Jiaxing and died of wounds
AD 1864 同治三年二月 · Military · Commander · At Jiaxing 嘉興
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 63
Relation Subordinate of · Person Li Hongzhang (李鴻章)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passages 16, 44

References in the histories

Search passages

History

27 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 411Volume 411 Biographies 198: Li Hongzhang · 12 passages

Open chapter

同治元年，遂命鴻章召募淮勇七千人，率舊部將劉銘傳、周盛波、張樹聲、吳長慶，曾軍將程學啟，湘軍將郭松林，霆軍將楊鼎勳，以行。 In the first year of Tongzhi he was ordered to raise seven thousand Huai Braves and take the field with his former subordinates Liu Mingchuan, Zhou Shengbo, Zhang Shusheng, and Wu Changqing, together with Cheng Xueqi of Zeng's army, Guo Songlin of the Xiang forces, and Yang Dingxun of the Ting forces.

學啟等將湘、淮人攻南匯，號北路軍。 while Xueqi and others led Hunan and Huai troops against Nanhui as the Northern Route Army.

學啟將千五百人屯新橋，賊圍之數十重，踐屍進。 Xueqi encamped at Xinqiao with fifteen hundred men. The rebels surrounded them in dozens of rings and pressed forward over the dead.

學啟開壁突擊，賊駭卻。 Xueqi threw open the stockade and charged out; the rebels fell back in alarm.

諸將分攻，簡精卒逾壕伏而前，斃數人，賊陣動，學啟乘之，裹創噪而進，賊大潰。 The generals attacked from several sides. Elite troops crossed the moat and crept forward, killing several men; the rebel line wavered. Xueqi seized the moment and, though wounded, pressed forward shouting; the rebels broke in complete rout.

因疏陳賊情地勢，建三路進軍之策：學啟由崑山攻蘇州； He then memorialized on rebel strength and the terrain, proposing a three-pronged advance: Xueqi from Kunshan against Suzhou;

乃令鶴章、銘傳守後路，抽銳卒會學啟合破賊屯，蘇、錫之賊皆大困。 He ordered Hezhang and Mingchuan to guard the rear, detached elite troops to join Xueqi in breaking the rebel camps together, and the rebels at Suzhou and Wuxi were thrown into great distress.

學啟言不殺八人，後必為患。 Xueqi said that if the eight were spared they would surely cause trouble later.

鴻章意難之，學啟拂衣出，鴻章笑語為解。 Hongzhang hesitated; Xueqi flung his robe aside and stalked out, and Hongzhang calmed him with smiles and gentle words.

學啟入城諭定其眾，搜殺悍黨二千馀人。 Xueqi entered the city to pacify the people and hunted down more than two thousand hardened partisans.

學啟出太湖，圖嘉興，以應浙軍。 Xueqi moved out through Lake Tai toward Jiaxing to support the Zhejiang forces.

三年二月，學啟急攻嘉興，親搏戰，登城，克之，中彈死。 In the second month of the third year Xueqi pressed the assault on Jiaxing, fought hand to hand, scaled the wall, and took the city, but was killed by a bullet.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 415Volume 415 Biographies 202: Huang Yisheng, Ding Yifang, Wang Ji, Wu Jiabang, Li Chengmou, Li Chaobin, Jiang Fushan, Liu Peiyuan · 2 passages

Open chapter

朝斌一師，原為規复江、浙而設，九洑洲既克，會黃翼升淮揚水師同援上海，由長江直下，與總兵程學啟會師夾浦，督水師百艘攻沿湖賊壘，下之，進破澹台湖賊壘； Chaobin's division had been raised to retake Jiangsu and Zhejiang; after Jiufuzhou he joined Huang Yisheng's Huaiyang fleet for Shanghai, ran down the Yangtze, met Cheng Xueqi at Jiapu, led a hundred boats against lakeside forts, took them, and stormed the Tantai Lake redoubt;

三年，偕程學啟會攻嘉興，朝斌水師由官塘進，破其七壘。 In year three, with Cheng Xueqi he besieged Jiaxing; Chaobin's fleet advanced up the Guantang canal and smashed seven forts.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 431Volume 431 Biographies 218: Guo Songlin, Li Changle, Yang Dingxun, Tang Diankui, Tang Dingkui, Teng Siwu, Luo Guozhong · 2 passages

Open chapter

從程學啟規蘇州，鼎勳攻下城外堅壘，蘇州复，加提督銜。 With Cheng Xueqi in the campaign for Suzhou, Dingxun carried the outer forts; when Suzhou fell he received brevet provincial military commander.

二年，偕程學啟規蘇州，敗賊於正義鎮。 In 1863 he joined Cheng Xueqi in the campaign for Suzhou and routed the rebels at Zhengyi.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 433Volume 433 Biographies 220: Jin Guochen, Huang Chunxi, Wu Kunxiu, Kang Guoqi, Li Hezhang Younger Brother: Zhao Qing, Wu Yulan · 4 passages

Open chapter

分諸軍為兩路，其進昆山一路，以程學啟為總統； The armies were divided into two routes; the column advancing on Kunshan was placed under Cheng Xueqi as supreme commander;

曾國荃疏陳：「李鴻章平江蘇，鶴章與程學啟各分統一路。 Zeng Guoquan memorialized: "When Li Hongzhang pacified Jiangsu, Hezhang and Cheng Xueqi each commanded a separate column.

三年，率所部從總兵程學啟攻嘉興，戰於合歡橋。 In the third year he led his troops with Major-General Cheng Xueqi to attack Jiaxing and fought at Hehuan Bridge.

進抵城下，賊以巨砲拒河口，學啟被傷，毓蘭率先鋒攻益厲，掘河口架橋濟師，晝夜環攻，轟陷城垣百餘丈。 At the city walls the rebels used heavy guns to block the river mouth; when Xueqi was wounded Yulan led the vanguard in a fiercer assault, dug at the river mouth and threw bridges across, and attacked night and day until more than a hundred zhang of wall were breached.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 435Volume 435 Biographies 222: Hua Er, Lei Bo Lei Dong, Fa Er Di Fu, Ge Deng, Ri Yi Ge, De Ke Bei, He De, Bo Li · 7 passages

Open chapter

規取崑山，與總兵程學啟度地勢，以環昆多水，惟西南通進義，策先斷其歸路。 Planning the capture of Kunshan, he and Major General Cheng Xueqi studied the ground; water encircled the city on nearly every side, with only a southwest route to Jinyi, so they resolved to cut the rebels' retreat first.

踰月，學啟攻東城，戈登自果浦河奄至，扼守西路，分道疾攻。 A month later Xueqi assaulted the east wall while Gordon came up swiftly along the Guopu River, sealed the western approach, and both columns pressed the attack.

旋攻蘇城，率軍三千，與學啟俱力爭要害，稍剪城外賊壘。 He soon besieged Suzhou with three thousand men; he and Xueqi fought for every strong point and gradually reduced the outworks.

乃與學啟乘單舸會雲官等於洋澄湖，令斬秀成、紹光以獻，學啟與誓，戈登證之。 He and Xueqi then took a small boat to meet Yunguan and the others on Yangcheng Lake, demanding the heads of Xiucheng and Shaoguang as the price of surrender; Xueqi swore the pact and Gordon witnessed it.

初，戈登與學啟為昆弟交，每戰必偕。 Gordon and Xueqi had been as close as brothers and fought side by side in every engagement.

及誅降酋，頗不直其所為，捧雲官首而哭，誓不與見。 When the surrendered chiefs were put to death, he was deeply offended; he took Yunguan's head in his hands and wept, and swore never to see Xueqi again.

嗣聞學啟卒，悲不自勝，乞其戰時大旗二，攜歸國為遺念。 When he later heard that Xueqi had died, he was overcome with grief and asked for two of his battle flags to take home as keepsakes.