Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · General and Official

Changsun Song 長孫嵩

Attested AD 376 - AD 452

Passages: 28
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

Changsun Song was a general and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	King Xuan	宣王	Xuan Wang

Life and dates

Death

Age 80
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 49

Age

14
Context succeeded father in army command
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 4

Attested activity

AD 423 to AD 452 世祖
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 31, 48
AD 409 to AD 423 太宗
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 15-16
AD 386 to AD 409 太祖
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 2, 11
AD 376 昭成末年
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 5

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Changsun Daosheng (長孫道生)
brother's son / nephew 從子 · paternal line · Through Father of Changsun Daosheng (長孫道生父)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 67, 90
Sibling of Father of Changsun Daosheng (長孫道生父)
brother 兄弟 · Full siblings · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Book of Wei 30, passages 67, 90
Child of Changsun Ren (長孫仁)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 3
Parent of Changsun Tui (長孫頹)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 52

Career and standing

Grand General with Pillar of State 柱國大將軍
Added
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 47
left supporter 左輔
AD 422 詔世祖臨朝監國 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 30, passage 30
Grand Commandant 太尉
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 46
inspector of Jizhou 冀州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 13
rectifier of Sizhou 司州中正
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 31
southern grandee 南部大人
AD 376 to AD 409 昭成時 / 太祖承大統 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 30, passages 3, 11

Show 9 more source-backed claims

attendant-in-ordinary 侍中
Held
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 14
inspector of Xiangzhou 相州刺史
Held
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 14
minister over the masses 司徒
Held
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 14
enshrined in ancestral temple 配饗廟庭
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 51
posthumous King Xuan 諡曰宣王
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 50
Prince of Beiping 北平王
AD 423 to AD 424 世祖即位 · Advanced
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 30, passage 31
Duke of Julu 鉅鹿公
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 13
Duke of Nanping 南平公
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 14
Suffered
Public humiliation
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 45

Places and affiliations

Polity Northern Wei 北魏 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 11
At Dai 代
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 2
Organization Eight Lords 八公 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 15

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · With Taizong (太宗)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 27-28
Speech · Speaker · With Shizu (世祖)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 33-35, 41

Events and relationships

Adjudicated
Judicial · Judge
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 48
Campaigned
AD 416 to AD 417 晉將劉裕之伐姚泓 · Military · Commander · With Liu Yu (劉裕)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 16-17, 25-26
Deserted
AD 385 to AD 386 劉顯之謀難 · Military · Leader · With Liu Xian (劉顯)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 6
Remonstrated
Political · Remonstrator · With Shizu (世祖)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 44-45
Submitted to
AD 386 歸太祖 · Political · Actor · With Taizu (太祖)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passages 8-10
Submitted with followers
AD 376 昭成末年 · Military · Commander · With Liu Kuren (劉庫仁)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 5

Assessments and attributes

Assessment magnanimous and statesmanlike · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 4

References in the histories

Search passages

History

28 passages

Book of Wei, Chapter 30Volume 25: Zhang Sunsong, Zhangsun Daosheng · 28 passages

長孫嵩長孫道生 Biographies of Changsun Song and Changsun Daosheng

長孫嵩，代人也，太祖賜名焉。 Changsun Song came from Dai; Taizu gave him the name by which he is known.

嵩寬雅有器度，年十四，代父統軍。 Broad-minded, graceful, and statesmanlike, Song at fourteen succeeded his father in command of the host.

昭成末年，諸部乖亂，苻堅使劉庫仁攝國事，嵩與元他等率部眾歸之。 When Zhaocheng's reign was ending the tribes turned unruly; Fu Jian set Liu Kuren to govern the realm, and Song with Yuan Ta and the rest brought their people in to him.

劉顯之謀難也，嵩率舊人及鄉邑七百餘家叛顯走，[2]將至五原。 At Liu Xian's treason Song broke away with seven hundred-odd households of old retainers and home districts, [2] making for Wuyuan.

時寔君之子，亦聚眾自立，嵩欲歸之。 Shijun's son had meanwhile mustered men and declared himself leader; Song meant to go over to him.

見于烏渥，稱逆父之子，勸嵩歸太祖。 At Wuwo he met Song, styled himself a son who had turned against his father, and pressed him to submit to Taizu.

嵩未決，烏渥回其牛首，嵩僶俛從之。 Song still hesitated until Wuwo swung his ox about on the road; then Song bowed his head and went along.

太祖承大統，復以為南部大人。 Once Taizu took the great mandate, he restored Song as southern grandee.

晉將劉裕之伐姚泓，太宗假嵩節，督山東諸軍事，傳詣平原，緣河北岸，列軍次於畔城。 When Liu Yu of Jin marched against Yao Hong, Taizong lent Song his staff and made him overseer of armies east of the mountains; he went to Pingyuan, followed the north bank of the Yellow River, and encamped at Pancheng.

詔假裕道，裕於舟中望嵩麾蓋，遺以酃酒及江南食物，嵩皆送京師。 An edict granted Liu Yu free passage; from his boat Yu looked on Song's banners and sent Ling wine and delicacies of the south — Song forwarded everything to the capital.

詔嵩厚答之。 The court ordered Song to return the courtesy in full measure.

[3]嵩與建等自成皐南濟，晉諸屯戍皆望塵奔潰。 [3] Song and Jian crossed south from Chenggao; Jin outposts everywhere broke and ran at their dust.

裕克長安，嵩乃班師。 Once Liu Yu had Chang'an, Song led the army home.

太宗寢疾，問後事於嵩，嵩曰：「立長則順，以德則人服。 Taizong, bedridden, asked Song about the succession; Song said: "To set up the eldest is to follow order; to set up by virtue is to win hearts.

於是詔世祖臨朝監國，嵩為左輔。 An edict then had Shizu preside at court and oversee the realm; Song was made left supporter.

世祖即位，進爵北平王，司州中正。 At Shizu's accession Song was raised to Prince of Beiping and made rectifier of Sima province.

嵩與平陽王長孫翰、司空奚斤等曰：「赫連居土，未能為患，蠕蠕世為邊害，宜先討大檀。 Song with Changsun Han, Prince of Pingyang, Xi Jin, Minister of Works, and the rest said: "The Helian cling to their land and are not yet a great peril; the Rouran have long harried the border — strike Dadan first.

嵩等曰：「彼若城守，以逸代勞，大檀聞之，乘虛而寇，危道也。」 Song and the rest said: "If they sit behind walls and trade our strength for their rest, Dadan will hear and strike our flank — a dangerous course."

嵩等固諫不可。 Song and his party remonstrated hard that the move must not be made.

帝大怒，責嵩在官貪污，使武士頓辱。 The Emperor flew into rage, charged Song with graft in office, and had warriors shame him in public.

自是，輿駕征伐，嵩以元老多留鎮京師，坐朝堂，平斷刑獄。 Thereafter, whenever the Emperor marched out, Song — by then the senior man of the court — usually stayed to hold the capital, presiding in the hall of court to settle suits at law.

諡曰宣王。 He was posthumously titled King Xuan.

後高祖追錄先朝功臣，以嵩配饗廟庭。 Later Gaozu, honoring the founders, had Song given a place in the ancestral temple.

長孫道生，嵩從子也。 Changsun Daosheng was Song's nephew.

與從父嵩俱為三公，當世以為榮。 He and his uncle Song both reached the Three Excellencies — a glory of their day.

按此卷以北史卷二二長孫嵩、長孫道生傳補，附長孫稚傳有溢出語，當出於高氏小史。 The received scroll was patched from Beishi juan 22 (Changsuns Song and Daosheng); the attached Zhi life has overflow wording likely from the Gao clan Minor History.

嵩率舊人及鄉邑七百餘家叛顯走北史卷二二長孫嵩傳「鄉邑」作「庶師」。 "Song led his old followers and township households, more than seven hundred families, in revolt": Beishi juan 22, Song's life, has "township households" as "subordinate commanders."